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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ethanol dehydration and critical point drying on fish tissue culture cell membrane elemental composition by scanning electron microscopy/X-ray microanalysis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 259-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280310
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro and in vivo actions of zinc ion affecting cellular substances which influence host metabolic responses to inflammationIn conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,” as promulgated by the Committee on the Revision of the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council. The facilities are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal CareThe views of the authors do not purport to reflect the positions of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glycogen-stimulated rabbit peritoneal exudate cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN) produce prostaglandins (PG) and substances which induce alterations (mediators) in experimental animals characteristics of host metabolic responses to infection and other acute inflammatory stresses. The effect of Zn2+ on mediator production and PG synthesis was examined because: Zn homeostasis is perturbed during infection, Zn is known to regulate some cellular functions, and there appears to be an interrelationship between PG synthesis and mediator productionUsing exudate cells, 2 mM Zn2+ causec complete inhibition of in vitro PG synthesis as assessed by conversion of [1-14C] arachidonic acid into PG. This concentration of Zn2+ also inhibited production of substances mediating plasma Zn depression, hepatic amino acid "uptake," fever, and neutrophil release from bone marrow. Conversely, Zn2+ did not inhibit in vivo metabolic responses to these mediators. Zn-pretreatment of rabbits or simultaneous injection of Zn2+ and crude PMN-derived pyrogenic activity resulted in prolongation of fever. It is suggested that this action of Zn2+ may be attributed to either stabilization of cyclic AMP through inhibition of phosphodiesterase or a Zn-mediator interaction which stabilizes crude endogenous pyrogenThe potential physiological significance of these results includes: possible potentiation of the host's defense mechanisms by Zn2+ and its utilization for prolongation of fever to determine its effect on potentially temperature-dependent host defense mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950114
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of resistance to 2-deoxy-D-glucose in pig kidney cellsSupported by grants GM-06025 and GM-13692, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Variants resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose have been isolated from a clonal line of pig kidney cells by serial cultivation in the presence of inhibitor. Hexokinase activity may be affected directly in this system, since the oxidation of glucose to 6-phosphogluconate by extracts from sensitive and resistant cells is blocked by the addition of 2-deoxy-glucose to the reaction mixture. This blockage was removed by the addition of glucose-6-phosphate to the system, but not by ATP. Resistant cells were found to accumulate significantly less 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate than sensitive cells. The rate of phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose, however, was higher in extracts from the resistant line. Alkaline phosphatase does not account for the reduced level of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate since this enzyme is not detectable in sensitive or resistant pig kidney cells. Increased acid phosphatase activity was observed in resistant cells, but extracts with high acid phosphatase activity proved incapable of hydrolyzing either 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate or glucose-6-phosphate. In comparative growth studies, cells resistant to 2-deoxyglucose proliferated more extensively than sensitive cells in a low glucose nutrient. They removed glucose more effectively from this medium, and were less stimulated by the addition of intermediates from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The evidence suggests that resistance to 2-deoxyglucose in the cells under study may be based on the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate at concentrations of glucose too low to support the growth of sensitive cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040710105
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA-mediated transformation of mammalian cells in culture. Increased transforming efficiency following sonicationThis work was supported, in part, by USPHS Research grants RO1-CA04534 from the National Cancer Institute and RO1-GM14514 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 75 (1970), S. 137-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A series of 100 experiments was completed to determine if DNA is capable of transforming the genotype of a murine lymphoma (P388) in cell culture. The test system was concerned with the transformation of cells from 8-azaguanine (AZG) sensitivity to resistance. By the use of this marker, it was determined that transformation by DNA did occur, and that the efficiency of transformation was greatly increased by sonication of the DNA. A statistical analysis of 100 experiments demonstrated that the increase in the number of resistant cells after treatment with sonicated resistant DNA (R-DNA) was statistically significant (χ2 〉 4.25, 0.05 〉 p 〉 0.02) in 66% of the experiments. DNA from sensitive parental cells and DNA from other sources produced no effect while DNase and UV treatment abrogated effective transformation by either sonicated or nonsonicated R-DNA. RNase was without effect.Sucrose gradient analysis of sonicated and nonsonicated R-DNA demonstrated that the peaks which correspond to the highest specific transforming activity are not altered by sonication and do not coincide with the OD260 peaks, in spite of the fact that sonication shifted the peak of maximum OD260 to a slower sedimenting region of the gradient. The major portion, however, of the transforming material did shift after sonication to the slower sedimenting region of the gradient and did coincide with the OD260 peak.The hereditary stability of the transformed cells was established by cloning a representative number of transformants, growing them in the absence of AZG for an extended period and then testing their ability to grow in graded concentrations of AZG. In addition, DNA extracted from transformants successfully transformed sensitive cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040750202
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling: Evidence for the participation of both cumulus cells and oocytes (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 6 (1982), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: oocyte maturation ; cumulus oophorus ; gonadotropins ; intercellular coupling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cumulus cells are metabolically coupled to oocytes via heterologous gap junctions. This coupling terminates near the time of ovulation, and the termination appears to be correlated with the mucification of the cumulus cells lying immediately adjacent to the oocytes. The first objective of this project was to determine whether follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) induction of cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling could occur independently of FSH-stimulated cumulus mucification (expansion). Intercellular coupling was measured as a percentage of radiolabeled choline (or its metabolites) that was incorporated into the oocyte relative to the total amount of radiolabel incorporated into the entire cumulus cell-oocyte complex. It was found that the complete suppression of FSH-stimulated cumulus expansion with chondroitin sulfate B had no suppressive effect on FSH-stimulated cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling. This finding showed that FSH-stimulated cumulus expansion was not required for cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling. Since 17β-estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone could not induce maximal cumulus cell uncoupling, it was concluded that the uncoupling-promoting action of FSH was probably not mediated by steroid hormones.A partial uncoupling of cumulus cells and oocytes was found when spontaneous oocyte maturation had occurred in the absence of FSH. This partial uncoupling was prevented by incubation of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes in concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) or 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine (IBMX) (0.25 and 0.10 mM respectively) that suppressed spontaneous oocyte maturation without inducing cumulus expansion. These inhibitors also prevented the maximal induction of uncoupling that would have been provoked by biological grade preparations of either FSH or luteinizing hormone (LH). It was concluded that two factors were required to bring about maximal cumulus cell-oocyte uncoupling: one factor was dependent upon the action of gonadotropins on cumulus cell function, the other factor appeared to be a function of the oocytes, since maximal uncoupling could occur only after the germinal vesicles had broken down.