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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (8)
  • earth mantle  (6)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring  (3)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis  (2)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques  (2)
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  • 11
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    In Situ Instrumentation for Sub-Surface Planetary Geochemistry (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Novel instrumentation is under development at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, building upon earth-based techniques for hostile environments, to infer geochemical processes important to formation and evolution of solid bodies in our Solar System. A prototype instrument, the Pulsed Neutron Generator Gamma Ray and Neutron Detectors (PNG-GRAND), has a 14 MeV pulsed neutron generator coupled with gamma ray and neutron detectors to measure quantitative elemental concentrations and bulk densities of a number of major, minor and trace elements at or below the surfaces with approximately a meter-sized spatial resolution down to depths of about 50 cm without the need to drill. PNG-GRAND's in situ a meter-scale measurements and adaptability to a variety of extreme space environments will complement orbital kilometer-scale and in-situ millimeter scale elemental and mineralogical measurements to provide a more complete picture of the geochemistry of planets, moons, asteroids and comets.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Goldschmidt 2010: Earth, Energy, and the Environment; Jun 13, 2010 - Jun 18, 2010; Knoxville, TN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Active Neutron and Gamma Ray Instrumentation for In Situ Planetary Science Applications (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Pulsed Neutron Generator-Gamma Ray And Neutron Detectors (PNG-GRAND) experiment is an innovative application of the active neutron-gamma ray technology so successfully used in oil field well logging and mineral exploration on Earth. The objective of our active neutron-gamma ray technology program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC) is to bring the PNG-GRAND instrument to the point where it can be flown on a variety of surface lander or rover missions to the Moon, Mars, Menus, asteroids, comets and the satellites of the outer planets. Gamma-Ray Spectrometers (GRS) have been incorporated into numerous orbital planetary science missions and, especially its the case of the Mars Odyssey GRS, have contributed detailed maps of the elemental composition over the entire surface of Mars. However, orbital gamma ray measurements have low spatial sensitivity (100's of km) due to their low surface emission rates from cosmic rays and subsequent need to be averaged over large surface areas. PNG-GRAND overcomes this impediment by incorporating a powerful neutron excitation source that permits high sensitivity surface and subsurface measurements of bulk elemental compositions. PNG-GRAND combines a pulsed neutron generator (PNG) with gamma ray and neutron detectors to produce a landed instrument to determine subsurface elemental composition without needing to drill into a planet's surface a great advantage in mission design. We are currently testing PNG-GRAND prototypes at a unique outdoor neutron instrumentation test facility recently constructed at NASA/GSFC that consists of a 2 m x 2 in x 1 m granite structure placed outdoors in an empty field. Because an independent trace elemental analysis has been performed on the material, this granite sample is a known standard with which to compare both Monte Carlo simulations and our experimentally measured elemental composition data. We will present data from operating PNG-GRAND in various experimental configurations on a known sample in a geometry that is identical to that on a planetary surface. We will also illustrate the use of gamma ray timing techniques to improve sensitivity and will compare the material composition results from our experiments to both an independent laboratory elemental composition analysis and MCNPX computer modeling results.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Symposium on Radiation Measurement and Applications (SORMA); May 24, 2010 - May 27, 2010; Ann Arbor, MI; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    A Unique Outside Neutron and Gamma Ray Instrumentation Development Test Facility at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An outside neutron and gamma ray instrumentation test facility has been constructed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to evaluate conceptual designs of gamma ray and neutron systems that we intend to propose for future planetary lander and rover missions. We will describe this test facility and its current capabilities for operation of planetary in situ instrumentation, utilizing a l4 MeV pulsed neutron generator as the gamma ray excitation source with gamma ray and neutron detectors, in an open field with the ability to remotely monitor and operate experiments from a safe distance at an on-site building. The advantage of a permanent test facility with the ability to operate a neutron generator outside and the flexibility to modify testing configurations is essential for efficient testing of this type of technology. Until now, there have been no outdoor test facilities for realistically testing neutron and gamma ray instruments planned for solar system exploration
