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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New stable microwave plasma passivated a-Si MIS cells with high open circuit voltage (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.60.-j ; 72.80.Ng ; 84.60.Jt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new microwave plasma surface passivation technique has been applied to a-Si∶H type solar cells at various low pressure O2 and H2O atmospheres. Open circuit voltageV OC close to 900 mV and in excess of 900 mV are obtained with Ir, and with Pt, respectively, as continuous barrier metals. The corresponding unpassivated cells (Schottky type solar cells) show considerably lower values ofV OC=650 mV. In contrast to published results involving Ni, Pd, Zr, and other metals as Schottky barriers, we have observed over a period of several months a remarkably good stability of the passivated devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615134
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das kathodische Schutzpotential an Fehlstellen in der Rohrumhüllung und in Korrosionsanfressungen (1968)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cathodic protection potential at defective points in the pipe covering and at pit corrosion zonesCathodic corrosion protection of effectively wrapped pipelines requires low mean current densities only. In principle, Cathodic protection is also practicable for major defective zones. However, the different ohmic voltage drops in front of the metal surface to be protected will at first give rise, in the soil, to a non-homogeneous distribution of the potential which will gradually become homogeneous in the Course of time. With cathodic protection, secondary cover layers containing carbonate are formed at the phase boundary between metal and electrolyte, which result in a decrease in current density.After a short time, the cathodic protection potential can also be detected at the bottom of pit corrosion zones. Normally, the voltage drop between edge and bottom of the pit is small. Following a current failure in a pipeline that has been cathodically protected for years, the pipe/soil potential remains with the cathodic protection range for several days. With intermittent protection current, the corrosion rate is lower than without cathodic protection.
    Notes: Der kathodische Korrosionsschutz gut umhüllter Rohrleitungen erfordert nur geringe mittlere Schutzstromdichten. Auch an größeren Fehlstellen der Rohrumhüllung ist grundsätzlich ein kathodischer Schutz möglich. Vor der zu schützenden Metalloberfläche tritt jedoch zunächst durch unterschiedliche Ohm'sche Spannungsabfälle im Erdboden eine inhomogene Potentialverteilung auf, die sich im Laufe der Zeit ausgleicht. Beim kathodischen Schutz werden an der Phasengrenze Metall/Elektrolyt sekundär carbonathaltige Deckschichten gebildet, die zu einer Verringerung der Stromdichte führen.Das kathodische Schutzpotential ist nach kurzer Zeit auch am Lochboden von Korrosionsanfressungen nachweisbar. Der Spannungsabfall zwischen Lochrand und Lochboden ist normalerweise gering. Beim Stromausfall einer jahrelang kathodisch geschützten Rohrleitung bleibt das Rohd Boden-Potential noch tagelang im kathodischen Schutzbereich. Bei intermittierendem Schutzstrom ist die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit kleiner als ohne kathodischen Schutz.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19680190105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of phenolic resin laminates. I. Laboratory evaluation (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1383-1394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation and properties of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide-catalyzed phenolic resins polymerized in 1-liter glass reactors over a broad range of F/P mole ratios are described. Laminates produced from selected sodium carbonate-catalyzed resins coated on kraft paper are discussed and compared with laminates prepared from standard sodium hydroxide-catalyzed resins. Several apparent advantages of the sodium carbonate-catalyzed resin systems over the sodium hydroxide-catalyzed resins are presented. The superior performance is attributed to the high degree of crosslinking resulting from the high concentration of methylolated phenols present in the sodium carbonate-catalyzed resin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210520
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term stiffening of neoprene pads for the Poseidon missile launch system (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 559-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper1 the development of neoprene formulations and mechanical designs to meet operational requirements for the Poseidon launch tube liner pads were presented. Subsequently, it was found that early development pads aged for three months at room temperature were ∼10% stiffer than the vendor's qualification compression-deflection (C—D) test values. The increase was attributed to a combination of normal elastomer recovery and continued crosslinking due to the original low state of cure of the pads. A program was designed to study the effect of postcure time and temperature on C—D recovery, the effect of carbon black loading on the C—D recovery, and room temperature and accelerated aging at elevated temperature on these effects. Values of the molecular weight between crosslinks (M̄c) were determined experimentally to establish the state of cure. The results of these experiments are presented and discussed. Recommendations are given for reducing C—D variation by modifying carbon black loading and/or postcure conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molded neoprene liner pads for the poseidon missile launcher (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 619-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Neoprene formulations and mechanical designs have been developed to meet special operational requirements for the Poseidon Missile Launch System liner. The liner supports the missile in an aligned position, provides shock mitigation, reacts properly with the missile during launch, and damps vibrations. Operational requirements include static and dynamic compressive stiffness, damping, and water drainability. A mechanical design was evolved that utilized notched, prebuckled struts as supporting members. Compression-deflection characteristics were modified by simultaneous changes in geometrical design and polymer formulation. A study of the effects of variations in polymer compounding and mechanical design on the compressive stiffness, rate sensitivity of the compression-deflection characteristics, and vibrational damping is described. Mold release agents and their role in successful production are discussed.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150310
