Publication Date:
2012-11-30
Description:
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally important crop, accounting for 20 per cent of the calories consumed by humans. Major efforts are underway worldwide to increase wheat production by extending genetic diversity and analysing key traits, and genomic resources can accelerate progress. But so far the very large size and polyploid complexity of the bread wheat genome have been substantial barriers to genome analysis. Here we report the sequencing of its large, 17-gigabase-pair, hexaploid genome using 454 pyrosequencing, and comparison of this with the sequences of diploid ancestral and progenitor genomes. We identified between 94,000 and 96,000 genes, and assigned two-thirds to the three component genomes (A, B and D) of hexaploid wheat. High-resolution synteny maps identified many small disruptions to conserved gene order. We show that the hexaploid genome is highly dynamic, with significant loss of gene family members on polyploidization and domestication, and an abundance of gene fragments. Several classes of genes involved in energy harvesting, metabolism and growth are among expanded gene families that could be associated with crop productivity. Our analyses, coupled with the identification of extensive genetic variation, provide a resource for accelerating gene discovery and improving this major crop.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510651/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510651/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brenchley, Rachel -- Spannagl, Manuel -- Pfeifer, Matthias -- Barker, Gary L A -- D'Amore, Rosalinda -- Allen, Alexandra M -- McKenzie, Neil -- Kramer, Melissa -- Kerhornou, Arnaud -- Bolser, Dan -- Kay, Suzanne -- Waite, Darren -- Trick, Martin -- Bancroft, Ian -- Gu, Yong -- Huo, Naxin -- Luo, Ming-Cheng -- Sehgal, Sunish -- Gill, Bikram -- Kianian, Sharyar -- Anderson, Olin -- Kersey, Paul -- Dvorak, Jan -- McCombie, W Richard -- Hall, Anthony -- Mayer, Klaus F X -- Edwards, Keith J -- Bevan, Michael W -- Hall, Neil -- B/J004588/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E004725/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G012865/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G013004/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G013985/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G024650/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H022333/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900753/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900753(91100)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 29;491(7426):705-10. doi: 10.1038/nature11650.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Genome Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Brachypodium/genetics
;
*Bread
;
Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
;
Crops, Agricultural/genetics
;
DNA, Complementary/genetics
;
DNA, Plant/genetics
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
Genes, Plant/genetics
;
Genome, Plant/*genetics
;
Genomics
;
Multigene Family/genetics
;
Oryza/genetics
;
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
;
Polyploidy
;
Pseudogenes/genetics
;
Sequence Alignment
;
Sequence Analysis, DNA
;
Triticum/classification/*genetics
;
Zea mays/genetics
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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