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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 355-357 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An identifiedEnterobacter aerogenesutilizing methanol as a sole carbon source was studied for the optimization of biomass production and the reduction of its nucleic acid content. Results indicated that the highest yield and conversion were obtained at 0.5% methanol. The addition of seawater as a source of trace elements has an adverse effect. However, the addition of urea as source of nitrogen enhanced the growth of E. aerogenes. Heat shock at 60°C for 1 min followed by incubation at 50°C for 2 h caused 72.6% reduction in the nucleic acid.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular and crystal structures of three monothiated analogues of the blocked L-Ala-Aib-L-Ala sequence of peptaibol antibiotics, t-Boc-L-Ala-Aib-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-OMe, Ac-L-Ala-Aib-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-OMe, and Ac-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-Aib-L-Ala-OMe, determined by x-ray diffraction analyses, are reported. In all cases the peptide chain is folded with ϕ,ψ angles close to or slightly distorted from those expected for a type II β-bend conformation. However, the 4 → 1 H-bond distance falls within the accepted limits only for Ac-L-Ala-Aib-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-OMe. The structures are compared with those already published for their two oxygenated analogues.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 1170-1177 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [4+2]-Cycloaddition von Singulett-Sauerstoff und Phenyltriazolindion an Bicyclo[6.1.0]nona-2,4,6-trien und seine DerivateDie Dienreaktivität der Bicyclotriene 1a ([4.3.0]-Isomeres) und 1b ([6.1.0]-Isomeres), von dessen Oxaderivat 6 (Cyclooctatetraenepoxid) sowie von 1,3,5-Cyclooctatrienon (7) gegenüber Singulett-Sauerstoff (1O2) und Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-dion (PTAD) als Dienophile wurde untersucht. Bicyclononatrien 1a liefert das Endoperoxid 9a in 60proz. Ausbeute. Die anderen Substrate 1b, 6 und 7 reagieren nicht mit 1O2. Mit PTAD dagegen wurden aus 1a, 1b, 6 und 7 die Urazole 10a, 8b, 12c und 11 gebildet. Ungewöhnlich ist, daß das Bicyclo[6.1.0]trien 1b nur zum tricyclischen Urazol 8b führt, dem ersten Beispiel solcher [4 + 2]-Cycloaddukte von 1b, während die analoge Oxaverbindung 6 nur tetracyclisches Urazol 12c gibt. Dabei ist zu bemerken, daß 6 mit PTAD beträchtlich träger reagiert als 1b.
    Notes: The dienic reactivity of the bicyclononatrienes 1a ([4.3.0]-isomer) and 1b ([6.1.0]-isomer) and its oxa-derivative 6 (cyclooctatetraene epoxide) as well as 1,3,5-cyclooctatrienone (7), towards singlet oxygen (1O2) and phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) as dienophiles has been investigated. Except for 1a, which affords the endoperoxide 9a in 60% yield, the remaining substrates 1b, 6, and 7 do not react with 1O2. With PTAD 1a, 1b, 6, and 7 afford the urazoles 10a, 8b, 12c, and 11, respectively. Unusual is the fact that the bicyclo[6.1.0]triene 1b leads only to the tricyclic urazole 8b, the first example of this type of [4 + 2]-cycloadduct of 1b, while the oxa-analog 6 affords only the tetracyclic urazole 12c. Moreover, 6 reacts with PTAD considerably more sluggishly than 1b.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 92 (1959), S. 2555-2559 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3.4-Dihydroxy-desoxybenzoin und sein Dimethyläther wurden mit Hilfe von Bortrifluorid in beträchtlich erhöhten Ausbeuten synthetisiert, der Dimethyläther in noch höherer Ausbeute mittels der Grignard-Methode. 3.4-Dimethoxybenzil, Phenylessigsäure-[3.4-dimethoxy-anilid] und N-Benzyl-[3.4-dimethoxy-benzamid] werden erstmals beschrieben. Durch Beckmann-Umlagerung wird gezeigt, daß das Ketoxim des 3.4-Dimethoxy-desoxybenzoins die Konfiguration des syn-Benzyltyps besitzt.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 483-487 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen von 5-Arylmethylen-4-oxo-2-piperidino (morpholino)-2-thiazolinen mit Kaliumhydroxid bzw. Brom
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 677-688 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(cyclopentene sulfone) (PCPS) and poly(bicycloheptene sulfone) (PBCHS) copolymers have been evaluated as potential positive electron beam resists which have good thermal properties and which show high sensitivity to ionizing radiation. It was found that thin copolymer films could be processed as resists but that films greater than 3000 Å thick cracked in the solvents used to dissolve the radiation-exposed regions. Incorporation of plasticizing additives did not improve the film properties. Films from low molecular weight polymer fractions cracked less in solvents, but higher radiation doses were required to offset the reduced sensitivity. This resulted in the formation of intractable residues in the exposed regions which appear to be crosslinked polymer. Bicycloheptene monomers with specific functional groups did not improve the properties of the copolymer films. Terpolymerization with α-olefins such as butene-1 and cis-2-butene plasticized these films and reduced their tendency to crack in solvents. Poly(cyclopentene sulfone-co-butene-1 sulfone) films were found to have the best properties, and 1.25-μ resist images could be etched in SiO2 layers at an exposure dose of 4 × 10-6 C/cm2 at 25KV. However, one important limitation of this terpolymer was the low dissolution rate ratio between the exposed and unexposed regions. Since straight-walled relief images are essential to the formation of high-resolution patterns, the usefulness of this terpolymer as an electron beam resist appears to be hindered by the limited choice of good solvents to maximize the dissolution rate ratio. PBCHS block terpolymers containing methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA) were synthesized to improve the solubility in solvents and to incorporate the properties of methacrylates. PBCHS-MMA films cracked in solvents after irradiation; PBCHS-MAA polymers were too insoluble to form resist films.