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  • spore germination  (2)
  • Agrobacterium radiobacter  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions betweenLaccaria laccata, Agrobacterium radiobacter and beech roots: Influence on P, K, Mg, and Fe mobilization from minerals and plant growth (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agrobacterium radiobacter ; ectomycorrhiza ; Fagus silvatica L. ; Laccaria laccata ; mica ; organic acids ; P-solubilizing bacteria ; rock phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fagus silvatica L. inoculated or not with the ectomycorrhizal fungusLaccaria laccata and/or a phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacterium,Agrobacterium radiobacter, was cultivated in a greenhouse in lysimeter cylinders containing rock phosphate and a mica (phlogopite) as the only sources of P, Fe, Mg and Al. After two years, beech dry matter and P, Mg, Fe and K uptake were higher for plants inoculated—either withAgrobacterium radiobacter or withLaccaria laccata, but not for those plants inoculated with both micro-organisms—than for uninoculated plants. Mineral element mobilization from rock phosphate and from phlogopite was also greater when plants were inoculated with the bacteria or with the ectomycorrhizal fungi. Such mineral element dissolution can be related to the increased root growth but also to the amount of organic acids released in the rhizosphere. The absence of significant effects of dual inoculation suggested competition between micro-organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206262
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cd-tolerant arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from heavy-metal polluted soils (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cadmium ; ecotypes ; AM fungi ; Glomus mosseae ; heavy metals ; soil pollution ; spore germination ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were isolated from two heavy-metal polluted soils in France via trap culture with leek (Allium porrum L.). Preliminary identification showed that the predominant spore type of both cultures (P2 and Cd40) belongs to the Glomus mosseae group. Their sensitivity to cadmium was compared to a laboratory reference strain (G. mosseae) by in vitro germination tests with cadmium nitrate solutions at a range of concentrations (0 to 100 mg L−1) as well as extracts from a metal-polluted and unpolluted soils. Both cultures of AM fungi from heavy-metal polluted soils were more tolerant to cadmium than the G. mosseae reference strain. The graphically estimated EC50 was 0.8 mg L−1 Cd (concentration added to the test device) for G. mosseae and 7 mg L−1 for P2 culture, corresponding to effective Cd concentrations of approximately 50–70 μg L−1 and 200–500 μg L−1, respectively. The extract of the metal-polluted soil P2 decreased germination of spores from the reference G. mosseae but not from P2 culture. However, the extracts of two unpolluted soils with different physico-chemical characteristics did not affect G. mosseae, whereas germination of P2 spores was markedly decreased in the presence of one of the extracts. These results indicate a potential adaptation of AM fungi to elevated metal concentrations in soil. The tested spores may be considered as metal-tolerant ecotypes. Spore germination results in presence of soil extracts show the difficulty of assessing the ecotoxic effect of metals on AM fungi without considering other soil factors that may interfere in spore germination and hyphal extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011053
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential tolerance to Cd and Zn of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores isolated from heavy metal-polluted and unpolluted soils (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 167 (1994), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: AM fungi ; Glomus ; heavy metals ; spore germination ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from two soils of field trials at INRA-Bordeaux (France) polluted by long-term application of a zinc-polluted sewage sludge (S2 soil) or treated with cadmium nitrate (Cd40 soil) and from corresponding unpolluted soils (F and Cd0 soils). These AM fungi were tested for their tolerance to Cd and Zn added as salt solutions with increasing concentrations (0 to 10 mg L−1) in a simple spore germination device. According to preliminary identification the predominant species in S2 and F cultures was Glomus mosseae, whereas Cd40 and Cd0 cultures contained a mixture of at least G. mosseae and G. etunicatum. Germination of Cd40 spores was more tolerant to Cd and Zn than for Cd0 spores, with EC50 values of 73 and 158 μmol L−1 added Cd and Zn corresponding to approximately 10 and 13 μmol L−1 remaining in solution in the device. The S2 spores from the sludge contaminated soil were more tolerant to Zn (EC50=87 μmol L−1), but not to Cd (EC50=7.5 μmol L−1), than the spores from the farmyard manure-treated F soil (EC50=38 and 8.8 μmol L−1, respectively). Thus, S2 culture exhibited a specific tolerance to Zn, which was lower than the unspecific tolerance of Cd40 culture to both Cd and Zn, despite the much higher Zn availability in S2 soil. These results indicate that AM fungi from different soils may differ in their metal susceptibility and that both metal specific and unspecific tolerance mechanisms may be selected in metal polluted soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007944
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