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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (4)
  • (Insects)  (2)
  • CO2  (2)
  • Female  (2)
  • 1
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    Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes and other food products, was purified and shown to have cancer chemopreventive activity in assays representing three major stages of carcinogenesis. Resveratrol was found to act as an antioxidant and antimutagen and to induce phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity); it mediated anti-inflammatory effects and inhibited cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (antipromotion activity); and it induced human promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (antiprogression activity). In addition, it inhibited the development of preneoplastic lesions in carcinogen-treated mouse mammary glands in culture and inhibited tumorigenesis in a mouse skin cancer model. These data suggest that resveratrol, a common constituent of the human diet, merits investigation as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jang, M -- Cai, L -- Udeani, G O -- Slowing, K V -- Thomas, C F -- Beecher, C W -- Fong, H H -- Farnsworth, N R -- Kinghorn, A D -- Mehta, R G -- Moon, R C -- Pezzuto, J M -- P01 CA48112/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):218-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology ; Carcinogens ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Fruit/*chemistry ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/prevention & control ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Peroxidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Precancerous Conditions/prevention & control ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced/prevention & control ; Stilbenes/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Assortative mating as a mechanism for rapid evolution of a migratory divide (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-22
    Description: There have been numerous recent observations of changes in the behavior and dynamics of migratory bird populations, but the plasticity of the migratory trait and our inability to track small animals over large distances have hindered investigation of the mechanisms behind migratory change. We used habitat-specific stable isotope signatures to show that recently evolved allopatric wintering populations of European blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla pair assortatively on their sympatric breeding grounds. Birds wintering further north also produce larger clutches and fledge more young. These findings describe an important process in the evolution of migratory divides, new migration routes, and wintering quarters. Temporal segregation of breeding is a way in which subpopulations of vertebrates may become isolated in sympatry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bearhop, Stuart -- Fiedler, Wolfgang -- Furness, Robert W -- Votier, Stephen C -- Waldron, Susan -- Newton, Jason -- Bowen, Gabriel J -- Berthold, Peter -- Farnsworth, Keith -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):502-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Biological Centre, Lisburn Road, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT6 7BL, UK. s.bearhop@qub.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Environment ; Europe ; Female ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Isotopes ; Male ; Passeriformes/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and regulation of HMG-CoA reductase during a cycle of juvenile hormone synthesis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 53 (1987), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: (Insects) ; Diploptera punctata, Corpora allata ; Hormone biosynthesis ; Juvenile hormone III
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0303-7207(87)90178-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the sensitivity of adult cockroach corpora allata to a brain allatostatin
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 70 (1990), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: (Insects) ; Diploptera punctata ; Juvenile hormone ; Neuropeptide ; Pharmacodynamics
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0303-7207(90)90158-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated CO2 alters anatomy, physiology, growth, and reproduction of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 108 (1996), S. 599-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Rhizophora mangle ; Growth ; Photosynthesis ; Reproduction ; CO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mangroves, woody halophytes restricted to protected tropical coasts, form some of the most productive ecosystems in the world, but their capacity to act as a carbon source or sink under climate change is unknown. Their ability to adjust growth or to function as potential carbon sinks under conditions of rising atmospheric CO2 during global change may affect global carbon cycling, but as yet has not been investigated experimentally. Halophyte responses to CO2 doubling may be constrained by the need to use carbon conservatively under water-limited conditions, but data are lacking to issue general predictions. We describe the growth, architecture, biomass allocation, anatomy, and photosynthetic physiology of the predominant neotropical mangrove tree, Rhizophora mangle L., grown solitarily in ambient (350 μll−1) and double-ambient (700 μll−1) CO2 concentrations for over 1 year. Mangrove seedlings exhibited significantly increased biomass, total stem length, branching activity, and total leaf area in elevated CO2. Enhanced total plant biomass under high CO2 was associated with higher root:shoot ratios, relative growth rates, and net assimilation rates, but few allometric shifts were attributable to CO2 treatment independent of plant size. Maximal photosynthetic rates were enhanced among high-CO2 plants while stomatal conductances were lower, but the magnitude of the treatment difference declined over time, and high-CO2 seedlings showed a lower Pmax at 700 μll−1 CO2 than low-CO2 plants transferred to 700 μll−1 CO2: possible evidence of downregulation. The relative thicknesses of leaf cell layers were not affected by treatment. Stomatal density decreased as epidermal cells enlarged in elevated CO2. Foliar chlorophyll, nitrogen, and sodium concentrations were lower in high CO2. Mangroves grown in high CO2 were reproductive after only 1 year of growth (fully 2 years before they typically reproduce in the field), produced aerial roots, and showed extensive lignification of the main stem; hence, elevated CO2 appeared to accelerate maturation as well as growth. Data from this long-term study suggest that certain mangrove growth characters will change flexibly as atmospheric CO2 increases, and accord with responses previously shown in Rhizophora apiculata. Such results must be integrated with data from sea-level rise studies to yield predictions of mangrove performance under changing climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329032
