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  • 1
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    In:  Eos Trans. AGU, Warszawa, Zaklad Geofizyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, vol. 82, no. 47, pp. 565, 570 & 571, pp. L24313, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismology ; Wave propagation ; September ; 11, ; 2001 ; 7212 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Site amplification ; Attenuation ; 6699 ; Public ; issues ; General ; or ; miscellaneous ; 9350 ; Information ; related ; to ; geographic ; region ; North ; America
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Project report/description ; Fault zone ; SAF ; California ; USA ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Strong motions
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  • 3
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    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Stuttgart, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment,, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 1 & 6, pp. L05602, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Seismology ; Tomography ; Trans-European suture zone (Tornquist-Teisseyre zone/line) ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; receiver ; functions ; TOR ; Project report/description
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: [1]  We studied the anatomy of the fault system where the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (M W 6.1) nucleated by means of ~64 k high-precision earthquake locations spanning one year. Data were analyzed by combining an automatic picking procedure for P- and S-waves, together with cross-correlation and double-difference location methods reaching a completeness magnitude for the catalogue equal to 0.7 including 425 clusters of similar earthquakes. [2]  The fault system is composed by two major faults: the high angle L'Aquila fault and the listric Campotosto fault, both located in the first 10 km of the upper crust. We detect an extraordinary degree of detail in the anatomy of the single fault segments resembling the degree of complexity observed by field geologists on fault outcrops. We observe multiple antithetic and synthetic fault segments tens of meters long in both the hanging-wall and footwall along with bends and cross fault intersections along the main fault and fault splays. [3]  The width of the L'Aquila fault zone varies along strike from 0.3 km where the fault exhibits the simplest geometry and experienced peaks in the slip distribution, up to 1.5 km at the fault tips with an increase in the geometrical complexity. These characteristics, similar to damage zone properties of natural faults, underline the key role of aftershocks in fault growth and coseismic rupture propagation processes. Additionally, we interpret the persistent nucleation of similar events at the seismicity cut-off depth as the presence of a rheological (i.e. creeping) discontinuity explaining how normal faults detach at depth.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-01-11
    Description: Hydrothermal circulation at the axis of mid-ocean ridges affects the chemistry of the lithosphere and overlying ocean, supports chemosynthetic biological communities and is responsible for significant heat transfer from the lithosphere to the ocean. It is commonly thought that flow in these systems is oriented across the ridge axis, with recharge occurring along off-axis faults, but the structure and scale of hydrothermal systems are usually inferred from thermal and geochemical models constrained by the geophysical setting, rather than direct observations. The presence of microearthquakes may shed light on hydrothermal pathways by revealing zones of thermal cracking where cold sea water extracts heat from hot crustal rocks, as well as regions where magmatic and tectonic stresses create fractures that increase porosity and permeability. Here we show that hypocentres beneath a well-studied hydrothermal vent field on the East Pacific Rise cluster in a vertical pipe-like zone near a small axial discontinuity, and in a band that lies directly above the axial magma chamber. The location of the shallow pipe-like cluster relative to the distribution and temperature of hydrothermal vents along this section of the ridge suggests that hydrothermal recharge may be concentrated there as a consequence of the permeability generated by tectonic fracturing. Furthermore, we interpret the band of seismicity above the magma chamber as a zone of hydrothermal cracking, which suggests that hydrothermal circulation may be strongly aligned along the ridge axis. We conclude that models that suggest that hydrothermal cells are oriented across-axis, with diffuse off-axis recharge zones, may not apply to the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tolstoy, M -- Waldhauser, F -- Bohnenstiehl, D R -- Weekly, R T -- Kim, W-Y -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):181-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964-8000, USA. tolstoy@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18185585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: We analyzed 18 high-quality waveform doublets with time separations of up to 35 years in the South Sandwich Islands region, for which the seismic signals have traversed the inner core as PKP(DF). The doublets show a consistent temporal change of travel times at up to 58 stations in and near Alaska, and they show a dissimilarity of PKP(DF) coda. Using waveform doublets avoids artifacts of earthquake mislocations and contamination from small-scale heterogeneities. Our results confirm that Earth's inner core is rotating faster than the mantle and crust at about 0.3 degrees to 0.5 degrees per year.