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  • Stress transfer  (2)
  • Active fault segments  (1)
  • Earth System Sciences.  (1)
  • Historic earthquake  (1)
  • 1
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Geochemistry. ; Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geochemistry. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Tsunami hazard along the Eastern African coast from mega-earthquake sources in the Indian Ocean -- Preliminary tsunami hazard map of Africa -- The AD 365 Crete earthquake/tsunami impact in the Mediterranean region -- The AD 365 Alexandria (Egypt) tsunami revisited -- Seismotectonics of the Easternmost Cyprus Arc: Implications for Tsunami Hazard Assessment -- Seismic Hazard and Risk in Africa, a hidden hazard in an extreme vulnerable context -- Seismotectonics of the Khurutse Region, Botswana -- Kinematic and elastic modelling of fault-related-folds:‎ A study from active structures of the Tell Atlas ‎(Northern Algeria)‎ -- Magmatic rifting and seismicity in Afar and northern Main Ethiopian Rift -- Architecture and evolution of the Kivu rift within the western branch of the East African rift system: Implications for seismic hazard assessment.
    Abstract: This edited book is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia, in 2019. It is of interest to all researchers practicing geophysics/seismology, structural, and petroleum geology. With four sections spanning a large spectrum of geological and geophysical topics with particular reference to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa, this book presents a series of research methods that are nowadays in use for measuring, quantifying, and analyzing several geological domains. It starts with a subsection dedicated to the latest research studies on seismic hazard and risk assessment in Africa presented during the 2019 IGCP-659 meeting organized alongside the CAJG-2. And, it includes new research studies on earthquake geodesy, seismotectonics, archeoseismology and active faulting, well logging methods, geodesy and exploration/theoretical geophysics, petroleum geochemistry, petroleum engineering, structural geology, basement architecture and potential data, tectonics and geodynamics, and thermicity, petroleum, and other georesources. The edited book gives insights into the fundamental questions that address the genesis and evolution of our planet, and this is based on data collection and experimental investigations under physical constitutive laws. These multidisciplinary approaches combined with the geodynamics of tectonic provinces and investigations of potential zones of natural resources (petroleum reservoirs) provide the basis for a more sustainability in the economic development. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXV, 671 p. 431 illus., 401 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030730260
    Series Statement: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: In the past, several destructive earthquakes have occurred in the North African Atlas Mountain ranges located along the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary. Although the region is rich with impressive archaeological sites, including those in modern Tunisia, few comprehensive archaeoseismological studies have been conducted. Historic sources account at least three damaging earthquakes in the Kairouan area in central Tunisia between AD 859 and 1041. Little is known about which faults triggered these earthquakes or the size of these events. The water supply of the city of Kairouan depended on a 32-km-long aqueduct with a large bridge (now partially collapsed) at the confluence of the de Mouta and Cherichira rivers. The original bridge of Roman construction was retrofitted twice during the Aghlabid period (AD 800–903) and probably in AD 995 during the Fatimid period. The ruined section of the bridge shows damage which might be related to the AD 859 earthquake shaking. Here, we present a detailed study of the history, the status and the damage of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge using previous historic accounts and written works, a 3D laser scan model, local geological and seismological characteristics, and include results of radiocarbon dating and a timeline of events. In addition to earthquake ground motions, we consider severe flash floods on the bridge as a potential cause of the damage. We estimate the severity of such flash floods and develop a model with 18 earthquake scenarios on local reverse and strike-slip faults with magnitudes between MW 6.1 and 7.2. While a few damage patterns might be indicative of flooding, most damage can be attributed to earthquakes. It is highly probable that the earthquake in AD 859 caused enough damage to the Aghlabid bridge to render it dysfunctional; however, to resolve the question of whether another earthquake in AD 911 or 1041 caused the complete destruction of the previously retrofitted aqueduct by the Fatimids requires dating of additional sections of the bridge.
    Description: Universität zu Köln (1017)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Archaeoseismology ; Cherichira aqueduct ; Kairouan ; Historic earthquake ; Flash flood ; Laser scan ; Dating ; Synthetic seismogram
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): B03305, doi:10.1029/2010JB007654.
