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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal deesterification and decarboxylation of alternating copolymers of styrene with β-substituted t-butyl α-cyanoacrylates (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 2871-2881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alternating copolymers of styrene with β-carboalkoxy-substituted t-butyl α-cyanoacrylates undergo facile deesterification at 150-190°C, about 60°C below the deprotection temperature of poly(t-butyl methacrylate), and decarboxylation at 170-200°C. When the β-substituent is a methyl ester, the two events are clearly separated, with the deesterification occurring at a maximum rate at 165°C and decarboxylation at 193°C. Anhydride formation is negligible in this case. The copolymer with t-butyl cyanofumarate exhibits simultaneous deesterification and decarboxylation events at 180°C with concomitant minor dehydration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270904
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elementary reaction and anionic polymerization of isopropenly t-butyl ketone (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 1001-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isopropenyl t-butyl ketone (IPTBK) does not undergo radical homopolymerization and its anionic polymerization is a slow equilibrium process with a low ceiling temperature, which is due to its limited conjugation imposed by steric hindrance. Equimolar reactions of IPTBK with several anionic initiators were carried out, products isolated and identified by 1H-and 13C-NMR, and product distributions determined by GC. While n-butyllithium and phenyllithium preferentially produce allyl alcohols, Grignard reagents predominantly undergo β-addition to produce mono-adducts, and a significant amount of dimers. t-Butyllithium and t-butylmagnesium chloride provide the cleanest β-addition with minimal dimer formation and no carbonyl addition. However, Grignard reagent do not yield a polymer. The 1:1 reaction mixture of IPTBK with t-butyllithium is very stable at 0°C, providing a methyl-terminated mono-adduct quantitatively when quenched with methyl iodide after 29 h. Addition of a second IPTBK to the mono-adduct anion appears to be affected by the low ceiling temperature. Although t-butyllithium can efficiently reduce as well as add to di-t-butyl ketone, such reactions are minor in the presence of IPTBK. Anionic polymerization of IPTBK with t-butyllithium was carried out under several conditions. The 1:1 model reactions and the lack of acidic hydrogens in its structure suggest that anionic polymerization of IPTBK with t-butyllithium may be “living.” The molecular weight distribution of the polymers ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 with the number-average molecular weight varying from 2,800 to 233,500. Group transfer polymerization of IPTBK produced only a six-membered lactone.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290707
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoselective synthesis of azobenzene-containing cyclic oligosarcosine and its thermal cis → trans isomerization in solution (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 1597-1611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oligosarcosines, which contain as azobenzene group at the center of the chain and amino groups at both ends [(Sar)n—Azo—(Sar)n], were prepared with the N-carboxyanhydride method. The oligomers were coupled with an equimolar amount of succinyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. When the condensation was carried out under photo irradiation, the azobenzene group assumed the cis configuration and the intramolecular reaction (cyclization) was facilitated. Intermolecular polycondensation occurred preferentially in the dark, in which case the azo group was trans. Cyclic oligosarcosine, which contains one azo group, was isolated by gel chromatography, and its thermal cis → trans isomerization was examined in dimethylformamide. The isomerization rate depended strongly on the number of sarcosine units n in the oligomer; for very small rings (n 〈 5), the rate constants were less than those for open-chain analogs; for rings of medium size (n = 5 ∼ 10), they were larger than those for open-chain analogs; and for longer chains, no significant difference was observed. This specific chain-length dependence was explained by the conformational restrictions of the cyclic oligomers. The ring-restricted isomerization was evidenced by an isomerization-induced conformational change observed in 1H-nmr spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360210810
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    I. Polymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of inorganic substances (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 32 (1973), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1973.050320115
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural analysis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) fibers prepared by drawing and annealing processes (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 2471-2482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) ; fibers ; wide-angle X-ray diffraction ; birefringence ; infrared dichroism ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Structure of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) fibers prepared by drawing and annealing processes has been analyzed through wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), density, infrared dichroism, and birefringence measurements. There are three different types of crystalline structure in these fibers: two of these are the two types of orthorhombic with different orientation modes (the ordinary c-axis orientation (c//Z), and the preferential orientation of c-axis to the direction perpendicular to the fiber axis (c⊥Z)); and the third is pseudohexagonal. The weight fractions of the three types of crystals and amorphous phase were analyzed combining the WAXD integrated intensity and density data. The relation between crystalline orientation factors obtained separately from the WAXD measurement and the infrared dichroic ratio is also discussed. The birefringence of these fibers shows negative and positive values, depending on drawing and annealing temperatures. Considering the intrinsic birefringence and weight fraction of the c//Z, c⊥Z, and pseudohexagonal crystals, birefringence of the amorphous phase was evaluated. The amorphous birefringence shows positive values and decreases with an increase in the annealing temperature. From the analyzed fiber structure, it was speculated that the c⊥Z and pseudohexagonal crystals are preferentially formed in the drawing process irrespective of the drawing temperature.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2471-2482, 1998