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on akroflex CD antioxidant loss from neoprene rubber. I. The determination of antioxidant content and the loss mechanism during aging (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3543-3553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An analytical procedure for determining the antioxidant (i.e., Akroflex CD) content in neoprene rubber has been developed. The method is based on the infrared absorption analyses of chloroform extractables from the cured rubber at 1600 cm-1 and 1300 cm-1. Good agreement is found between these two independent sets of measurements. In an attempt to elucidate the antioxidant loss mechanism found with neoprene, thermal aging studies were carried out over the temperature range of 80°-200°C. Using the infrared analytical procedure, antioxidant loss rates at the different temperatures were established. The activation energy value (5.1 kcal/mole) for the loss rate as well as other aging data suggest that the antioxidant is lost by a diffusion mechanism.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070181205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and processing requirements for a shock mitigating phenolic foam (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A high load-bearing shock-mitigating phenolic foam was developed to meet specific compression-deflection and gas permeability requirements. It was required that the foam display an almost constant compressive stress within the limits of 50-68 psi at strains ranging from 10% to 60%. Furthermore, the foam had to possess a highly open-celled structure so that its resistance to gas flow would be minimal. These properties were obtained from a chemical formulation utilizing a combination of two phenolic resins, a phosphoric-sulfuric acid catalyst system, a surfactant combination that included both a hydrophilic and a lipophilic surfactant, and a fluorocarbon blowing agent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of density and structure on load bearing and permeability characteristics of a family of shock mitigating phenolic foams (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of reaction rate and density on the properties of the phenolic foam described in the first paper were studied. Process and formulation variables were examined through altering the basic chemical composition described below, in which all parts are by weight; phenolic resin two component intermediate, 200 parts; hydrophilic surfactant, 0.25 parts; lipophilic surfactant, 0.50 parts; fluorocarbon blowing agent, 12 parts; 47.5 wt % sulfuric acid, 25 parts; and 80 wt % phosphoric acid, 15 parts. Compressive stress values at 20% deflection were utilized for comparing the effects of the studied parameters on the load bearing cabability of the foam. Pressure drop of air flowing through the foam was employed as a measure of the permeability or breathability. Permeability load bearing functions were identified as a potential means for optimizing the relationship between breathability and compression-deflection characteristics. The overall effects of cell structure on the relationship between load bearing and density have been related in a qualitative manner.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of composition and processing conditions on the properties of a series of shock mitigating phenolic foams (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 341-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of variations in the chemical composition and processing conditions of the series of phenolic foams described in the two previous papers were studied. Compressive stiffness and density increased with increasing concentrations of the acid catalysts, the slower reacting phenolic resin component, water, the lipophilic component of the surfactant system, and age of the phenolic resins. These properties decreased with increasing concentration of the fluorocarbon blowing agent and process temperature. The compressive stiffness and density increased to a maximum and then decreased with increasing concentrations of the hydrophilic surfactant. Permeability or “breathability” of the foam decreased with the hydrophilic surfactant at low concentrations and then became essentially independent of further increases of this component. Increasing concentrations of the lipophilic surfactant gave foam having greater breathability. In all other cases the permeability of the foam decreased as its density increased. Effects of the variations in processing and composition on the dependency of load bearing upon density, on relationships between permeability and density and permeability and compressive stiffness, and upon cell structures are also described.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrochemical route to phenol-formaldehyde precursors (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 1193-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With the aid of VPC and NMR, the electroinitiated polymerization of phenol or p-tert-butyl phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of basic electrolytes has been investigated over a range of current densities. Results from an electroinitiation study were contrasted with base-catalyzed thermal polymerizations and, except for yield, found to be essentially invariant. GPC of the electroinitiated and thermally polymerized resins indicates similar results with low molecular weight species of relatively narrow molecular weight distribution being the principal products. An electroinitiation mechanism, in agreement with the mechanism for base-catalyzed thermal polymerization is proposed to describe these experimental results.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120606
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