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  • 550 - Earth sciences  (7)
  • Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects  (3)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 212 (1992), S. 99-107 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sacculus of Oreochromis niloticus is anatomically separated from the utriculus and semicircular canals. The saccular wall is composed of the sensory epithelium, transitional epithelia, and squamous epithelium. Cellular granules are abundant in the sensory and transitional epithelia but scarce in the squamous epithelium. Over the dorsal side of the dorsal transitional epithelium there exists an oval patch of cells with distinctive microvilli. New finding is a shallow groove which extends from the anterior end of the sensory epithelium approximately halfway down along the ventral perimacular transitional epithelium. Small vesicles, which appear “empty” under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), are aggregated in the posterior region of the groove. These small vesicles are also present in both the sensory and transitional epithelia. A second kind of vesicle is comparatively large and appears filled with stainable contents. These vesicles are restricted to the sensory region. Both kinds of vesicles appear to be involved in apical secretion and possibly provide the otolithic membrane with fibers. The otolithic membrane is composed of a gelatinuous layer and subcupular meshwork. The meshwork appears to contribute to the formation of the otolith. The small empty vesicles appear to originate in sensory and transitional epithelial cells and may form the subcupular meshwork. The larger filled vesicles are derived predominantly from sensory cells in the sensory epithelium and appear to contribute to the gelatinuous layer of otoliths. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 211 (1992), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An otolith increment is composed of an incremental zone and a discontinous zone. Observation of the otoliths of Oreochromis niloticus with transmission and scanning electron microscopy reveals that organic fibers are concentrated in the discontinuous zone and are relatively scarce in the incremental zone. On the other hand, calcium carbonate crystals are chiefly packed in the incremental zone and are less dense in the discontinuous zone. Both fibers and crystals are oriented perpendicular to the growth increments. Otolith checks, or discontinuities, contain even denser fibers and fewer fine crystals than does the discontinuous zone. A higher proportion of individual fibers is prominently stained in the discontinuous zone and check than in the incremental zone. Other features of individual fibers appear to be the same among the three zones. The crystals on either side of a check or a discontinuous zone resemble each other both in size and orientation. Zonation of protein and mineral components of otoliths can be understood in terms of both incremental growth and the daily cycle of deposition.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-06-19
    Description: Author(s): F. X. Zhang, M. Lang, J. M. Zhang, Z. Q. Cheng, Z. X. Liu, J. Lian, and R. C. Ewing The lanthanide silicate La 9.33 Si 6 O 26 , which has the hexagonal apatite structure ( P 6 3 / m ), was investigated at high pressure. A subtle phase transition was observed at ∼13.3 GPa by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and confirmed by infrared absorption and Raman scattering measurements. The high-pr... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 214116] Published Mon Jun 18, 2012
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-03-06
    Description: Author(s): R. F. Zhang, Z. J. Lin, Y. S. Zhao, and S. Veprek Using first-principles calculations, we show that, in spite of its relatively low shear modulus, boron suboxide (B_{6} O) is superhard because of its high shear strength of ⩾38 GPa which originates from three-dimensional covalently bonded network of B12 icosahedral units connected by boron and oxy... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 092101] Published Fri Mar 04, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: Author(s): R. F. Zhang, Z. J. Lin, Ho-Kwang Mao, and Yusheng Zhao We report on a comprehensive study of thermodynamic and mechanical properties as well as a bond-deformation mechanism on ultra-incompressible Re_{2} N and Re_{3} N. The introduction of nitrogen into the rhenium lattice leads to thermodynamic instability in Re_{2} N at ambient conditions and enhanced... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 060101] Published Fri Feb 11, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    In:  EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Suppl. 90, 52
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We present direct observations of the structure of the tectonic plates beneath the Tibetan plateau using seismic waves converted at discontinuities beneath Tibet. By assembling sections of P-S and S-P receiver function sections we map the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), the Moho and the 410 and 660 discontinuities along a number of profiles that traverse the plateau. We have identified a Tibetan plate that is sandwiched between the Asian and Indian plates. The seismic velocities in the Tibetan plate are slower than in the Indian and Asian plates, suggesting a significant temperature difference and hence different rheological behaviour of the Tibetan plate. In the westernmost part of Tibet, the Asian plate is underthrusting beneath the Indian plate, while in central and eastern Tibet the Indian plate is underthrusting beneath the Tibetan plate. There are also indications of Asian plate subduction in northern Tibet that are connected with a thickening of the Tibetan plate. There is no indication of subduction at the boundary between eastern Tibet and the Sichuan Basin.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Tibetan Plateau is undergoing north–south shortening accompanied by west–east extension, as evidenced by the widespread development of north–south trending normal faults, grabens and rifts. While the mode of the north–south shortening has been the main focus of most international studies, knowledge of the deep structure beneath South Tibet is required for understanding the mechanism of the west–east extension. The onset of the north–south trending normal faulting is commonly taken as an indicator that the Tibetan Plateau was uplifted to a near-maximum elevation before entering a collapsing stage. Here we report on the receiver functions of a seismological experiment across the northern segment of the Yadong-Gulu Rift (YGR), one of the youngest rifts in South Tibet. The migrated receiver function images reveal that the YGR is a high-angle normal fault characterized by a 5-km Moho rise from its western to eastern flank, together with distinct differences in the crustal structure and intracrustal seismic conversion patterns between the two flanks. This highly asymmetric lithospheric structure suggests whole-crustal extension controlled by a simple/general shear rifting mechanism. This simple/general shear rifting in the YGR is attributed to an eastward (horizontal) shear at the base of the upper crust, as evidenced by the observed Tibetan GPS velocity field and our observation of shear wave splitting discrepancy among the upper crust, lower crust and lithospheric mantle. We propose that in the YGR, simple shear rifting accommodates the northward injection of the Indian lithosphere, which may suggest that the onset of the north–south normal faulting does not indicate gravitational collapse of the Tibetan lithosphere.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: GPS displacement vectors show that the crust in east Tibet is being squeezed in an easterly direction by the northward motion of the Indian plate, and the Sichuan Basin is resisting this stream and redirecting it mainly results from the strong interaction between the east Tibetan escape flow and the rigid Yangtze block (Sichuan Basin), but the kinematics and dynamics of this interaction are still the subject of some debates. We herein present results from a dense passive-source seismic profile from the Sichuan Basin into eastern Tibet in order to study the deep structure of this collision zone. Using P and S receiver function images we observe a sudden rise of the Lithophere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) from 120 to 150 km beneath the Sichuan Basin and from 70 to 80 k beneath eastern Tibet. In contrast, the depth of the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) increases from 36 to 40 km beneath the Sichuan Basin and from 55 to 60 km beneath eastern Tibet. The 410 km discontinuity is depressed below eastern Tibet by about 30 km, although the 660 remains at nearly the same depth throughout the LMS. From these observations, we conclude that the mode of collision that occurs between Tibet and the Sichuan Basin is very different to that found between India and Tibet. In southern Tibet, we observe in essence the subduction of the Indian plate, which penetrates northwards for several hundred kilometers under central Tibet. The very thin mantle part of the lithosphere beneath eastern Tibet may indicate delamination or removal of the bottom of the lithosphere by hot asthenospheric escape flow. This process leads to the exceptionally steep topography at the eastern Tibetan margin as a result of gravitational buoyancy. This view is supported by the very unusual depression of the 410 km discontinuity beneath eastern Tibet, which could be caused by the dynamics of the sub-vertical downward asthenospheric flow.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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