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  • Aerospace Medicine  (12)
  • Chemical Engineering  (2)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for the study of performance of a single spherical particle with nonuniform catalytic activity (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 935-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240519
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of three component gas diffusion (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 38-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equimolal countercurrent diffusions runs were made in a two bulb diffusion cell with the system hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The initial bulb compositions were chosen so that various types of ternary interactions occurred. These interactions were well-described by the Maxwell-Stefan equations. The average deviation of the experimental mole fractions for all runs from those predicted by the Maxwell-Stefan equations was 0.45 mole %.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690080112
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  • 3
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    Right Ventricular Tissue Doppler in Space Flight (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The presentation slides review normal physiology of the right ventricle in space, general physiology of the right ventricle; difficulties in imaging the heart in space, imaging methods, tissue Doppler spectrum, right ventricle tissue Doppler, and Rt Tei Index.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-20506
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Acute Hemodynamic Effects of the Braslet-M Device on the International Space Station (2009)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Braslet-M occlusion device is prescribed for cosmonauts as a countermeasure for early phases of spaceflight to temporarily alleviate symptoms associated with the cephalad fluid shift. Using a multipurpose ultrasound (US) device onboard, we assessed the acute hemodynamic effects of the Bracelet-M device on a long duration International Space Station (ISS) crewmember. Methods A combination of just-in-time training and real-time remote expert assistance was used to conduct the imaging procedures. An HDI-5000 imager (Philips, Bothell, WA) was used, provided by the ISS Human Research Facility. Superficial femoral artery (SFA), femoral vein (FV) flow spectra were obtained at mid-thigh level. Left ventricle was imaged through the apical 4-chamber view, with Color M-Mode to measure propagation velocity (V (p)). After 10 minutes of Bracelet-M use, data collection was repeated. All data were transmitted in DICOM format to ground for analysis. Results With Braslet-M, cardiac V(p) slope decreased (56ms to 42ms). A stagnation signature in the FV was seen suggesting impeded flow (rouleaux formation, too-low-to-measure velocity, and increase in diameter). Quadri-phasic flow in SFA was seen both before and after Braslet-M application. Velocities in the SFA decreased with Braslet-M (65cm/sec to 52cm/sec) and so did the time velocity integrals (16.97 to 12.4); the flow pattern spoke of resistivity increase in the vascular bed. Conclusion In the long duration ISS crewmember we observed effects of lower extremity venous occlusion through both central and peripheral indicators. A part of circulating volume transferred to peripheral potential vascular space. Impediment to venous outflow was demonstrated objectively, with a commensurate change in the flow pattern of the main feeding artery. Central volume reduction caused lower V(p). Additional studies are warranted to determine the time course of the changes and the dynamics in interstitial fluid sequestration, as well as the safe levels and duration of the compression forces.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-19033 , Aerospace Medicine Association Annual meeting; May 09, 2010 - May 13, 2010; Phoenix, AZ; United States
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Incorporating Research Findings into Standards and Requirements for Space Medicine (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Vision for Exploration has been the catalyst for NASA to refocus its life sciences research. In the future, life sciences research funded by NASA will be focused on answering questions that directly impact setting physiological standards and developing effective countermeasures to the undesirable physiological and psychological effects of spaceflight for maintaining the health of the human system. This, in turn, will contribute to the success of exploration class missions. We will show how research will impact setting physiologic standards, such as exposure limits, outcome limits, and accepted performance ranges. We will give examples of how a physiologic standard can eventually be translated into an operational requirement, then a functional requirement, and eventually spaceflight hardware or procedures. This knowledge will be important to the space medicine community as well as to vehicle contractors who, for the first time, must now consider the human system in developing and constructing a vehicle that can achieve the goal of success.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Aerospace Medical Association Conference; May 14, 2006 - May 18, 2006; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Cardiac and Vascular Responses to Thigh Cuffs and Respiratory Maneuvers on Crewmembers of the International Space Station (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The transition to microgravity eliminates the hydrostatic gradients in the vascular system. The resulting fluid redistribution commonly manifests as facial edema, engorgement of the external neck veins, and a decrease in leg diameter. This experiment examined the responses to modified Valsalva and Mueller maneuvers measured by cardiac and vascular ultrasound (ECHO) in a baseline steady state and during preload reduction introduced with thigh occlusion cuffs used as a counter-measure device (Braslet cuffs) measured by cardiac and vascular ultrasound examinations. Methods: Nine International Space Station crewmember subjects (Expeditions 16 - 20) were examined in 15 experiment sessions 101 +/- 46.days after launch (mean +/- SD; 33 - 185). Twenty Seven cardiac and vascular parameters were obtained with/without respiratory maneuvers before and after tightening of the Braslet cuffs. Results: Non-physicians performed diagnostic-quality cardiac and vascular ultrasound examinations using remote guidance. Three of 27 combinations of maneuvers and Braslet or Braslet alone were identified as being significant changed when compared to baseline. Eleven of 81 differences between combinations of Mueller, Valsalva or baseline were significant and related to cardiac preload reduction or increase in lower extremity venous volume. Conclusions: Acute application of Braslet occlusion cuffs causes lower extremity fluid sequestration and exerts commensurate measurable effects on cardiac performance in microgravity. Ultrasound techniques to measure the hemodynamic effects of thigh cuffs in combination with respiratory maneuvers may serve as an invaluable tool in determining the volume status of the cardiac patient at the 'microgravity bedside'.