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  • 1
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    Human oocytes reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: The exchange of the oocyte's genome with the genome of a somatic cell, followed by the derivation of pluripotent stem cells, could enable the generation of specific cells affected in degenerative human diseases. Such cells, carrying the patient's genome, might be useful for cell replacement. Here we report that the development of human oocytes after genome exchange arrests at late cleavage stages in association with transcriptional abnormalities. In contrast, if the oocyte genome is not removed and the somatic cell genome is merely added, the resultant triploid cells develop to the blastocyst stage. Stem cell lines derived from these blastocysts differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers, and a pluripotent gene expression program is established on the genome derived from the somatic cell. This result demonstrates the feasibility of reprogramming human cells using oocytes and identifies removal of the oocyte genome as the primary cause of developmental failure after genome exchange.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noggle, Scott -- Fung, Ho-Lim -- Gore, Athurva -- Martinez, Hector -- Satriani, Kathleen Crumm -- Prosser, Robert -- Oum, Kiboong -- Paull, Daniel -- Druckenmiller, Sarah -- Freeby, Matthew -- Greenberg, Ellen -- Zhang, Kun -- Goland, Robin -- Sauer, Mark V -- Leibel, Rudolph L -- Egli, Dieter -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7367):70-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blastocyst/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Germ Layers/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Oocyte Donation ; Oocytes/*cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Primary Cell Culture ; Transcription, Genetic ; Triploidy ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental and theoretical determination of concentration profiles and influence of particle characteristics in blowing snow (1995)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 16 (1995), S. 695-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: Blowing snow ; airborne particles ; saltation ; diffusion ; image processing ; concentration profile ; fall velocity ; threshold friction velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Snow drift transport may cause avalanches on the roads during the periods of snowfall and strong wind. To better understand the factors influencing transport we have developed a theoretical model. This model is based on the boundary layer theory, where the particle mass conservation is considered. Assuming that the saturation is reached, the concentration profile can be represented by a negative exponential law. By means of this analysis, the influence of particle characteristics is explored through the roles of threshold friction velocity and fall velocity. Using fluid mechanics laws, an analysis of the concentration profile resulting from the effect of the wind on a particle bed was also developed. For several velocities of flow and for different kinds of particles an experimental determination of the concentration profile was achieved. We used a laser visualisation and image processing technique to carry out these experiments. The obtained results fit with the values predicted by the theoretical model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665749
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On motivating the Mitchell-Todd modification of Karmarkar's algorithm for LP problems with free variables (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 84 (1995), S. 675-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Linear programming ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; free variables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note, we first observe that the Morshedi-Tapia interpretation of the Karmarkar algorithm naturally offers an extension of the Karmarkar subproblem scaling to problems with free variables. We then note that this extended scaling is precisely the scaling suggested by Mitchell and Todd for problems with free variables. Mitchell and Todd gave no motivation for or justification of this extended scaling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02191992
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