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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: In a seminal paper, Garrett Hardin argued in 1968 that users of a commons are caught in an inevitable process that leads to the destruction of the resources on which they depend. This article discusses new insights about such problems and the conditions most likely to favor sustainable uses of common-pool resources. Some of the most difficult challenges concern the management of large-scale resources that depend on international cooperation, such as fresh water in international basins or large marine ecosystems. Institutional diversity may be as important as biological diversity for our long-term survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrom, E -- Burger, J -- Field, C B -- Norgaard, R B -- Policansky, D -- ESO 5022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):278-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. ostrom@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Government ; Ownership ; Private Sector ; Privatization ; *Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Social Responsibility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: Governance of social-ecological systems is a major policy problem of the contemporary era. Field studies of fisheries, forests, and pastoral and water resources have identified many variables that influence the outcomes of governance efforts. We introduce an experimental environment that involves spatial and temporal resource dynamics in order to capture these two critical variables identified in field research. Previous behavioral experiments of commons dilemmas have found that people are willing to engage in costly punishment, frequently generating increases in gross benefits, contrary to game-theoretical predictions based on a static pay-off function. Results in our experimental environment find that costly punishment is again used but lacks a gross positive effect on resource harvesting unless combined with communication. These findings illustrate the importance of careful generalization from the laboratory to the world of policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janssen, Marco A -- Holahan, Robert -- Lee, Allen -- Ostrom, Elinor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):613-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1183532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arizona State University, Post Office Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA. Marco.Janssen@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Game Theory ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; Public Policy ; *Punishment ; *Social Behavior ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jianguo -- Dietz, Thomas -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Alberti, Marina -- Folke, Carl -- Moran, Emilio -- Pell, Alice N -- Deadman, Peter -- Kratz, Timothy -- Lubchenco, Jane -- Ostrom, Elinor -- Ouyang, Zhiyun -- Provencher, William -- Redman, Charles L -- Schneider, Stephen H -- Taylor, William W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1513-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. jliu@panda.msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Sociology ; Sweden ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: A major problem worldwide is the potential loss of fisheries, forests, and water resources. Understanding of the processes that lead to improvements in or deterioration of natural resources is limited, because scientific disciplines use different concepts and languages to describe and explain complex social-ecological systems (SESs). Without a common framework to organize findings, isolated knowledge does not cumulate. Until recently, accepted theory has assumed that resource users will never self-organize to maintain their resources and that governments must impose solutions. Research in multiple disciplines, however, has found that some government policies accelerate resource destruction, whereas some resource users have invested their time and energy to achieve sustainability. A general framework is used to identify 10 subsystem variables that affect the likelihood of self-organization in efforts to achieve a sustainable SES.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrom, Elinor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):419-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1172133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. ostrom@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Social Environment ; *Sociology ; *Systems Theory