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-23468 , 18th IAA Humans in Space Symposium; Apr 11, 2011 - Apr 15, 2011; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Diagnostic Imaging in the Medical Support of the Future Missions to the Moon (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This viewgraph presentation is a course that reviews the diagnostic imaging techniques available for medical support on the future moon missions. The educational objectives of the course are to: 1) Update the audience on the curreultrasound imaging in space flight; 2) Discuss the unique aspects of conducting ultrasound imaging on ISS, interplanetary transit, ultrasound imaging on ISS, interplanetary transit, and lunar surface operations; and 3) Review preliminary data obtained in simulations of medical imaging in lunar surface operations.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: 79th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association; May 13, 2007 - May 17, 2007; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Organization and Management of the International Space Station (ISS) Multilateral Medical Operations (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The goal of this work is to review the principles, design, and function of the ISS multilateral medical authority and the medical support system of the ISS Program. Multilateral boards and panels provide operational framework, direct, and supervise the ISS joint medical operational activities. The Integrated Medical Group (IMG) provides front-line medical support of the crews. Results of ongoing activities are reviewed weekly by physician managers. A broader status review is conducted monthly to project the state of crew health and medical support for the following month. All boards, panels, and groups function effectively and without interruptions. Consensus prevails as the primary nature of decisions made by all ISS medical groups, including the ISS medical certification board. The sustained efforts of all partners have resulted in favorable medical outcomes of the initial fourteen long-duration expeditions. The medical support system appears to be mature and ready for further expansion of the roles of all Partners, and for the anticipated increase in the size of ISS crews.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: 16th IAA Humans in Space Symposium; May 20, 2007 - May 25, 2007; Beijing; China
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Validation of On-Orbit Methodology for the Assessment of Cardiac Function and Changes in the Circulating Volume Using Ultrasound and "Braslet-M" Occlusion Cuffs (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent advances in remotely guided imaging techniques on ISS allow the acquisition of high quality ultrasound data using crewmember operators with no medical background and minimal training. However, ongoing efforts are required to develop and validate methodology for complex imaging protocols to ensure their repeatability, efficiency, and suitability for use aboard the ISS. This Station Developmental Test Objective (SDTO) tests a cardiovascular evaluation methodology that takes advantage of the ISS Ultrasound capability, the Braslet-M device, and modified respiratory maneuvers (Valsalva and Mueller), to broaden the spectrum of anatomical and functional information on human cardiovascular system during long-duration space missions. The proposed methodology optimizes and combines new and previously demonstrated methods, and is expected to benefit medically indicated assessments, operational research protocols, and data collections for science. Braslet-M is a current Russian operational countermeasure that compresses the upper thigh to impede the venous return from lower extremities. The goal of the SDTO is to establish and validate a repeatable ultrasound-based methodology for the assessment of a number of cardiovascular criteria in microgravity. Braslet-M device is used as a means to acutely alter volume distribution while focused ultrasound measurements are performed. Modified respiratory maneuvers are done upon volume manipulations to record commensurate changes in anatomical and functional parameters. The overall cardiovascular effects of the Braslet-M device are not completely understood, and although not a primary objective of this SDTO, this effort will provide pilot data regarding the suitability of Braslet-M for its intended purpose, effects, and the indications for its use.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Human Research Program Investigators'' Workshop; Feb 04, 2008 - Feb 06, 2008; League City, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Right Ventricular Tissue Doppler in Space Flight (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Tissue Doppler (TD) registers movement of a given sample of cardiac tissue throughout the cardiac cycle. TD spectra of the right ventricle (RV) were obtained from a long-duration ISS crewmember as a portion of an ongoing experiment ("Braslet" test objective). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RV TD conducted in space flight, and the data represent reproducibility and fidelity of this application in space and serve as the first "space normal" data set. Methods RV TD was performed by astronaut scientists remotely guided by an ultrasound expert from Mission Control Center, Houston, TX. In four of the subjects, RV TD was acquired from the free wall near the tricuspid annulus in two separate sessions 4 to 7 days apart. A fifth subject had only one session. All digital DICOM frames were exported for off-line analysis. Systolic (S ), early diastolic (E ) and late diastolic (A ) velocities were measured. RV Tei-index was calculated using diastolic and systolic time intervals as a combined measure of myocardial performance. Results and Discussion The mean values from the first 4 subjects (8 sessions) were used as the on-orbit reference data, and subject 5 was considered as a hypothetical patient for comparison (see Table). The greatest difference was in the early diastolic A (31 %) yet the standard deviation (a) for A amongst the reference subjects was 2.25 (mean = 16.02). Of interest is the Tei index, a simple and feasible indicator of overall ventricular function; it was similar amongst all the subjects. The late diastolic A seems to compensate for the variance in E . Normal Tei index for the RV is 〈 0.3, yet our data show all but one subject consistently above this level, notwithstanding their nominal responses to daily exercise in microgravity. These data remind us that the physiology of RV preload in altered gravity environments is still not completely understood.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-19030 , Aerospace Medicine Association Annual Meeting; May 09, 2010 - May 13, 2010; Phoenix, AZ; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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