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  • General Chemistry  (39)
  • Organic Chemistry  (35)
  • Cyclodextrins  (2)
  • 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Andrena wilkella male bees discriminate between enantiomers of cephalic secretion components (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 429-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Enantiomer discrimination ; male patrolling ; odor marking ; Hymenoptera ; Apoidea ; Andrena wilkella ; bee ; EAG ; spiroacetal ; absolute configuration ; 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diastereomers of the spiroacetal, 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane, represent main components of the cephalic secretion from males of the solitary bee,Andrena wilkella. The major compound proved to be of high enantiomeric purity, showing (2S,6R,8S) configuration. Only the naturally occurring enantiomer attracted patrolling males in the field; its antipode was behaviorally inactive and in a racemic mixture did not inhibit response. The (E,Z) diastereomers were also found to be almost inactive. EAG studies gave the same result as the behavioral tests. The biological function of the spiroacetal is discussed in view of the evolution of the mating behavior inA. wilkella.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021775
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantioselective capillary gas chromatography in the investigation of stereochemical correlations of terpenoids (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 10 (1998), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantioselective capillary gas chromatography ; cyclodextrin derivatives ; stereochemistry of terpenes ; monoterpenes ; essential oils ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary gas chromatography employing the unique selectivities of specifically substituted cyclodextrins is highly suited for stereochemical investigations of terpenoid compounds. The analysis of many essential oils have shown that monoterpene derivatives regularly occur as enantiomeric mixtures. In the case of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, liverworts (Hepaticae) and other lower organisms usually biosynthesize compounds of opposite stereochemistry as compared to higher plants and enantiomeric mixtures occur only occasionally. The investigation of diterpene hydrocarbons has so far shown no indication of the presence of both enantiomers in the same plant. Chirality 10:499-504, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the enantiomeric composition of mexiletine and its four hydroxylated metabolites in urine by enantioselective capillary gas chromatography (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: gas chromatography ; modified β-cyclodextrin column ; chiral separation ; assay ; mexiletine ; hydroxylated metabolites ; urine ; conjugation/deconjugation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enantiomers of mexiletine and four of its hydroxylated metabolites were directly separated by capillary gas chromatography using a heptakis(6-O-tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin column. The method was applied to the analysis of urine samples from cancer patients who were treated with racemic mexiletine as part of a study of the use of mexiletine in the relief of neuropathic pain. Samples analyzed before and after deconjugation of the urine with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase showed a high stereoselectivity in the formation and conjugation of these compounds. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantioselective and nonenantioselective degradation of organic pollutants in the marine ecosystem (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral capillary gas chromatography ; chiral high-performance liquid chromatography ; stationary cyclodextrin phases ; chiral pollutants ; enantioselective processes ; microbial degradation processes ; photochemical degradation processes ; enzymatic degradation processes ; blood-brain barrier ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enantiomeric ratios of 11 chiral environmental pollutants determined in different compartments of the marine ecosystem by chiral capillary gas chromatography and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography allow discrimination between the following processes: enantioselective decomposition of both enantiomers with different velocities by marine microorganisms (α-HCH, β-PCCH, γ-PCCH); enantioselective decomposition of one enantiomer only by marine microorganisms (DCPP); enantioselective decomposition by enzymatic processes in marine biota (α-HCH, β-PCCH, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, octachlordane MC4, octachlordane MC5, octachlordane MC7, oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide); enantioselective active transport through the “blood-brain barrier” (α-HCH); nonenantioselective photochemical degradation (α-HCH, β-PCCH). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050522
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols with Horeau's method including enantioselective gas chromatography (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 6 (1994), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: Horeau's method ; configuration of secondary alcohols ; enantioselective gas chromatography ; 2-phenylbutyric acid ; cyclodextrin derivative ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of optically active secondary alcohols with excess of racemic 2-phenylbutyric acid anhydride in pyridine proceeds at different rates to the diastereoisomeric esters (kinetic partial resolution). According to Horeau the (unknown) absolute configuration of the alcohol can be derived from the optical rotation of the remaining excess of 2-phenylbutyric acid in the reaction mixture. Measuring the optical rotation may be very difficult in cases of small absolute rotation values and may be inaccurate due to the necessity to completely remove all chiral impurities. The application of Horeau's method is greatly facilitated by gas chromatographic determination of the enantiomeric ratio of the remaining 2-phenylbutyric acid after methylation using a short capillary column with heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral stationary phase. Baseline resolution of the enantiomers is achieved after approximately 10 min of retention time. Due to the high selectivity of capillary gas chromatography the probability of impurities in the mixture to interfere with the measurement of the enantiomeric ratio is extremely low. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530060215
