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  • Chemistry  (7)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (4)
  • 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest  (3)
  • Human  (3)
  • Polymer  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 60 (1981), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Polymer ; Localized states ; Conformational changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We present a simple real space method, based on the Green's function formalism, which is convenient for the calculation of the electronic structure of polymers with broken translational symmetry. The method is applied to the study of a model Hamiltonian which may describe conformational modifications of polymeric molecules. The possible role of localized states in chemical and biophysical processes is discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 63 (1983), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Polymer ; Localized states ; Electronic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Transfer Matrix approach is used to treat the relaxed defect problem in trans-polyacetylene. We use a particular choice of parametrization for the hopping integrals, which is related to the existence of solitons in this material, to discuss its electronic structure. We obtain closed expressions for the density of states and for the wavefunctions associated to the localized state at any site of the chain.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 60 (1981), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Polymer ; Localized states ; Band states
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have extended the transfer matrix technique to determine the Green's function for 1-dimensional systems with long range interactions. The formalism is applied to study the density of states and impurity modes of linear chains; calculations are presented for nearest and next nearest neighbors interactions.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoblasts ; Preosteoclasts ; Cell differentiation ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteoblasts are involved in the bone resorption process by regulating osteoclast maturation and activity. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying osteoblast/preosteoclast cell interactions, we developed an in vitro model of co-cultured human clonal cell lines of osteoclast precursors (FLG 29.1) and osteoblastic cells (Saos-2), and evaluated the migratory, adhesive, cytochemical, morphological, and biochemical properties of the co-cultured cells. In Boyden chemotactic chambers, FLG 29.1 cells exhibited a marked migratory response toward the Saos-2 cells. Moreover, they preferentially adhered to the osteoblastic monolayer. Direct co-culture of the two cell types induced: (1) positive staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in FLG 29.1 cells; (2) a decrease of the alkaline phosphatase activity expressed by Saos-2 cells; (3) the appearance of typical ultrastructural features of mature osteoclasts in FLG 29.1 cells; (4) the release into the culture medium of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. The addition of parathyroid hormone to the co-culture further potentiated the differentiation of the preosteoclasts, the cells tending to fuse into large multinucleated elements. These in vitro interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors offer a new model for studying the mechanisms that control osteoclastogenesis in bone tissue.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoblasts ; Preosteoclasts ; Cell differentiation ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Osteoblasts are involved in the bone resorption process by regulating osteoclast maturation and activity. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying osteoblast/preosteoclast cell interactions, we developed an in vitro model of co-cultured human clonal cell lines of osteoclast precursors (FLG 29.1) and osteoblastic cells (Saos-2), and evaluated the migratory, adhesive, cytochemical, morphological, and biochemical properties of the co-cultured cells. In Boyden chemotactic chambers, FLG 29.1 cells exhibited a marked migratory response toward the Saos-2 cells. Moreover, they preferentially adhered to the osteoblastic monolayer. Direct co-culture of the two cell types induced: (1) positive staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in FLG 29.1 cells; (2) a decrease of the alkaline phosphatase activity expressed by Saos-2 cells; (3) the appearance of typical ultrastructural features of mature osteoclasts in FLG 29.1 cells; (4) the release into the culture medium of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. The addition of parathyroid hormone to the co-culture further potentiated the differentiation of the preosteoclasts, the cells tending to fuse into large multinucleated elements. These in vitro interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors offer a new model for studying the mechanisms that control osteoclastogenesis in bone tissue.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) ; Bone endothelial cells ; Preosteoclasts ; Co-culture ; Cell migration ; Electron microscopy (transmission and scanning) ; Bovine ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Little is known about the factors and the mechanisms involved in preosteoclast emigration from the vasculature. In this study, an in vitro model of bone endothelial lining was mimicked by culturing bone endothelial (BBE) cells at confluence on a 3-μm pore polycarbonate membranes. Preosteoclastic (FLG 29.1) cells were then added on top of the BBE cell monolayer and 10 nM insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) was added below the supporting membrane. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the chemotactic responses of preosteoclastic FLG 29.1 cells towards the IGF-I generated gradient. IGF-I potently stimulated chemotaxis in the FLG 29.1 cells, as shown by the migration of the preosteoclastic cells across the underlying BBE and through the intercellular junctions between adjacent endothelial cells. Subsequently, FLG 29.1 cells penetrated the pores of the supporting membrane and reached the lower face of the membrane. Thus, IGF-I, which is abundantly present in the bone tissue microenvironment, may play a paracrine role in the recruitment of the circulating preosteoclasts from the vascular compartment into the bone tissue. This in vitro model, which mimicks the in vivo phenomenon of preosteoclast extravasation, should prove useful in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie this process.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 2591-2597 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Cascade molecules ; Dendrimers ; Chirality ; Amides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the first and second generation of enantiopure dendrimers based on a chiral trans-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine is reported. Benzenepolycarboxylic acids were used as central nucleus to afford linear and radial growth, and terephthalic acid was used as spacer between the pyrrolidine nuclei. The analysis of the chiroptical properties ([α]D, circular dichroism) of these new dendrimers suggests that those with radial growth present a self organisation of chiral units.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on diphenylvinylphosphine sulfide (1): C14H13PS, space group P21/c, a = 10.186(1) Ǎ, b = 11.918(1) Å, c = 11.426 Å, β = 112.22(2)°, V = 1284.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, and diphenylvinylphosphine selenide (2): C14H13PSe, space group Pbca, a = 9.141 (3) Å, b = 16.458 (1) Å, c = 17.451 (1) Å, V = 2625.4 (9) Å3, Z = 8. The structures were solved by direct methods and were refined by full matrix least-squares calculations to R = 0.046 and Rw = 0.058 using 2554 unique reflections with I 〉 3σ(I) in the case of 1, and to R = 0.052 and Rw = 0.065 using 1953 unique reflections with I 〉 3σ(I) in the case of 2. In close analogy to the previously studied vinyl phosphine oxides both 1 and 2 were found to exist in the s-cis conformation with the pertinent C=C—P=X dihedral angles equal to 12.5° and 2.9° for 1 and 2, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of the major product of the cycloaddition of 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole N-oxide to tert-butyldivinylphosphine sulfide was analyzed by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The analysis revealed two crystallographically independent molecules that differed in conformation of the fused five-membered heterocyclic rings. These rings were found to be two envelopes in one molecule and two half-chairs in the other. The studied compound was identified as an exo adduct of the expected erythro configuration and was found to favor a conformation in which the P=S and ring C-O bonds were anti and the C=C-P=S moiety was in the s-cis array. C14H26NOPS, space group P¯1, a = 10.6004(7) Å, b = 12.3225(6) Å, c = 13.4404(7) Å, α = 104.073(4)°, β = 92.758(4)°, γ = 95.968(5)°, V = 1688.802(4) Å3, Z = 4.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Mitsunobu reaction ; Desymmetrization ; Cyclic nitrones ; Polyhydroxyindolizidines ; Glycosidase inhibitors ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A protocol is presented for a completely enantioselective formal desymmetrization of Cs-symmetric diols by monoprotection of the corresponding enantiopure C2 diols, followed by an inversion of configuration by a Mitsunobu reaction (“Mitsunobu trick”). Its application to the unprecedented synthesis of enantiopure cis-3,4-dihydroxypyrroline N-oxides, employed in the enantiodivergent synthesis of two selectively protected 1,2,7-trihydroxyindolizidines, is also reported.
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