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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: 3,5-Dichlorocatechol ; 2,4-Dichloromuconate ; Dichloromuconate cycloisomerase ; 2-Chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide ; Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 ; Pseudomonas sp. B 13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 2,4-Dichloro-cis,cis-muconate is established as ringcleavage product in the degradation of 3,5-dichlorocatechol by Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134. The formerly described isomerization of 2-chloro-trans- to 2-chlorocis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide as an essential catabolic step could not be certified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Viscoelastic surfactant solution ; Shear induced structure ; Flow instabilities ; First normal stress difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recently we studied time dependent structural changes that are coupled with flow instabilities (Fischer 1998; Wheeler 1998; Fischer 2000). Within a stability analysis, a classification scheme for the feedback circuit of coupled shear-induced structure and flow instabilities was derived by Schmitt et al. (1995) and applied to our samples. Here, inhomogeneous flow layers of different concentration and viscosity are generated by shear-induced diffusion (spinodal demixing) and, as consequence, one no longer observes a homogeneous solution but a type of shear banding that is seen here for the first time. In this paper we present the behaviour of the first normal stress difference observed in the critical shear-rate regime where transient shear-induced structure is coupled with flow instability. Similar to the oscillations of the shear stresses (strain-controlled rheometer) one observes oscillations in the first normal stress difference. This behaviour indicates that elastic structures are built up and destroyed while the shear-induced structures occur and that the induced phase is more elastic than the initial one. Oscillations of shear stress and first normal stress difference are in phase and indicate that both phenomena are caused by the same mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 632-638 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Viscoelasticity ; branched micelles ; elongational flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Several years ago, Münstedt and Laun reported on the influence of branching on the elongational flow properties of polymer chains (Münstedt and Laun, 1981). They concluded that, in addition to the molecular weight distribution, the degree of branching strongly affects the degree of strain thickening of the elongational viscosity in such a way that the maximum in this material function increases with branching. In a recent paper by Lin, a ternary system of dodecyldimethylamine oxide-sodium laureth sulphate-sodium chloride surfactant solutions was investigated by CryoTEM and rheology (Lin, 1996). He reported a linear relation between the added sodium chloride and the branching of the wormlike micelles. In this paper we present an investigation of these surfactant solutions in elongational flow. Our results indicate that for branched micellar systems the presence of branching enhances the maximum of the elongational viscosity in the same manner as in the case of polymer melts.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 4 (1998), S. 289-293 
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: Bradykinin antagonist ; dimer ; diaminodicarboxylic acid ; bridge residue ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enhancement of a ligand's interaction with a receptor through presenting the ligand in multimeric form is a topic of general interest. Thus dimerization of single-chain bradykinin antagonist peptides has previously been shown to be beneficial in terms of potency and duration of action. While crosslinking polypeptides at terminal positions using suitable dicarboxylic acids and diamines is comparatively straightforward synthetically, internal dimerizations are usually achieved through oxidation or double S-alkylations of cysteine residues, resulting in metabolically unfavourable disulphide and thioether cross-links. Using suitably modified standard solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols, dimeric bradykinin antagonist peptides [H-(d-Arg)-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Phe]2-X-[(d-Phe)-Leu-Arg-OH]2 were synthesized where X corresponds to a l,l-2,7-diaminosuberic or l,l-2,9-diaminosebacic acid residue, respectively. The biological activity of these peptides was comparable to that of conventional dimeric bradykinin antagonists cross-linked through cystine or bis(succinimido)alkyl bridges. © 1998 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The recent introduction of the PhastSystem, an automatic electrophoresis and staining system with precast gradient-gels, allows rapid and reproducible analysis of proteinuria in patients suffering from renal injury. A routine method for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and silver staining of unconcentrated urine specimens in the PhastSystem is described and compared to our conventional “macro”-method with self-cast SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gels. The method described for the PhastSystem using 0.3 μL sample volumes and an 8-25% polyacrylamide gradient gel leads to highly reproducible results within 1.5 h. Before electrophoresis urine specimens were neither concentrated nor dialyzed. Samples with a protein concentration exceeding 5 mg/mL had to be diluted 1:5 (v/v). Analysis and documentation of PhastGels appeared as easy as with our conventional SDS-PAGE. Protein bands could reliably be identified by Western blotting. Urine and serum proteins, separated in PhastGels, were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose and detected with specific antibodies against human albumin, transferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and IgG. Comparison of several standard kits for molecular weight determination revealed considerable differences concerning the quality of protein separation patterns. Availability of precast gels and automatization of SDS-PAGE and staining allows easy standarization of urine SDS-PAGE among clinical routine laboratories.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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