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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Rohstoffgewinnung in der Antarktis : völkerrechtliche Grunglagen der Nutzung nichtlebender Ressourcen (1985)
    Berlin ; Göttingen ; [u.a.] : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G9-90-0021
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 236 S. : 23 cm
    ISBN: 3211818685
    ISSN: 0071-7657
    Series Statement: Forschungen aus Staat und Recht 69
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and degradation of 1,4-polybutadiene via metathesis: new results concerning cyclic oligomersPresented at the International Symposium on Olefin Metathesis and Polymerization (ISOM) 10 Tihany-Veszprém (Hungary) 27. 06.-02. 07. 1993. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 1043-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic oligomers of butadiene (c,c-1,5-cyclooctadiene  -  COD  - , t,t,t-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene  -  CDT  - ), the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) of 1,5-hexadiene and the intramolecular metathesis degradation of 1,4-polybutadiene (1,4-BR) were studied using stable tungsten and molybdenum carbene complexes as well as conventional metathesis catalysts. The determination of cyclic oligomers up to rings containing eight butadiene units shows, compared to the literature, different results regarding the distribution, concentration and cis/trans ratio. Kinetic studies of the ROMP of COD and the intramolecular metathesis of 1,4-BR allow to explain the discrepancy. The ROMP product spectrum for the cyclobutene system known and accepted until now in the literature as ring-chain equilibrium is controlled kinetically and far apart from thermodynamic equilibrium according to our results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Dissolution Behavior of Lysozyme Crystals (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-20
    Description: Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00821
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-7505
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 4
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    Permeability, Purity and Yield in Crystal Beds (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: The permeability of a phosphoric acid hemihydrate crystal bed as well as the crystal yield and the crystal purity were studied in order to find a suitable operation range for the operation of a hydraulic wash column. The key parameters which were in the focus of this paper were the width of the crystals (as a measure of crystal size), the supersaturation and the stirring speed. The results show that a crystal bed which contains larger crystals gives a higher permeability. A higher supersaturation gives a higher crystal yield but more impurity inclusions in crystals. Last but not least, a higher stirring speed gives more impurity inclusions in crystals, too.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Data Preprocessing of In Situ Laser-Backscattering Measurements (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: In situ measurement techniques are promising tools to aid process development. However, they also pose new challenges in evaluating large amounts of recorded data. A new procedure for in situ laser-backscattering devices has been developed that allows transformation of the raw recorded data, a chord length distribution, into a format suitable for population balance modeling. Emphasis is thereby laid on the influence of the suspension density on the measured data. Experimental data are recorded using a batch laboratory crystallizer equipped with an in situ 3D-ORM laser backscattering device and an ultrasound probe. The new proposed five-step procedure for data preprocessing is based on several independently developed tools from literature and is exemplarily illustrated with results on the crystallization of ascorbic acid. The proposed method is a step forward to use in situ laser-backscattering devices also for quantitative purposes. Based on a detailed literature review of laser-backscattering instruments, a new five-step procedure for preprocessing of a threfold dynamical optical reflectance measurement or focused beam reflectance measurement data was developed. In order to validate the method, three typical crystallization model systems were identified.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
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    Role of Emulsifiers in Emulsion Technology and Emulsion Crystallization (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: High-pressure homogenization as an emulsification technique and the production of solid lipid nanoparticles are strongly interlinked. The impact of an emulsifier as an important influencing parameter for both processes is described exemplarily for Polysorbate 20 and sodium caseinate. Regarding the emulsification process, Polysorbate 20 led to a higher improvement of the droplet breakup than the protein sodium caseinate. These results were compared with different published investigations on the crystallization behavior of fats with the same emulsifiers. Considering the crystallization behavior of the lipid phase, sodium caseinate was more advantageous in stabilization of the crystallized particles. The most important factors which have to be taken into account were determined and analyzed. The influence of emulsifiers in high-pressure homog-enization as an emulsification technique and for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles is described exemplarily for Polysorbate 20 and sodium caseinate. For the emulsifi-cation process, Polysorbate 20 was found to be better suited whereas in crystallization sodium caseinate was more advantageous.