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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: In this work, we tackle the problem of seismic hazard at Etna deriving from the recurrent seismogenic activity of local faults, by adopting two independent methods based on probabilistic approaches. We assess the hazard in terms of macroseismic intensity and represent the occurrence probability calculated for different exposure times both on maps and at fault scale. Seismic hazard maps obtained by applying the “site approach” through the SASHA code and a new probabilistic attenuation model, indicate the eastern flank of the volcano as the most hazardous, with expected intensity (Iexp) in 50 years (i.e. the standard exposure time adopted in the seismic regulations) ranging from degrees IX to X EMS. In shorter exposure periods (20, 10, 5 years), values of Iexp up to IX are also reached in the same area, but they are clearly determined by the earthquakes generated by the Timpe fault system. In order to quantify the contribution of local seismogenic sources to the hazard of the region, we reconstruct the seismic history of each fault and calculate with SASHA the probability that earthquakes of a given intensity may be generated in different exposure times. Results confirm the high level of hazard due to the S. Tecla, Moscarello and Fiandaca faults especially for earthquakes of moderate intensity, i.e. VI≤I0≤VII, with probabilities respectively exceeding 50% and 20% in 10 years, and 30% and 10% in 5 years. Occurrence probability of major events (I0≥VIII) at the fault scale has also been investigated by statistics on intertimes. Under stationary assumptions we obtain a probability of 6.8% in 5 years for each structure; by introducing the time-dependency (time elapsed since the last event occurred on each fault) through a BPT model, we identify the Moscarello and S. Tecla faults as the most probable sources to be activated in the next 5 years (2013–2017). This result may represent a useful indication to establish priority criteria for actions aimed at reducing seismic risk at a local scale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 158-169
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Macroseismic intensity ; Seismic history ; Occurrence probability ; Time-dependent renewal process ; Individual sources ; Seismic hazard ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: We investigated the seismic potential of a given set of faults in the Etna region, by analysing the inter-event times of major earthquakes as given by the earthquake catalogue. Among the active structures of the volcano, the Timpe fault system in the eastern flank is responsible for the largest earthquakes occurring in historical time, with long-term behaviour characterised by earthquake rates of ~ 20 years for severe/destructive events (epicentral intensity I0 ≥ VIII EMS). By means of coseismic effect analyses and thanks to the peculiarity of earthquake source in this volcanic district, we associated the seismic events to the individual seismogenic sources, obtaining the seismic history of each fault. Mean recurrence time of major events referred to a specific fault can therefore be defined. Then, we calculated the probabilities of occurrence of destructive events both with Poisson and Brownian Passage Time (BPT) models. A time-dependent BPT distribution function has been used to calculate the conditional occurrence probability for each structure of the Timpe seismogenic zone. In a memoryless perspective, the probability of having a major earthquake on individual faults is about 7% in 5 years, while it changes from fault to fault if the probability is conditioned to the time elapsed since the last event. As a result, impending earthquakes are expected on the S. Tecla fault (11%), and on Moscarello and Fiandaca faults (~ 6-9%), all involved in the complex dynamics of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. These results are consistent with those independently obtained through the site approach, calculated by the SASHA code.
    Description: Funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC), project V4 Flank.