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120060208
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of semen preservation on boar spermatozoa head membranes (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 23 (1989), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: boar ; spermatozoa ; membrane fluidity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Head plasma membranes were isolated from the sperm-rich fraction of boar semen and from sperm-rich semen that had been subjected to three commercial preservation processes: Ex tended for fresh insemination (extended), prepared for freezing but not frozen (cooled), and stored frozen for 3-5 weeks (frozen-thawed). Fluorescence polarization was used to determine fluidity of the membranes of all samples for 160 min at 25°C and also for membranes from the sperm-rich and extended semen during cooling and reheating (25 to 5 to 40°C, 0.4°C/min). Head plasma membranes from extended semen were initially more fluid than from other sources (P 〈 0.05). Fluidity of head membranes from all sources decreased at 25°C, but the rate of decrease was significantly lower for membranes from cooled and lower again for membranes from frozen-thawed semen. Cooling to 5°C reduced the rate of fluidity change for plasma membranes from the spernvrich fraction, while heating over 30°C caused a signifi cantly greater decrease. The presence of Ca++ (10 mM) lowered the fluidity of the head plasma membranes from sperm-rich and extended semen over time at 25°C but did not affect the membranes from the cooled or frozen-thawed semen. The change in head plasma membrane fluidity at 25°C may reflect the dynamic nature of spermatozoa membranes prior to fertilization. Extenders, preservation processes and temperature changes have a strong influence on head plasma membrane fluidity and therefore the molecular organization of this membrane.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120230409
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of growth factors on cell cycle arrest in dolichyl phosphate-depleted cultures (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 155 (1993), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previously we showed that CHO cell growth is arrested in the G1 or G0 phase within 24 h after the biosynthesis of mevalonic acid is blocked. The growth-limiting factor under these conditions appeared to be dolichyl phosphate or one of its glycosylated derivatives with consequent decrease in the synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins (Doyle, J.W., and A.A. Kandutsch, 1988, J. Cell Physiol. 137:133-140; Kabakoff, B., J.W. Doyle, and A.A. Kandutsch, 1990, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 276:382-389). We show herein that cell surface glycoproteins are depleted in the inhibited cultures and that growth arrest is delayed when supraphysiological concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bFGF are added to the culture medium. Apparently an elevated level of a growth factor increases the length of time during which a threshold level of occupied receptor is maintained as the number of glycosylated receptor molecules declines. The results support the idea that cellular levels of dolichyl phosphate and its derivatives may limit cell division by controlling the numbers of functional receptors for growth factors and of other glycoproteins on the cell surface. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041550122
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute exposure to air ions (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 6 (1985), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: air ions ; DC electric fields ; brain catecholamines ; dopamine ; norepinephrine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Exposure to air ions has been reported to influence serotonin (5HT), although critical reviews of these studies and previous measurements in our laboratory of the concentration, release, and utilization of brain 5HT indicate that neither the data nor the interpretations of the data are particularly convincing. Measurements of other possibly relevant neuro-transmitter systems - norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) - were made in brain regions selected because of their importance in the modulation of brain functions relating to motivation, arousal, endocrine function, and motor activity, all responses that have been reported to be influenced by air ion exposure. Results indicate that exposure of male Holtzman rats to high concentrations (5.0 × 105/cm3) of positive or negative air ions or to DC electric fields (3.0 kV/m) for periods up to 66 h failed to affect the concentration of NE or DA significantly in any of the brain regions.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250060408
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion exposure chambers for small animals (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ion exposure chamber ; ion concentration ; current density ; electric field ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Ion exposure chambers that have been designed and tested for use in biological and behavioral research with small animals are described in this report. The chambers exhibit an acceptable degree of uniformity in ion concentration, current density, and electric field within the exposure area. Gaseous by-products of corona discharge (O3 and NO2) have been measured and found to be 〈 .01 ppm and 〈 .1 ppm, respectively. Filtered air is fed to the individual exposure chambers, and temperature and humidity are well controlled. Noise due to corona and the air delivery system has been measured.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250070102
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave radiation absorption in the rat: Frequency-dependent SAR distribution in body and tail (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 6 (1985), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwave ; SAR ; hotspots ; dose distribution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Experiments were conducted using twin-well calorimetry to determine the averaged whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) for rat carcasses exposed to 360, 700, 915, and 2,450 MHz CW radiation in an anechoic chamber. All exposures were done with the long axis of the rat in an E-polarization. Additional experiments were conducted using a fiber optical temperature probe to determine local SAR in the brain, esophagus, colon, rectum, and tail during microwave exposure. The whole-body averaged SAR for the radiation frequencies examined follows a nonmonotonic function with 700 MHz as the resonant frequency. This result agrees with previous analytical estimates. Local SARs within the body and tail are nonuniform with significant frequency-specific hotspots in the colon, rectum, and tail.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250060211
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