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Crystalline layer formation of highly viscous supersaturated liquids (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: An important challenge is the handling of highly viscous supersaturated liquids during nucleation and crystal growth. Here solutions mixed with hydrocolloids for the formation of gelled products enclosed by a crystallized layer of sucrose from the starting liquid mixture were tested. To create reproducible layers on the gel body, the nucleation needs to be initiated by external seed materials. The influence of hydrocolloids on the crystallization and therefore the growth in combination with the different seeds for nucleation (starch, icing sugar) was tested and evaluated. Different external seed materials can have an influence on the thickness of sugar layers. A significant influence on the thickness of the crystalline layers can be found by the use of different highly viscous solutions.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 8
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    Damage imaging in a laminated composite plate using an air-coupled time reversal mirror (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-04
    Description: We demonstrate the possibility of selectively imaging the features of a barely visible impact damage in a laminated composite plate by using an air-coupled time reversal mirror. The mirror consists of a number of piezoelectric transducers affixed to wedges of power law profiles, which act as unconventional matching layers. The transducers are enclosed in a hollow reverberant cavity with an opening to allow progressive emission of the ultrasonic wave field towards the composite plate. The principle of time reversal is used to focus elastic waves at each point of a scanning grid spanning the surface of the plate, thus allowing localized inspection at each of these points. The proposed device and signal processing removes the need to be in direct contact with the plate and reveals the same features as vibrothermography and more features than a C-scan. More importantly, this device can decouple the features of the defect according to their orientation, by selectively focusing vector components of motion into the object, through air. For instance, a delamination can be imaged in one experiment using out-of-plane focusing, whereas a crack can be imaged in a separate experiment using in-plane focusing. This capability, inherited from the principle of time reversal, cannot be found in conventional air-coupled transducers.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Parameter Selection of Emulsification Processes: Conditions for Nano- and Macroemulsions (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: Beside factors like nature of the emulsifier as well as rheology of the interface and continuous phase, the droplet size distribution of an emulsion governs emulsion properties such as long-term stability over months or years, texture, and optical appearance. Consequently, emulsions with droplets in nano-scale are of interest when well-defined emulsion properties are needed. The formation of emulsions consisting of water, corn oil, and nonionic surfactants using disc systems and high-pressure homogenizers was studied. The emulsion droplet size distributions were obtained by means of a laser diffraction method. The influence of parameters affecting the emulsion formation, such as emulsification time, viscosity for the disc system, pressure, and homogenizing steps for high-pressure homogenization, was investigated. Data to determine the effect of the surfactant type and concentration were collected for both systems. The emulsification process using a disc system was evaluated in order to highlight its advantages and limits in comparison to high-pressure homogenization. The formation of emulsions consisting of water, corn oil, and nonionic surfactants using disc systems and high-pressure homogenizers and the effect of different process variables on the droplet size distribution were investigated. Emulsification processes with high-pressure homogenization can lead to emulsions or even to nanoemulsions depending on the selected technical parameters.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
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    Technological Aspects of Nanoemulsion Formation of Low-Fat Foods Enriched with Vitamin E by High-Pressure Homogenization (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
    Description: Formation of a low-fat oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion enriched with vitamin E using the nonionic surfactant Tween 40 is studied by means of a high-pressure homogenizer. The effect of different process variables of the emulsification process, including pressure, temperature, and concentration of the emulsifying agent, is evaluated. The relation between pressure and the obtained mean droplet diameter is derived and described by an equation which can be taken as a basis of any process design. The droplet size can be decreased by increasing the vitamin E concentration. A higher fat content slightly affects the droplet size distribution and the mean droplet diameter of the nanoemulsion, so it is recommended to use preparations of nanoemulsions with low fat contents enriched with vitamin E for dietary supplement. Different variables affecting the emulsification process, such as pressure, temperature, and concentration of the emulsifying agent, are evaluated for the formation of a low-fat O/W nanoemulsion with vitamin E using the nonionic surfactant Tween 40. As a result, it is recommended to use preparations of nanoemulsions with low fat contents enriched with vitamin E for dietary supplement.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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