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gleick, P H -- Adams, R M -- Amasino, R M -- Anders, E -- Anderson, D J -- Anderson, W W -- Anselin, L E -- Arroyo, M K -- Asfaw, B -- Ayala, F J -- Bax, A -- Bebbington, A J -- Bell, G -- Bennett, M V L -- Bennetzen, J L -- Berenbaum, M R -- Berlin, O B -- Bjorkman, P J -- Blackburn, E -- Blamont, J E -- Botchan, M R -- Boyer, J S -- Boyle, E A -- Branton, D -- Briggs, S P -- Briggs, W R -- Brill, W J -- Britten, R J -- Broecker, W S -- Brown, J H -- Brown, P O -- Brunger, A T -- Cairns, J Jr -- Canfield, D E -- Carpenter, S R -- Carrington, J C -- Cashmore, A R -- Castilla, J C -- Cazenave, A -- Chapin, F S 3rd -- Ciechanover, A J -- Clapham, D E -- Clark, W C -- Clayton, R N -- Coe, M D -- Conwell, E M -- Cowling, E B -- Cowling, R M -- Cox, C S -- Croteau, R B -- Crothers, D M -- Crutzen, P J -- Daily, G C -- Dalrymple, G B -- Dangl, J L -- Darst, S A -- Davies, D R -- Davis, M B -- De Camilli, P V -- Dean, C -- DeFries, R S -- Deisenhofer, J -- Delmer, D P -- DeLong, E F -- DeRosier, D J -- Diener, T O -- Dirzo, R -- Dixon, J E -- Donoghue, M J -- Doolittle, R F -- Dunne, T -- Ehrlich, P R -- Eisenstadt, S N -- Eisner, T -- Emanuel, K A -- Englander, S W -- Ernst, W G -- Falkowski, P G -- Feher, G -- Ferejohn, J A -- Fersht, A -- Fischer, E H -- Fischer, R -- Flannery, K V -- Frank, J -- Frey, P A -- Fridovich, I -- Frieden, C -- Futuyma, D J -- Gardner, W R -- Garrett, C J R -- Gilbert, W -- Goldberg, R B -- Goodenough, W H -- Goodman, C S -- Goodman, M -- Greengard, P -- Hake, S -- Hammel, G -- Hanson, S -- Harrison, S C -- Hart, S R -- Hartl, D L -- Haselkorn, R -- Hawkes, K -- Hayes, J M -- Hille, B -- Hokfelt, T -- House, J S -- Hout, M -- Hunten, D M -- Izquierdo, I A -- Jagendorf, A T -- Janzen, D H -- Jeanloz, R -- Jencks, C S -- Jury, W A -- Kaback, H R -- Kailath, T -- Kay, P -- Kay, S A -- Kennedy, D -- Kerr, A -- Kessler, R C -- Khush, G S -- Kieffer, S W -- Kirch, P V -- Kirk, K -- Kivelson, M G -- Klinman, J P -- Klug, A -- Knopoff, L -- Kornberg, H -- Kutzbach, J E -- Lagarias, J C -- Lambeck, K -- Landy, A -- Langmuir, C H -- Larkins, B A -- Le Pichon, X T -- Lenski, R E -- Leopold, E B -- Levin, S A -- Levitt, M -- Likens, G E -- Lippincott-Schwartz, J -- Lorand, L -- Lovejoy, C O -- Lynch, M -- Mabogunje, A L -- Malone, T F -- Manabe, S -- Marcus, J -- Massey, D S -- McWilliams, J C -- Medina, E -- Melosh, H J -- Meltzer, D J -- Michener, C D -- Miles, E L -- Mooney, H A -- Moore, P B -- Morel, F M M -- Mosley-Thompson, E S -- Moss, B -- Munk, W H -- Myers, N -- Nair, G B -- Nathans, J -- Nester, E W -- Nicoll, R A -- Novick, R P -- O'Connell, J F -- Olsen, P E -- Opdyke, N D -- Oster, G F -- Ostrom, E -- Pace, N R -- Paine, R T -- Palmiter, R D -- Pedlosky, J -- Petsko, G A -- Pettengill, G H -- Philander, S G -- Piperno, D R -- Pollard, T D -- Price, P B Jr -- Reichard, P A -- Reskin, B F -- Ricklefs, R E -- Rivest, R L -- Roberts, J D -- Romney, A K -- Rossmann, M G -- Russell, D W -- Rutter, W J -- Sabloff, J A -- Sagdeev, R Z -- Sahlins, M D -- Salmond, A -- Sanes, J R -- Schekman, R -- Schellnhuber, J -- Schindler, D W -- Schmitt, J -- Schneider, S H -- Schramm, V L -- Sederoff, R R -- Shatz, C J -- Sherman, F -- Sidman, R L -- Sieh, K -- Simons, E L -- Singer, B H -- Singer, M F -- Skyrms, B -- Sleep, N H -- Smith, B D -- Snyder, S H -- Sokal, R R -- Spencer, C S -- Steitz, T A -- Strier, K B -- Sudhof, T C -- Taylor, S S -- Terborgh, J -- Thomas, D H -- Thompson, L G -- Tjian, R T -- Turner, M G -- Uyeda, S -- Valentine, J W -- Valentine, J S -- Van Etten, J L -- van Holde, K E -- Vaughan, M -- Verba, S -- von Hippel, P H -- Wake, D B -- Walker, A -- Walker, J E -- Watson, E B -- Watson, P J -- Weigel, D -- Wessler, S R -- West-Eberhard, M J -- White, T D -- Wilson, W J -- Wolfenden, R V -- Wood, J A -- Woodwell, G M -- Wright, H E Jr -- Wu, C -- Wunsch, C -- Zoback, M L -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):689-90. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5979.689.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Research/standards ; Research Personnel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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