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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between Alternaria alternata or Fusarium equiseti and Glomus mosseae and its effects on plant growth (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsAlternaria alternata ; Arbuscular mycorrhizas ; Fusarium equiseti ; Glomus mosseae ; Lactuca sativa ; Lettuce ; Maize ; Saprophytic fungi ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of inoculation with the saprophytic fungi Alternaria alternata or Fusarium equiseti on maize (Zea mays) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization by Glomus mosseae was studied in a greenhouse trial. Plant dry weights of non-AM-inoculated maize and lettuce were unaffected by the presence of A. alternata and F. equiseti. In contrast, A. alternata and F. equiseti decreased plant dry weights and mycorrhization when inoculated to the rhizosphere before G. mosseae. The saprophytic fungi inoculated 2 weeks after G. mosseae did not affect the percentage of root length colonized by the AM endophyte, but did affect its metabolic activity assessed as succinate dehydrogenase activity. Although F. equiseti inoculated at the same time as G. mosseae did not affect mycorrhization of maize roots, its effect on AM colonization of lettuce roots was similar to that with A. alternata. In the rhizosphere of both plants, the population of saprophytic fungi decreased significantly, but was not affected by the presence of G. mosseae. Our results suggest that there may have been a direct effect of the saprophytic fungi on the mycorrhizal fungi in the extramatrical phase of the latter, and when the AM fungus was established in the root the AM fungus was less affected by the saprophytic fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050247
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between Glomus mosseae and arbuscular mycorrhizal sporocarp-associated saprophytic fungi (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 200 (1998), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizas ; Glomus mosseae ; Glycine max ; Saprophytic fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The saprophytic fungi Wardomyces inflatus (Marchal) Hennebert, Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm & Gray) A. H. S. Brown & G. Sm., Gliocladium roseum Bain., sterile dark mycelium (SDM-54), Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai were isolated from sporocarps of Glomus mosseae. The effect of saprophytic fungi on G. mosseae spore germination was tested on water agar. Wardomyces inflatus decreased the percent germination of G. mosseae spores; G. roseum, T. pseudokoningii and T. harzianum had no effect on germination; and P. farinosus and SDM-54 increased the percentage of spore germination of G. mosseae after 4 d. Wardomyces inflatus significantly decreased hyphal length of spores which germinated, but no other saprophytic fungi affected hyphal growth. Trichoderma pseudokoningii, T. harzianum, P. farinosus and SDM-54 increased the number of auxiliary cells formed by G. mosseae. The effect of saprophytic fungi on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of soybean was studied in a greenhouse trial. The percentage of soybean root length colonized was decreased by W. inflatus, unaffected by SDM-54 and T. harzianum, and increased by P. farinosus. Gliocladium roseum decreased root length colonized when plants were 12 wk old, and T. pseudokoningii increased colonization of roots when plants were 4 wk old. Antagonistic, synergistic and neutral actions of G. mosseae upon the saprophytic fungi were observed. The population of T. harzianum decreased and the populations of T. pseudokoningii and SDM-54 increased in the presence of G. mosseae. Our results indicate a complex interaction between G. mosseae and associated saprophytic fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004349426315
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  • 3
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    Hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Europa (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: Spatially resolved infrared and ultraviolet wavelength spectra of Europa's leading, anti-jovian quadrant observed from the Galileo spacecraft show absorption features resulting from hydrogen peroxide. Comparisons with laboratory measurements indicate surface hydrogen peroxide concentrations of about 0.13 percent, by number, relative to water ice. The inferred abundance is consistent with radiolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by intense energetic particle bombardment and demonstrates that Europa's surface chemistry is dominated by radiolysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, R W -- Anderson, M S -- Johnson, R E -- Smythe, W D -- Hendrix, A R -- Barth, C A -- Soderblom, L A -- Hansen, G B -- McCord, T B -- Dalton, J B -- Clark, R N -- Shirley, J H -- Ocampo, A C -- Matson, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2062-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. rcarlson@lively.jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*analysis/chemistry ; Ice ; *Jupiter ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Salts on Europa's surface detected by Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer. The NIMS Team (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: Reflectance spectra in the 1- to 2.5-micrometer wavelength region of the surface of Europa obtained by Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer exhibit distorted water absorption bands that indicate the presence of hydrated minerals. The laboratory spectra of hydrated salt minerals such as magnesium sulfates and sodium carbonates and mixtures of these minerals provide a close match to the Europa spectra. The distorted bands are only observed in the optically darker areas of Europa, including the lineaments, and may represent evaporite deposits formed by water, rich in dissolved salts, reaching the surface from a water-rich layer underlying an ice crust.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCord, T B -- Hansen, G B -- Fanale, F P -- Carlson, R W -- Matson, D L -- Johnson, T V -- Smythe, W D -- Crowley, J K -- Martin, P D -- Ocampo, A -- Hibbitts, C A -- Granahan, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1242-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbonates ; Evolution, Planetary ; Ice ; *Jupiter ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Oceans and Seas ; *Salts ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Temperature ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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