    Description: The essential features of stress interaction among earthquakes on en echelon thrusts and tear faults were investigated, first through idealized examples and then by study of thrust faulting in Algeria. We calculated coseismic stress changes caused by the 2003 Mw = 6.9 Zemmouri earthquake, finding that a large majority of the Zemmouri afterslip sites were brought several bars closer to Coulomb failure by the coseismic stresses, while the majority of aftershock nodal planes were brought closer to failure by an average of ∼2 bars. Further, we calculated that the shallow portions of the adjacent Thenia tear fault, which sustained ∼0.25 m slip, were brought 〉2 bars closer to failure. We calculated that the Coulomb stress increased by 1.5 bars on the deeper portions of the adjacent Boumerdes thrust, which lies just 10–20 km from the city of Algiers; both the Boumerdes and Thenia faults were illuminated by aftershocks. Over the next 6 years, the entire south dipping thrust system extending 80 km to the southwest experienced an increased rate of seismicity. The stress also increased by 0.4 bar on the east Sahel thrust fault west of the Zemmouri rupture. Algiers suffered large damaging earthquakes in A.D. 1365 and 1716 and is today home to 3 million people. If these shocks occurred on the east Sahel fault and if it has a ∼2 mm/yr tectonic loading rate, then enough loading has accumulated to produce a Mw = 6.6–6.9 shock today. Thus, these potentially lethal faults need better understanding of their slip rate and earthquake history.
    Description: Funding by the U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance of the U.S. Agency for International Development is gratefully acknowledged. Additional funding was provided by the INSU research project ACI Cat‐Nat Risque Sismique de la Région d’Alger. S. Belabbes was supported by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Research.
    Keywords: Earthquake triggering ; Stress transfer ; Zemmouri ; Algeria ; Thrust faults ; Northern Africa
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 35 (2008): L17305, doi:10.1029/2008GL034903.
    Description: The Wenchuan earthquake on the Longmen Shan fault zone devastated cities of Sichuan, claiming at least 69,000 lives. We calculate that the earthquake also brought the Xianshuihe, Kunlun and Min Jiang faults 150–400 km from the mainshock rupture in the eastern Tibetan Plateau 0.2–0.5 bars closer to Coulomb failure. Because some portions of these stressed faults have not ruptured in more than a century, the earthquake could trigger or hasten additional M 〉 7 earthquakes, potentially subjecting regions from Kangding to Daofu and Maqin to Rangtag to strong shaking. We use the calculated stress changes and the observed background seismicity to forecast the rate and distribution of damaging shocks. The earthquake probability in the region is estimated to be 57–71% for M ≥ 6 shocks during the next decade, and 8–12% for M ≥ 7 shocks. These are up to twice the probabilities for the decade before the Wenchuan earthquake struck.
    Description: S. T. and R. S. are grateful for research fellowships at EOST- Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, France. J. L. was supported by the Charles D. Hollister Endowed Fund for Support of Innovative Research at WHOI.
    Keywords: Coulomb stress ; Earthquake probability ; Stress transfer
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/postscript
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/xml
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: A new analysis of high-resolution multibeam and seismic reflection data, collected during several oceanographic expeditions starting from 1999, allowed us to compile an updated morphotectonic map of the North Anatolian Fault below the Sea of Marmara. We reconstructed kinematics and geometries of individual fault segments, active at the time scale of 10 ka, an interval which includes several earthquake cycles, taking as stratigraphic marker the base of the latest marine transgression. Given the high deformation rates relative to sediment supply, most active tectonic structures have a morphological expression at the seafloor, even in presence of composite fault geometries and/or overprinting due to mass-wasting or turbidite deposits. In the frame of the right-lateral strike-slip domain characterizing the North Anatolian fault system, three types of deformation are observed: almost pure strike-slip faults, oriented mainly E–W; NE/SW-aligned axes of transpressive structures; NW/SE-oriented trans-tensional depressions. Fault segmentation occurs at different scales, but main segments develop alongthree major right-lateral oversteps, which delimit main fault branches, from east to west: (i) the transtensive Cinarcik segment; (ii) the Central (East and West) segments; and (iii) the westernmost Tekirdag segment. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the shallow deformation patterns observed by seafloor morphology maps and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles along the entire basin allowed to determine nature and cumulative lengths of individual fault segments. These data were used as inputs for empirical relationships, to estimate maximum expected Moment Magnitudes, obtaining values in the range of 6.8–7.4 for the Central, and 6.9–7.1 for the Cinarcik and Tekirdag segments, respectively. We discuss these findings considering analyses of historical catalogues and available paleoseismological studies for the Sea of Marmara regionto formulate reliable seismic hazard scenarios.
    Description: Published
    Description: 29–44
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: North Anatolian fault · ; Sea of Marmara ; Earthquakes ; Active fault segments ; Marine geophysics ; Seismic hazard ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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