    Description: Published
    Description: 75-88
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; Sicily ; fault-based seismic hazard ; time-dependent estimate ; Brownian Passage Time ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: I modelli di pericolosità sismica tradizionali utilizzano ipotesi semplificate di distribuzione omogenea della sismicità nello spazio, e stazionaria nel tempo. Negli ultimi decenni, grazie anche ad una aumentata disponibilità di osservazioni geologiche e paleosismologiche, stanno prendendo rilievo modelli più strettamente collegati alla fagliazione sismogenetica, che tengano in considerazione anche le variazioni temporali legate al ciclo sismico. In Italia, queste applicazioni sono prevalentemente a carattere metodologico ed esplorativo, dato che solo un limitatissimo numero di strutture sismogenetiche dispone di dati osservativi indispensabili per questo tipo di analisi (ad es. Pace et al., 2006; Peruzza, 2006; Peruzza et al., 2008). Tra queste, le faglie etnee rappresentano un caso di studio particolare per entità, tipologia e frequenza della fagliazione superficiale e della sismicità associata (Azzaro, 1999). Per tale motivo, nell’ambito del progetto DPC V4-Flank finalizzato alla valutazione dell’hazard connesso alla dinamica di fianco all’Etna, abbiamo applicato ai principali sistemi di faglie attive dell’edificio vulcanico, le tecniche di stima dell’hazard basate sulle ipotesi di terremoto caratteristico e dipendenza temporale dall’ultimo evento. A partire dal modello sismotettonico (Azzaro, 2004) e dal catalogo sismico di riferimento (CMTE, Azzaro et al., 2000, 2002, 2006), sono state analizzate le sequenze di eventi sismici attribuibili alle diverse strutture sismogenetiche e ricostruite le loro storie sismiche. Una caratteristica comune nello stile di rilascio sismico di molte faglie è la presenza di terremoti maggiori e minori alternati nel tempo, in una sorta di cicli sismici intervallati da brevi periodo di ritorno (decine di anni) (Fig. 1 in alto). E’ evidente, per alcune strutture sismogenetiche contigue, anche la loro attivazione alternata nel tempo (Fig. 1 in basso). Per ogni singola faglia sono stati quindi verificati i possibili modelli di occorrenza applicando distribuzioni diverse in accordo con ipotesi stazionarie o time-dependent (Fig. 2). I risultati preliminari suggeriscono una certa periodicità degli eventi maggiori associati alle diverse strutture, rappresentata dal coefficiente di variazione sul dataset degli intertempi. Dal momento che le stime di hazard sismico variano in relazione al diverso tempo trascorso dall’ultimo terremoto su ciascuna struttura, applicando un processo con memoria attraverso una funzione di distribuzione del tipo BPT, è stato calcolato l’incremento o la diminuzione della probabilità di un successivo evento sismico, rispetto alle ipotesi poissoniane. Gli sviluppi previsti sono mirati a comprendere anche il ruolo delle strutture sismogenetiche analizzate nei processi geodinamici locali.
    Description: Published
    Description: Trieste
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna, pericolosità ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: The space time inter-event time (IET) distributions of earthquakes occurring from 1988 to 2011 at Mt. Etna are analysed in order to identify the periodicity or stationary behaviour of seismicity, and to correlate it with the volcano-tectonic features of the region. The comparison between IET distributions at Etna with those obtained both for Sicily and Italy, shows that IETs at a larger scale are well-modelled by a gamma distribution, whereas at Etna local scale they are characterised by a bimodal curve, in which the two peaks are related to: (i) the contribution of local seismic swarms with very short inter-event times, and (ii) the background regional stationary seismicity. IET analysis is an important tool to investigate the behaviour of seismicity at different crustal levels in the Etna region, distinguishing sectors that are influenced by volcano dynamics or regional tectonics. Indeed, the spatial variation of IET distributions, obtained by analysing different Etna crustal sectors, shows that seismicity shallower than 5 km is almost entirely characterised by short inter-event times and is mainly confined to the summit area. For earthquakes deeper than 5 km occurring in the eastern flank of the volcano, as well as in eastern Sicily, IET distributions are characterised by independent events which suggest that both areas are influenced by the same extensional regional regime. By contrast, IET distributions obtained for the western flank and northwestern Sicily are marked by two peaks, indicating that the compressional stress is acting in both areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-9
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna, Seismicity, Inter-event time, Occurrence pattern, Volcano dynamics, Regional tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Etna eruption is studied through earthquake distributions and surface fracturing. In September 2002, earthquake-induced surface rupture (sinistral offset 0.48 m) occurred along the E-W striking Pernicana Fault (PF), on the NE flank. In late October, a flank eruption accompanied further ( 0.77 m) surface rupturing, reaching a total sinistral offset of 1.25 m; the deformation then propagated for 18 km eastwards to the coastline (sinistral offset 0.03 m) and southwards, along the NW-SE striking Timpe (dextral offset 0.04 m) and, later, Trecastagni faults (dextral offset 0.035 m). Seismicity (〈4 km bsl) on the E flank accompanied surface fracturing: fault plane solutions indicate an overall ESEWNWextension direction, consistent with ESE slip of the E flank also revealed by ground fractures. A three-stage model of flank slip is proposed: inception (September earthquake), climax (accelerated slip and eruption) and propagation (E and S migration of the deformation).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2286