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2941-2952 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(L-trans-3-ethylproline), L-PT3EP, and poly(D-trans-3-ethylproline), D-PT3EP, were prepared by ring opening polymerization of the corresponding N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) using triethylamine as an initiator. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, it was shown that the incorporation of an ethyl group at the 3 position of the pyrrolidine ring caused a noticeable change in the conformational behavior of the polymer in solution. The ethyl group limited to some extent rotation of the polymer chain around the C——CO bond and prevented the mutarotation between the two forms found in poly-L-proline polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 3437-3458 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis, separation, and optical resolution of cis- and trans-3-ethylproline are described. Two different approaches were employed: (1) The Michael addition reaction of 2-pentenal with diethyl-N-carbobenzyloxyaminomalonate gave the intermediate 3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-N-benzyloxypyrrolidine. Hydrogenolysis of this intermediate followed by acid hydrolysis gave a mixture of cis- and trans-3-ethylproline. Separation of the isomers was accomplished by selective saponification of N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-cis- and trans-3-ethylproline methyl esters using 0.25N methanolic sodium hydroxide. (2) The Michael condensation of diethyl acetamidomalonate with 2-pentenoic acid ethyl ether produced the intermediate 5,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-ethylpyrrolidine. Partial saponification followed by decarboxylation afforded a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers of ethyl-3-ethylpyroglutamate. The diastereoisomers were separated using low temperature fractional crystallization. Reduction of these isomers and tosylation in situ afforded the corresponding N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-cis- and trans-3-ethylprolinols. Chromic acid oxidation gave N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-cis- and trans-3-ethylproline. Reaction of these tosylates with 30% hydrogen bromide in acetic acid gave cis- and trans-3-ethylproline. Both optically active isomers of D(+)-and L(-)-trans-3-ethylproline were successfully resolved using (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid and (-)-dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid as resolving agents. The absolute configurations of the optically active isomers were determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1257-1265 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(methyl methacrylate) ; amphiphlic additive ; graft copolymer ; surface properites ; surface modification ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An amphiphilic graft copolymer was prepared by transesterification of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MPEG2000). The grafting reaction was performed in melt at 155°C. The purified graft copolymer was blended into poly(methyl methacrylate) in concentrations of 1.5-30 wt %, either by mixing in chloroform solution or by melt mixing by means of a twin-screw extruder or a Brabender blender. Films of the blends were prepared by solution casting onto glass plates or by hot pressing between polished Al plates. At concentrations up to 20% of the graft copolymer homogeneous blends were obtained. At higher concentrations the blends were heterogeneous, and side-chain crystallinity was detectable by DSC analysis. The surface properties of the films were studied by measurements of water contact angles. The surface accumulation of the graft copolymer was demonstrated as a large increase in the wetting angle hysteresis, and found to depend on the procedure for film preparation as well as the casting substrate. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1087-1093 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: topotactic polymerization ; 3-aminocrotonamide ; radiation polymerization ; crystal structure ; condensation polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radiation-induced solid-state polymerization of 3-aminocrotonamide (3-amino-2-butenamide) was carried out at room temperature, in open air atmosphere and under vacuum condition. The polymer obtained was white powder, soluble in methanol, but insoluble in water. The nature of polymers were investigated by IR, UV, x-ray, DP-MS, and elemental analysis to elucidate the mechanism of the polymerization. The polymer was crystalline with melting point in the range of 245-255°C. The cell parameters and space group of monomer and polymers were determined from powder x-ray diffraction patterns. The similarity of crystal structures of monomer and polymer indicated a topotactic polymerization. It was shown by spectroscopic investigations and elemental analyses that the polymerization proceeds by condensation reaction with evolution of one mole ammonia per two combined moles of monomer through a free radical mechanism. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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