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of thermo-sensitive polymeric beads (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1223-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermo-sensitive polymeric beads were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization of aqueous monomer solution containing N-acryloylpyrrolidine (APR) and N,N′-methylenebisacryl-amide (MBA : crosslinking agent). The polymerization conditions such as dispersion medium, dispersing agent, monomer, and initiator concentration were investigated. Fine spherical gels with diameter of 50-500μm were obtained in high yield. The swelling volume of these gels in water continually decreased by raising atmospheric temperature and vice versa. The degree of swelling increased for the gels synthesized with lower degree of crosslinking or with lower monomer concentration at polymerization. The degree of swelling was high in water and alcohols, but the gels swelled even in nonpolar organic solvents, although the degree of swelling was low. The pore radius distribution of the gels was determined by aqueous size exclusion chromatographic method to investigate relations between pore characteristics of the gels and polymerization conditions. Monomer concentration had large effect on pore size, porosity, and pore volume of the gels. On the other hand, degree of crosslinking had little effect on these pore characteristics.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400712
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(methyl α-trifluoromethylacrylate) as a positive electron beam resist (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1000-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A mechanistic hypothesis is presented which explains the radiation chemistry of poly(methyl α-haloacrylate)s. In order to test the hypothesis poly(methyl α-trifluoromethylacrylate) PMTFMA was synthesized together with copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), and the α-trifluoromethyl analog. The mechanistic hypothesis predicts that PMTFMA should have a higher G scission than PMMA and that it should have no crosslinking propensity. This prediction was verified by experiment. Imaging of PMTFMA as a positive e-beam resist is also presented. The new material is a more sensitive resist than PMMA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231805
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical amplification in the design of dry developing resist materials (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1012-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new resist system is described which undergoes spontaneous relief image formation. The resist is formulated from end capped poly(phthaladehyde), PPA, and a cationic photoinitiator such as a diaryliodonium or triarylsulfonium metal halide. The extreme sensitivity of the resist is the result of designing for chemical amplification. The desired amplification results from the fact that photolysis of the sensitizer generates acid which catalyzes main chain cleavage of the polyaldehyde. The uncapped polymer is thermodynamically unstable with respect to reversion to monomer at room temperature so a single acid catalyzed scission results in complete depolymerization to volatile monomer. A single radiochemical event is thereby amplified in the sense that it produces an enormous number of subsequent chemical transformations. PPA/onium salt resist films are so sensitive that exposure to low doses of e-beam, X-ray or ultraviolet radiation results in complete self development without post-exposure processing of any kind. The exposed area simply vaporizes.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231807
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational analysis of poly(ethylene oxide) and model compounds by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 2507-2520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to determine the conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), 13C satellite spectra of PEO, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and dioxane were measured at various temperatures in various solvents, and analyzed. Relations between the coupling constants were derived from the linearity between the parameters N = JAB + JA′B and L = JA′B in AA′BB′ spectra of PEO and DME. The vicinal coupling constants for the individual rotational isomers were obtained from the above relations and the temperature dependences of N and L and the enthalpy differences were calculated in each solvent. The gauche rotamer is more stable than the trans isomer by 250-500 cal/mole in all cases examined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.180121210
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the mechanism of ring opening in ethylene oxide polymerization (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 647-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to obtain quantitative results on the mechanism of ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide, 13C satellite spectra of dideuterioethylene oxides and their polymers prepared by anionic, cationic, and coordination catalysts were measured with deuterium decoupling and analyzed. The ratios of the threo to erythro polymers were same as those of the cis to trans monomers. Therefore, it is concluded that the ring-opening polymerizations of ethylene oxide proceed almost entirely with inversion of configuration, confirming the results obtained by the analysis of the infrared spectra of the deuterated polymers by Price, Tadokoro and co-workers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150312
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