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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The main results of study of the physical and mechanical properties of lunar soil, obtained by laboratory study of samples returned from the moon by Luna 16 and Luna 20, as well as by operation of the self-propelled Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 on the surface of the moon, are analyzed in the report. All studies were carried out by single methods and by means of unified instruments, allowing a confident comparison of the results obtained. The investigations conducted allowed the following values of the main physical-mechanical properties of lunar soil to be determined: in the natural condition the solid density corresponds to the porosity of 0.8; the modal value of the carrying capacity is 0.4 kg/square cm; adhesion is 0.04 to 0.06 kg/square cm; and the internal angle of friction is 20 to 25 degree. The main mechanisms of deformation and destruction of the soil are analyzed in the report, and the relationships between the mechanical properties and physical parameters of the soil are presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington The Soviet-Am. Conf. on Cosmochem. of the Moon and Planets, Pt. 2; p 735-743
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A new method of determination of meteor flux density distribution over the celestial sphere is discussed. The flux density was derived from observations by radar together with measurements of angles of arrival of radio waves reflected from meteor trails. The role of small meteor showers over the sporadic background is shown.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1991; p 17-22
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The impact of a large cosmic body with typical size R approximately = 1 km (mass M approximately = 4-10 Gt for a stony or icy body) moving with velocity V approximately = 50-70 km/s (kinetic energy of the order of 10 exp 21 J or 10 exp 6 Mt of TMT) on the Earth's surface leads to a full vaporization of a body and of a significant part of substance of the upper layers of the Earth and even to the ionization of this vapor cloud. As a result, a hypersonic jet of air and erosion plasma is formed. The kinetic energy E sub J is far above the total energy of the geomagnetic field of the Earth (approximately equivalent to the energy of 100 Mt) and the total mass of a fast-moving part of the jet M sub j approximately = 10 exp 12 kg is far above the mass of atmosphere in the jet expansion cone. Thus, the jet will propagate practically inertially with the constant mean velocity U approximately = 10-20 km/s and even higher. The interaction of this plasma jet with the Earth's magnetic field causes magnetodynamic effects similar to those which are produced by cosmic nuclear explosions but of a larger scale. The preliminary results of experimental and numerical modeling of the plasma jet-magnetosphere interaction are presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1063-1064
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Magnetohydrodynamic simulations have been made of the formation of outflows from a Keplerian disk threaded by a magnetic field. The disk is treated as a boundary condition, where matter is ejected with Keplerian azimuthal speed and poloidal speed less than the slow magnetosonic velocity, and where boundary conditions on the magnetic field correspond to a highly conducting disk. Initially, the space above the disk, the corona, is filled with high specific entropy plasma in thermal equilibrium in the gravitational potential of the central object. The initial magnetic field is poloidal and is represented by a superposition of monopoles located below the plane of the disk. The rotation of the disk twists the initial poloidal magnetic field, and this twist propagates into the corona pushing and collimating matter into jetlike outflow in a cylindrical region. Matter outflowing from the disk flows and accelerates in the z-direction owing to both the magnetic and pressure gradient forces. The flow accelerates through the slow magnetosonic and Alfven surfaces and at larger distances through the fast magnetosonic surface. The flow velocity of the jet is approximately parallel to the z-axis, and the collimation results from the pinching force of the toroidal magnetic field. For a nonrotating disk no collimation is observed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 439; 2; p. L39-L42