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jian -- Song, Xiaodong -- Li, Yingchun -- Richards, Paul G -- Sun, Xinlei -- Waldhauser, Felix -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1357-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: Two-thirds of Earth's surface is formed at mid-ocean ridges, yet sea-floor spreading events are poorly understood because they occur far beneath the ocean surface. At 9 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise, ocean-bottom seismometers recently recorded the microearthquake character of a mid-ocean ridge eruption, including precursory activity. A gradual ramp-up in activity rates since seismic monitoring began at this site in October 2003 suggests that eruptions may be forecast in the fast-spreading environment. The pattern culminates in an intense but brief (approximately 6-hour) inferred diking event on 22 January 2006, followed by rapid tapering to markedly decreased levels of seismicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tolstoy, M -- Cowen, J P -- Baker, E T -- Fornari, D J -- Rubin, K H -- Shank, T M -- Waldhauser, F -- Bohnenstiehl, D R -- Forsyth, D W -- Holmes, R C -- Love, B -- Perfit, M R -- Weekly, R T -- Soule, S A -- Glazer, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1920-2. Epub 2006 Nov 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. tolstoy@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-04-25
    Description: [1]  The geometry, kinematics, and mode of back-arc extension along the Andaman Sea plate boundary are refined using a new set of significantly improved hypocenters, global CMT solutions, and high-resolution bathymetry. By applying cross-correlation and double-difference algorithms to regional and teleseismic waveforms and arrival times from ISC and NEIC bulletins (1964–2009), we resolve the fine-scale structure and spatio-temporal behavior of active faults in the Andaman Sea. The new data reveal that back-arc extension is primarily accommodated at the Andaman Back-Arc Spreading Center (ABSC) at ~10º, which hosted 3 major earthquake swarms in 1984, 2006, and 2009. Short-term spreading rates estimated from extensional moment tensors account for less than 10% of the long-term 3.0–3.8 cm/yr spreading rate, indicating that spreading by intrusion and the formation of new crust make up for the difference. A spatio-temporal analysis of the swarms and Coulomb-stress modeling show that dike intrusions are the primary driver for brittle failure in the ABSC. While spreading direction is close to ridge-normal, it is oblique to the adjacent transforms. The resulting component of E-W extension across the transforms is expressed by deep basins on either side of the rift and a change to extensional faulting along the West Andaman Fault system after the Mw = 9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004. A possible skew in slip vectors of earthquakes in the eastern part of the ABSC indicates an en-echelon arrangement of extensional structures, suggesting that the present segment geometry is not in equilibrium with current plate-motion demands and thus the ridge experiences ongoing re-adjustment.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-06-22
    Description: On 5 May 2014, a Mw 6.2 strike-slip earthquake occurred in the Mae Lao region of Chiang Rai province in Thailand. This earthquake took place in a region of known faults and caused substantial damage and injuries, although the region had been previously identified as having a relatively low earthquake hazard. Detailed field reconnaissance and deployment of a dense, temporary, network of broadband seismometers allowed details of the damage and its relationship to seismicity to be analyzed. The aftershock sequence associated with this main shock occurs on two well-defined trends, reflecting the two potential fault planes in earthquake mechanisms for the main shock and the majority of the aftershocks. The damage area was relatively large for an event of this magnitude, but building damage was largely limited to the primary rupture region, while liquefaction and other ground failure is spatially associated with the rupture area and along regional rivers. Stress modeling, combined with the time-series and pattern of aftershock activity, lead us to propose that slip near the northern termination of the main shock rupture continued slightly onto a conjugate fault, helping to trigger the distinct pattern of two discrete, conjugate trends of aftershock activity that mirror the kinematics of the main shock fault mechanism
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Melatonin ; human-pineal gland ; aging ; sexual maturation ; SAD ; major depressive syndrome ; immunology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During the last decade we have learned much on physiological changes in the secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) in man. Reportedly, there is little or no MLT secreted before age 3 months. Then MLT production commences, becmes circadian, and reaches highest nocturnal levels at the age of 1–3 years. During all of childhood nocturnal peak levles drop progressively by 80% until adult levels are reached. This alteration appears to be the consequence of increasing body size in face of constant MLT production during childhood. The biological significance of this MLT alteration is presently unknown. Because of conceptual considerations, major depressive syndrome (MDS) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) have been in the focus of pineal research for several years. Although in these disorders alterations in MLT levels could not be substantiated, light therapy, a consequence of this research, was discovered as an effective treatment for SAD and perhaps for MDS. In addition, there is some recent evidence for low MLT levels in schizophrenia. Finally, the potential effect of MLT in neuroimmunoendocrine interactions is presently explored. Reportedly, in vitro studies and animal experiments give evidence for a modulatory role of MLT in the immune response. However, the exact way of this possible action of MLT remains to be clarified. Clinical studies are too scant for a meaningful estimation of MLT's involvement in human neuroimmunoendocrine interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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