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Feb 28, 2010 - Mar 03, 2010; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Planetary Geochemistry Using Active Neutron and Gamma Ray Instrumentation (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Pulsed Neutron Generator-Gamma Ray And Neutron Detector (PNG-GRAND) experiment is an innovative application of the active neutron-gamma ray technology so successfully used in oil field well logging and mineral exploration on Earth, The objective of our active neutron-gamma ray technology program at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) is to bring the PNG-GRAND instrument to the point where it can be flown on a variety of surface lander or rover missions to the Moon, Mars, Venus, asterOIds, comets and the satellites of the outer planets, Gamma-Ray Spectrometers have been incorporated into numerous orbital planetary science missions and, especially in the case of Mars Odyssey, have contributed detailed maps of the elemental composition over the entire surface of Mars, Neutron detectors have also been placed onboard orbital missions such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and Lunar Prospector to measure the hydrogen content of the surface of the moon, The DAN in situ experiment on the Mars Science Laboratory not only includes neutron detectors, but also has its own neutron generator, However, no one has ever combined the three into one instrument PNG-GRAND combines a pulsed neutron generator (PNG) with gamma ray and neutron detectors to produce a landed instrument that can determine subsurface elemental composition without drilling. We are testing PNG-GRAND at a unique outdoor neutron instrumentation test facility recently constructed at NASA/GSFC that consists of a 2 m x 2 m x 1 m granite structure in an empty field, We will present data from the operation of PNG-GRAND in various experimental configurations on a known sample in a geometry that is identical to that which can be achieved on a planetary surface. We will also compare the material composition results inferred from our experiments to both an independent laboratory elemental composition analysis and MCNPX computer modeling results,
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Feb 28, 2010 - Mar 06, 2010; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
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    Outline of a joint research project by ENEL-INGV for the study of the microseismicity in the Larderello geothermal area (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Larderello geothermal field is located ca. 100 km southeast of Florence, in the northern part of a volcanic zone that extends along the Italian Tyrrhenian coast. Geophysical investigations in the area suggest a crustal thinning and an injection of hot material from the upper mantle into the crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: Graz, Austria
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Larderello ; geothermal area ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 16
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    An Empirical Procedure for Rapid Magnitude Estimation in Italy (2007)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Abstract Rapid estimates of source parameters are needed for reasons of civil protection in regions where destructive events often occur. This information can prevent further damage and casualties. A relation between the first seconds of a P- wave onset and the local magnitude ML of the earthquake has been developed for the Italy region following results obtained in Japan and Southern California. The proposed dominant period estimate has been used in the present work and it gives reliable results from which to evaluate the size of the earthquake. The data set we evaluated consists of about 20,000 earthquakes that occurred in Italy and were well recorded by the stations of the MedNet Network. The proposed relationship will be one basis for developing and implementing an earthquake early warning system in Italy capable of delivering a rapid alert only a few seconds after the occurrence of a potentially destructive earthquake in the area. Recent extensive improvements of the Italian National Seismic Network, together with this new technique, will make pos- sible the release of a robust magnitude estimate no later than 10 sec after the occur- rence of the earthquake. However, no data are available for earthquakes with mag- nitudes ML
    Description: Published
    Description: 1750-1755
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Magnitude ; early warning ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
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    Spatial Noise-Field Characteristics of a Temporary Three-Component Small Aperture Array in Central Italy (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In order to evaluate detection and localization capabilities of a future array in the Upper Tiber Valley (Northern Apennines – Italy), an irregularly configured test array was installed near Città di Castello (CDC) for a period of two weeks, consisting of nine sites with inter-sensor distances between 150 and 2200 m. This test-array installation is particular in its use of three component sensors at all array sites, which allows the application of all array specific analyses techniques for the full seismic wavefield, i.e., also for horizontal-component data. In this study we investigate the inter-sensor coherence of the seismic noise field for the test-array area. In addition to the “classic” noise analysis, where noise cross-correlation values are calculated at single vertical instruments without relative time shifts between the traces, we extend the study by a “dynamic” approach, which accounts for possible slowness characteristics of the noise field. Furthermore, we investigate how the noise characteristics are dependent on the chosen component of the seismic sensors, by analyzing the noise coherence not only between vertical components but also on the radial and the transverse components. The coherence found for noise observed by the different sensors of the test array shows strong azimuthal variations on all components, which are most pronounced for noise within the frequency passband of 1.5 - 4.0 Hz and an apparent velocity of 1.5 km/s (Rg waves). The calculated correlation lengths of noise observed for the CDC array are about half of the values found for the NORES array in Southern Norway. Therefore, a future permanent array installation should be planned for minimum inter-sensor distances between 150 and 200 m.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1876-1886
