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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear stress effects on human embryonic kidney cells in Vitro (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1021-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Human embryonic kidney cells grown as an attached, confluent monolayer on a flat substrate were subjected to steady, uniform laminar flow of medium in a specially designed chamber in which flow patterns and shear stress are accurately defined and controlled. Experiments were performed for shear stress levels ranging from 0.2 to 6.0 N/m2 with times of exposure to the shear stress ranging from 2 to 24 h. The influence of the shear field was slight at low shear stress (0.26 N/m2). Higher stress levels (0.65 N/m2 and higher) had significant effects on cell morphology, and on the post-shear release of urokinase enzyme. Still higher stress levels (2.6 N/m2 and higher) caused marked reduction in cell viability. These results may be of interest in addressing practical problems in developing commercial biosynthesis reactors.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270713
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical effects in red blood cell trauma (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 707-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Red blood cell damage and destruction are important problems in the use of artificial valves, heart-lung machines, and other devices which pump or process blood. An experimental study has been made on the mechanism of cell damage. Damage was defined by three types of observations on blood which had been subjected to trauma: (a) release of hemoglobin from cells (hemolysis), (b) morphological changes observed microscopically, and (c) red cell life span studies in rabbits using a Cr51 tagging technique.Three types of physical forces which might be injurious to red cells were studied; shearing stress (of known, constant magnitudes from a concentric cylinder viscometer), pressure variations (from studies in a static pressure cell), and direct impact of solid surfaces (from studies in a device which simulates the seating action of artificial heart valves).The study shows that high shearing stress may be primarily responsible for mechanical cell damage under certain important circumstances. There is a critical shearing stress above which cell damage increases markedly. Much of the cell damage does not appear as an immediate release of hemoglobin. Many cells undergo morphological changes and exhibit shortened average life span in vivo. The morphological changes due to shearing stress are very similar to the changes observed in patients who have hemolytic anemia associated with artificial valves.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150514
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perforated plate efficiency-effect of design and operating variables (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental plate efficiency and pressure drop data were obtained on the n-octane-toluene system in a 5 plate, 6 in. diam. column at atmospheric pressure. Hole sizes of 1/16, 1/8, and 3/16 in.; 5.68 and 12.5% free areas; weir heights of 1, 2, and 3 in.; and plate spacings of 6, 12, 18, and 24 in. were studied. Reflux ratios of one, two, four, five, ten, and total were utilized to determine the effect on efficiency.It was found that hole diameter, free area, plate spacing, and a wide range of reflux ratio had relatively small effect on efficiency and pressure drop; however weir height and lower reflux showed relatively larger effects on both variables.Efficiencies and pressure drops were lower than those predicted from published correlations particularly at low flow rates.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient and steady state, free and natural convection, numerical solutions: Part I. The isothermal, vertical plate (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 690-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerical values are presented for the transient velocity field, temperature field, and local heat transfer coefficient. These results were obtained by solving the partial differential equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy on an IBM-704 computer with finite difference methods in time-dependent form. The computed values for short times agree very well with the analytical solution for conduction only, and the limiting values for long time agree well with previous solutions for the steady state. The existence of a temporal minimum in the heat transfer coefficient is confirmed. The time required for the heat transfer coefficient to approach its steady state is shown to be less than previously predicted.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690080525
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simplification of the mathematical description of boundary and initial value problems (1964)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 10 (1964), S. 110-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690100131
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study on stability and incipient turbulence in poiseuille and plane-poiseuille flow by numerical finite-difference simulation (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 866-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A difference method for treating the complete two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in time-dependent form is applied to the prediction of incipient turbulence. A steady laminar flow profile is disturbed and the propagation of disturbances in time and space is calculated. Changes occur in amplitude and in character much as would be observed in a laboratory experiment. The classical paradox of stability of Poiseuille flow to low amplitude disturbances at all Reynolds numbers is studied and contrasted to plane-Poiseuille flow. The amplitude dependence of stability is demonstrated. The results are shown to be consistent with prior theoretical and experimental work. The work lends strong support to the difference approach to difficult stability problems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130511
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interphase mass and heat transfer in pulsatile flow (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 743-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study on the effects of flow pulsations on interphase mass or heat transfer has been made. The situation corresponds to fully developed flow in a long conduit with a periodic pressure gradient at amplitudes which cause flow pulsations without flow reversal. It is shown that the basic three-parameter formulation can be reduced to a one-parameter problem in the boundary layer formulation. Solutions are developed over wide ranges of the parameters in both the basic and the boundary layer formulations.The boundary approach gives accurate results over wide ranges of the parameters. Pulsations cause increases in the time-averaged interphase flux at intermediate values of a composite frequency-space variable. However, at small values of this variable the pulsations cause a decrease in the flux such that the overall space-averaged flux is always decreased.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210415
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The numerical solution of boundary-layer problems (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 733-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for numerical solution of boundary-layer problems has greater applicability as well as greater speed and accuracy than the several previously proposed methods. The method uses the Goertler-transformed equations and a nonlinear finite-difference procedure. In most earlier work on difference methods the equations have been linearized at each step parallel to the boundary. The method of treatment of the boundary conditions on the equation of change for energy or mass transfer is shown to have an important influence on accuracy, and a new, more accurate method of treating boundary conditions involving the normal derivative is presented.Typical complete solutions are compared with the several methods. The solutions include both similar and more general flows up to separation, as well as coupling between the momentum and energy-balance equations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110432
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transport and temperature distributions in large single drops at low Reynolds numbers: A new experimental technique (1966)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 553-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new experimental technique has been developed for study of transport from drops. Large single drops are heated dielectrically while suspended motionless in an unheated continuous phase. Direct measurements of temperature distributions within drops are presented both for circulating drops and for drops in which surface-active materials retard circulation. The results of the measurements will be useful in assessing the validity of the various proposed models.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690120329
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical study on diffusion in pulsating flow (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 164-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical study has been made on the effect of pulsations in the flow field on interphase mass transfer. The phenomenon is of interest in studies of the cardiovascular system as well as in traditional engineering applications. The physical situation studied corresponds to fully developed flow in a long conduit with a periodic pressure gradient. The mass transfer problem was solved analytically for low amplitude pulsations for the two limiting cases of very small and very large frequencies. In addition, several numerical solutions were developed in the intermediate region where the asymptotic solutions are least accurate. The solutions taken together give a good quantitative overall view of the phenomenon.One of the most interesting and unexpected results is that at very low frequencies it is possible for a pulsatile flow to yield a lower interphase mass flux than a steady Poiseuille flow with the same velocity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150208
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