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter- and intra-generic differences in growth, reproduction, and fitness of nine herbaceous annual species grown in elevated CO2 environments (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 104 (1995), S. 454-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Cassia ; Ipomoea ; Polygonum ; CO2 ; Reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In assessing the capacity of plants to adapt to rapidly changing global climate, we must elucidate the impacts of elevated carbon dioxide on reproduction, fitness and evolution. We investigated how elevated CO2 influenced reproduction and growth of plants exhibiting a range of floral morphologies, the implications of shifts in allocation for fitness in these species, and whether related taxa would show similar patterns of response. Three herbaceous, annual species each of the genera Polygonum, Ipomoea, and Cassia were grown under 350 or 700 ppm CO2. Vegetative growth and reproductive output were measured non-destructively throughout the full life span, and vegetative biomass was quantified for a subsample of plants in a harvest at first flowering. Viability and germination studies of seed progeny were conducted to characterize fitness precisely. Early vegetative growth was often enhanced in high-CO2 grown plants of Polygonum and Cassia (but not Ipomoea). However, early vegetative growth was not a strong predictor of subsequent reproduction. Phenology and production of floral buds, flowers, unripe and abscised fruits differed between CO2 treatments, and genera differed in their reproductive and fitness responses to elevated CO2. Polygonum and Cassia species showed accelerated, enhanced reproduction, while Ipomoea species generally declined in reproductive output in elevated CO2. Seed “quality” and fitness (in terms of viability and percentage germination) were not always directly correlated with quantity produced, indicating that output alone may not reliably indicate fitness or evolutionary potential. Species within genera typically responded more consistently to CO2 than unrelated species. Cluster analyses were performed separately on suites of vegetative and reproductive characters. Some species assorted within genera when these reproductive responses were considered, but vegetative responses did not reflect taxonomic affinity in these plants. Congeners may respond similarly in terms of reproductive output under global change, but fitness and prognoses of population persistence and evolutionary performance can be inferred only rarely from examination of vegetative characters alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341343
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-element selective radio frequency plasma detector for capillary gas chromatography (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 11 (1988), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Element selective detection ; Radio frequency plasma ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A radio frequency plasma detector for element specific detection in gas chromatography is described. The detector is comprised of a radio frequency (300 kHz) discharge between electrodes in helium, and utilizes a low-resolution emission spectrometer to monitor selected spectral emission lines produced when the helium discharge decomposes and excites the atomic constituents in the chromatographic column effluent. The spectrometer is tuned to an atomic emission line in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum, and the emission intensity from the discharge region of a selected line is used to monitor the concentration of the element producing that line. Acceptable detector sensitivity was achieved by the use of a high-throughput optical system. Selectivity was achieved by a combination of correct line selection, plasma and carrier gas purification, and plasma gas doping.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110120
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample introduction in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography using sequential density gradient focussing and solvent venting (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 3 (1991), S. 435-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: solvent vent ; density gradient focussing ; capillary columns ; supercritical fluid chromatography ; sample introduction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A technique was developed for large volume sample introduction in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography. A 20-cm length of 200-μm i.d. capillary tubing was used as precolumn. The precolumn temperature could be easily controlled by passing an electrical current through an electrically conductive paint coated on its outer surface. During injection, the sample solvent was vented from the precolumn with CO2 (gas) at 32 atm, while the precolumn was kept at room temperature. Solutes were transferred onto the head of the analytical column as a narrow band by density gradient focussing, which was established with (a) a temperature gradient along the precolumn, (b) a rapid expansion of CO2 from supercritical fluid to gas, and (c) a temperature difference between the precolumn and the analytical column. This injection approach minimized solute mass discrimination and could be easily performed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220030508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed, thermally modulated SFE/GC for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in solid matrices (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 4 (1992), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction ; high speed gas chromatography ; open tubular columns ; thermal modulation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A coupled supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and high-speed gas chromatography (GC) system was developed which permits simultaneous sample extraction and analysis. A thermal desorption modulator at the head of a 50-μm i.d. capillary column was used as an interface between the SFE and GC. The extraction fluid was first split between the modulator and a waste collection vessel. The substances introduced into the modulator were concentrated in the stationary phase and then released as a sharp injection pulse to the analytical column by electrical resistance heated thermal desorption. The modulator was operated at 10-s time intervals, which generated consecutive concentration pulses to the column. These concentration pulses were separated into individual chromatograms by high-speed GC. A set of chromatograms could be generated while the extraction proceeded. With this system, the extractant was sampled continuously so that the SFE process could be monitored in real time for selected components. Quantitative results could be extrapolated before extraction was complete from curves obtained by signal averaging of segmented chromatograms from the set.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220040304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supercritical fluid extraction/gas chromatography with thermal desorption modulator interface and nitro-specific detection for the analysis of explosives (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 7 (1995), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction ; gas chromatography ; thermal desorption modulation ; explosives ; chemiluminescence detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) can greatly reduce the sample preparation time of analytes in solid matrices. The on-line coupling of SFE with high-speed gas chromatography (GC) can further reduce the total analysis time. SFE has been coupled to GC with a thermal desorption modulator (TDM) interface. A thermal energy analyzer (TEA), a chemiluminescence detector which is specific for nitro and nitroso compounds, has been coupled to the system to analyze explosives in soil samples.The use of organic modifiers to increase the solvation power of carbon dioxide was necessary for the extraction of various explosives, and did not adversely affect the performance of the system. Thermally labile compounds, however, such as the nitrate esters, were shown to decompose in the modulator before the chromatographic separation.This method allows for the rapid analysis of relatively volatile and thermally stable nitro compounds from solid matrices. The system can be used for screening small samples in short periods of time. Total analysis can be completed in less than 10 minutes and requires only 200 mg of soil. The minimum detectable quantity for the analysis of 2,4-DNT was found to be 2.6 ppb in an actual soil sample.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070104
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