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic array ; noise field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 18
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    Spatial Noise-Field Characteristics of a three component small aperture test arrayin Central Italy (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In order to evaluate detection and localization capabilities of a future array in the Northern Apennines an irregularly configured test array was installed in the Upper Tiber Valley (Italy) near Città di Castello (CDC), for a period of two weeks, consisting of nine sites with inter-sensor distances between 150 and 2200 m. The peculiarity of this test-array installation was the use of three component sensors at all array sites, which allowed the application of all array specific analyses techniques for the full seismic wavefield, i.e., also for horizontal-component data. The optimal array geometry and the number of sensors depend on the characteristics of the seismic signals, as well as on the local noise conditions. In this study, we investigate the inter-sensor coherence of the seismic noise field for the test-array area. In addition to the “classic” noise analysis, where noise cross-correlation values are calculated at single vertical instruments without relative time shifts between the traces, we extend the study by a “dynamic” approach, which accounts for possible slowness characteristics of the noise field. Furthermore, we investigate how the noise characteristic is dependent on the chosen component of the seismic sensors, i.e., we analyze the noise coherence not only between vertical components but also on the radial and the transverse components. The coherence found for noise observed by the different sensors of the test array show on all components strong azimuthal variations, which are most pronounced for noise within the frequency passband of 1.5 - 4.0 Hz and an apparent velocity of 1.5 km/s (Rg-waves). The noise coherence on the horizontal components show slightly smaller azimuthal variations than on the vertical components. Comparison of the radial and transversal components suggests that the observed coherent noise from the E-NE-direction is mainly composed by Rg-waves. The calculated correlation lengths of noise observed for the CDC array are about half of the values found for the NORES array in Southern Norway. Therefore, a future permanent array installation should be planned for minimum inter-sensor distances between 150 and 200 m.
    Description: In press
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Noise-Field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 19
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    Spatial noise field characteristics of a temporary three-component small aperture array in Central Italy (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The merits of a seismic array for signal detection and event location are beyond question. The superior signal detection capability is obtained by beamforming and estimating backazimuth and slowness of the seismic wave field by f-k analysis or plane-wave fit gives the parameters for signal classification and event location.
    Description: Published
    Description: Graz, Austria
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: array seismology ; coherence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 20
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    Preliminary calibration of candidate alpha stations in the GSETT-3 network (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The technical concept of a future global seismic monitoring system includes 50 to 60 core stations, mostly arrays, which provide the primary detection and location capability. Due to the average station distance, these core (“alpha”) stations form a teleseismic network. Many of the proposed stations are to be newly installed and before the network can be regarded as fully operational, the stations have to be calibrated. As for traditional seismic networks, the station residuals - compared to a standard earth model - have to be determined. The standard earth model is defined in terms of travel-time tables and amplitude-distance curves. After recording a representative set of events, station residuals with respect to travel-time and magnitude can be calculated. In case of arrays, the determination of mislocation vectors (azimuth and slowness residuaIs) are of ulmost importance if array slowness vectors are used as starting solutions in a location procedure. Finally, in a monitoring context it is very important to estimate the station sensitivity for varying background noise conditíons and - in case of arrays - to know the frequency dependent improvement by beamforming. This paper uses the newly installed high-frequency GERESS array in Germany to demonstrate the calibration procedure.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: global seismic networks ; station calibration ; array location ; magnitude residual ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 3213412 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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