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It has been established that the product of the reaction of N-pentafluorophenylcarbonimidoyl dichloride (1) with dibenzylamine, viz. N2-pentafluorophenyl-N1,N1-dibenzylchloroformamidine (4a) is a Z-isomer, whereas according to the concept of stereoelectronic control one might have expected a product with E-configuration. The heat of formation and the geometry of Z- and E isomer of N2-pentafluorophenyl-N1,N1-diethylchloroformamidine (4b) (the latter is a product of the reaction of 1 with diethylamine) were calculated with the semi-empirical MNDO method. The calculated geometry of (Z)-4b was found to be in a good agreement with the experimentally determined structure of 4a. The formation of (Z)-4b is more preferable energetically than that of (E)-4b; the calculated difference in the heats of formation is 2·8 kcal mol-1. Thermodynamic control of the reaction stereochemistry is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes of Iron with Aromatic LigandsThe reaction of FeCl3 · 6 H2O with several substituted o-phenylene diamines forms complexes of the Fe(II)-ion with o-quinone diimines. Before the formation of these complexes there are a few of redox reactions between Fe(III)ions and the diamines. The Fe(III)/o-quinone diimine-complex is an intermediate which was characterized by means of spectroscopic methods. The two forms of 6-oxy-7-nitrosobenzthiazoline produce only one 1:3 complex with Fe(II)ions. Also the N-methyl-6-oxy-7-nitrosobenzthiazolium iodide forms a 1:3 complex. In the former complex the quinone-oxim-form is the ligand. The isolated complexes were characterized through elemental analysis and physical methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 318 (1976), S. 923-929 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on the Kinetics and the Reaction Heat of the Cyclotrimerization of Aryl CyanatesThe kinetics and the reaction enthalpy of the polycyclotrimerization of 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane in ditolylmethane solution were investigated by means of direct calorimetry, varying the concentration of the catalyst (chromium(III) acetyl acetonate) and of the monomer as well as the reaction temperature, the water content of the solvent, and the amount of added acetyl acetone.The maximum reaction rate is proportional to the monomer concentration, to the square root of the concentration of the catalyst, and to the water content. It is inversely proportional to the amount of water added.Presumably, water participates in the formation of the active species of the catalyst, and the autocatalytic nature of the polycyclotrimerization of 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane in presence of chromium acetylacetonate is due to accumulation of the latter during reaction.
    Notes: Mittels direkter Kalorimetrie wird die Kinetik und der Wärmeeffekt der Polycyclotrimerisierung des 2,2-Bis-(4-cyanatophenyl)-propans in einer Ditolylmethanlösung in Abhängigkeit von der Katalysator (Chrom(II)-acetylacetonat)- und Monomerkonzentration sowie der Reaktionstemperatur, dem Wassergehalt des Lösungsmittels und Zusätzen von Acetylaceton zum System untersucht.Es wird gezeigt, daß die maximale Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der Monomerkonzentration, der Quadratwurzel aus der Katalysatorkonzentration und dem Wassergehalt proportional und der Menge an zugesetztem Acetylaceton umgekehrt proportional ist.Es wird angenommen, daß Wasser an der Bildung der aktiven Form des Katalysators teilnimmt und daß der autokatalytische Charakter der Polycyclotrimerisierung des 2,2-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)-propans in Gegenwart von Chromacetylacetonat mit der Anreicherung des letzteren während der Reaktion verbunden ist.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of literature data on the antitumor activity of organotin compounds reveals that R2SnX2 and their complexes containing Sn—O, Sn—N or Sn—S bonds often exhibit biological activity, especially if such bonds are formed by means of intramolecular coordination. Furthermore, a wide range of biological activities, from fungicidal, bactericidal and antiseptic to psychotropic and antitumor, is found to be characteristic for some organic hydroxamic acids (N-acylhydroxylamines). From this point of view the diorgantion bis-hydroxamates in this paper are of particular interest as potential biologically active antitumor drugs. Di-n-butyltin bis(N-methyl-N-p-bromobenzoylhydroxylamine) is being screened for antitumor activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2006-06-13
    Description: The results of two years of SN1987A hard X-ray observations by the HEXE instrument aboard the Kvant module are summarized. By May to June 1989, the hard x-ray flux had declined more than 8.5 times in comparison with the maximum of the x-ray light curve. The upper limit of the ratio of Co-57/Co-56 abundances at the level of ratio of Fe-57/Fe-56 abundances at the Earth is a factor of 1.5.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NAS-NRC, High-Energy Astrophysics. American and Soviet Perspectives; p 368-384
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Research on the primary cosmic radiation and solar cosmic rays from the Luna 10, 11, and 12 artificial lunar satellites is reviewed. Data on the vertical distribution of cosmic rays above the moon's surface are presented, and the albedo for the primary radiation is determined. The fluxes of electrons with energies from 30 to 300 keV were registered in the solar cosmic rays. Rapid variations of the electron flux were observed. The angular distributions of 0.5-10 MeV protons moving together with the corpuscular streams responsible for Forbush decreases were investigated.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 151-173
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