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New technique for the determination of interconversion processes based on capillary zone electrophoresis: Studies with axially chiral biphenyls (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: capillary zone electrophoresis ; axially chiral biphenyls ; energy barrier ; cyclodextrin derivatives ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new technique is presented for the investigation of the rotational energy barrier of axially chiral biphenyls, based on capillary zone electrophoresis using cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors. Only minute amounts are required for the investigation of dynamic processes with energy barriers of 100-130 kJ/mol. The influence of the chiral selector on the conformational stability of atropisomers can be determined separately for each enantiomer. Additionally, segmentation of the capillary into different buffer zones allows us to exclude any influence of the chiral selector on the rotational energy barrier. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography. Part VII: Cyclodextrins with an inverse substitution pattern - synthesis and enantioselectivityPart VI, see reference [6]. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 702-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Enantioselective capillary gas chromatography ; Cyclodextrins ; Inverse substitution pattern ; Mechanism of chiral recognition ; Applications ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transferring the site of specific substitution of dipentylated cyclodextrins with methyl or acyl residues from the secondary 3-hydroxyl group to the primary 6-hydroxyl group was expected to provide new information on the mechanism of chiral recognition. The 3-position points towards and the 6-position points away from the cyclodextrin cavity which via inclusion complex formation is supposed to play a major role in chiral separation. The “inverse” 6-O-acyl-2,3-di-O-pentyl-cyclodextrins displayed almost no enantioselectivity but the corresponding 6-O-methyl derivatives are a versatile supplement to the chiral capillary GC phases nowadays available. Among the compounds that could be enantiomerically resolved are alcohols, amino acids, alkyl halides, bicyclic ethers, acetals, olefins, other hydrocarbons and chiral pharmaceuticals.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240131010
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Chiral Pyridine N-Oxide Ligands and Their Application in the Enantioselective Catalytic Reduction of Ketones and the Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1001-1007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Pyridine N-oxide ; Pyridine ; Asymmetric catalysis ; Amino acids ; Amino alcohols ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Starting from picolinic acids 3 and 4, the amino acid-derived 2-aminoacylpyridine N-oxides 1a,c-e and 2,6-bis(aminoacyl)pyridine N-oxides 2b-e can be prepared in two steps by the coupling of picolinic acid N-oxides 5 and 6 under Appel conditions with the corresponding L-amino acid ester or (1R,2S)-norephedrine. Compounds 1 and 2 were used as chiral ligands in two different asymmetric catalyses. In the catalytic addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde 11, low enantioselectivities (2-29% ee) were obtained regardless of the amino acid moiety. However, the corresponding 2,6-bis(aminoacyl)pyridines 7 and 8 led to increased ee values (55% ee). In the catalytic reduction of ketones 9a-c to alcohols 10a-c low enantioselectivities were observed for alanine-, valine-, and leucine-derived N-oxides 1a,c and 2b,c. An increase of selectivity was observed for bis-methionine ligand 2d (32-38% ee) relative to that of mono-methionine ligand 1d (7-16% ee). However, mono-norephedrine ligand 1e (≤ 64% ee) and the corresponding bis-norephedrine ligand 2e (≤ 51% ee) displayed the highest selectivities. The influence of the N-oxide moiety on the enantioselectivity was demonstrated by the observation that 2,6-bis(aminoacyl)pyridines 7 and 8 gave much lower selectivities than the corresponding pyridine N-oxides 2d and e.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of substituents on the rotational energy barrier of atropisomeric biphenyls  -  studies by polarimetry and dynamic gas chromatography (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 781-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Atropisomers ; Biphenyls, axially chiral ; Enantiomerization ; Dynamic gas chromatography ; Polarimetry ; Energy barriers ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have synthesized a series of 2,2′-substituted biphenyls and particularly derivatives of 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl (4) with either one or two fluoro, chloro, bromo, amino, nitro or methoxy substituents in the para positions for investigating the influence of these substituents on the rotational energy barrier of the biphenyls by polarimetry and dynamic gas chromatography (DGC). Axially chiral biphenyls with at least two bulky substituents in the ortho positions were separated by gas chromatography on selectively modified cyclodextrins. Due to competition between resolution and enantiomerization in the gas chromatographic column 2-tert-butyl-2′-isopropyl- (2), 2-isopropyl-2′-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl (5), and some para-substituted derivatives of 4 show temperature-dependent interconversion profiles and coalescence phenomena in analogy to dynamic NMR studies. The accelerating effect on the rate of enantiomerization of electron-donating groups in the para positions and the decelerating effect of electron-accepting groups has been determined. Dynamic gas chromatography is shown to be a useful supplement to studies of thermal enantiomerization kinetics of optically enriched or separated compounds by polarimetry for the investigation of energy barriers of atropisomeric biphenyls.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1995199505114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Molecular-Dynamics Simulation of the Complex Formation between Methyl (R)/(S)-2-Chloropropionate and Heptakis(3-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Host-guest complexes ; Molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation ; Enantioselective gas chromatography ; Cyclodextrins ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energies of complexation of methyl (R)/(S)-2-chloropropionate [(R)/(S)-2] with heptakis(3-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin (1) and the structures of the corresponding complexes were determined by molecular-dynamcis (MD) simulations at 300 and 333 K. The geometry of the complexes, the conformations of complexed and uncomplexed 1 and (R)/(S)-2 and the closest H-H distances between host and guest in the complexes were determined from the trajectories. The results correspond to the experimental findings from enantioselective gas chromatography.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19941270120
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