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcano seismology ; surface fracturing ; flank slip ; eruption ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Following a recent paperwe useweak-motionwaveforms to calibrate a model for the prediction of earthquake-induced ground-motion in Taiwan, in the 0.25–5.0 Hz frequency range, valid up to Mw 7.6. The excitation/attenuation model is given in terms of frequency-dependent seismic wave attenuation, Qs(f ), geometrical spreading, g(r), amagnitude-dependent stress parameters σ for the excitation terms, and a site term for each seismic station used in the study. A set of weak-motion data was gathered from about 170 aftershocks of the Chi–Chi earthquake, Mw 7.6, of 1999 September 20, (17:47 UTC), recorded by 10 broad-band seismic stations. The moment magnitudes of the registered aftershocks ranged from Mw 3.0 to 6.5, and the hypocentral distances from a few kilometres to about 250 km. A frequency-dependent crustal quality factor, Q(f ) = 350f 0.32, was obtained, to be coupled with the geometrical spreading function g (r ) = ⎧⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪⎩ r−1.2 1 〈 r 〈 10 km r−0.7 10 〈 r 〈 40 km r−1.0 40 〈 r 〈 80 km r−0.5 r 〉 80 km. Earthquake-related excitation spectra were calibrated over our empirical results by using a magnitude-dependent Brune model with a stress drop value of σ = 8.0 ± 1.0 MPa for the largest event of Mw 6.5 in our data set and with a near surface attenuation parameter of κ = 0.05 s. Results on region-specific crustal attenuation and source scaling were used to generate stochastic simulations both for point-source and extended-fault ruptures through the computer codes: Stochastic Model SIMulation, SMSIM and Extended-FaultModel Simulation, EXSIM. The absolute peak ground accelerations (PGA), peak ground velocities (PGV) and 5 per centdamped Spectral Accelerations (SA) at three different frequencies, 0.33 Hz, 1.0 Hz and 3.0 Hz for several magnitudes and distance ranges were predicted at large magnitudes, well beyond magnitudeMw 6.5, the upper limit for the events of ourweak-motion data set. The performance of the stochastic model was then tested against the strong-motion data recorded during the Mw 7.6 Chi–Chi earthquake, and against several other empirical ground-motion models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 611-628
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motion; Seismic attenuation; Asia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this study, we provide a complete description of the ground-motion characteristics of the western Anatolia region of Turkey. The attenuation of ground motions with distance and the variability in excitation with magnitude are parameterized using three-component 0.25-10.0 Hz earthquake ground motions at distances of 15 - 250 km. The data set is comprised of more than 11,600 three-component seismograms from 902 regional earthquakes of local magnitude (ML) 2.5 to 5.8, recorded during the Western Anatolia Seismic Recording Experiment (WASRE) between November 2002 and October 2003. We used regression analysis to relate the logarithm of measured ground motion to the excitation, site, and propagation effects. Instead of trying to reproduce the details of the high-frequency ground motion in the time domain, we use a source model and a regional scaling law to predict the spectral shape and amplitudes of ground motion at various source-receiver distances. We fit a regression to the peak values of narrow bandpass filtered ground velocity time histories, and root mean square and RMS-average Fourier spectral amplitudes for a range of frequencies to define regional attenuation functions characterized by piece-wise linear geometric spreading (in log-log space) and a frequency-dependent crustal Q(f). An excitation function is also determined, which contains the competing effects of an effective stress parameter k0 and a high-frequency attenuation term exp(-k0f). The anelastic attenuation coefficient for the entire region is given by Q(f) = 180f 0.55. The duration of motion for each record is defined as the value that yields the observed relationship between time-domain and spectral-domain amplitudes, according to random process theory. Anatolian excitation spectra are calibrated for our empirical results by using a Brune model with a stress drop of 10 MPa for the largest event in our data set (Mw 5.8) and a near-surface attenuation parameter of κ =0.045 s. These quantities, together with the effective duration of ground motion in the region, are used to estimate the peak ground motion (PGA, PGV). Using stochastic ground motion simulations, we predict the absolute level of ground shaking and compare them with strong-motion data in the region. The attenuation of simulated ground motion is compared with recent global and regional ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The performance of the stochastic model is also tested against small and intermediatesized earthquakes (the M3.9 11 November 2007, M5.9 17 October 2005 and M5.7 20 October 2005 Izmir-Urla earthquakes) recorded by strong motion stations in the National Strong Ground Motion Network (operated by the Earthquake Department of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, AFAD).
    Description: Published
    Description: 124-135
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation, earthquake source parameters, ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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