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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (9)
  • General Chemistry  (8)
  • Phosolipid separation, L/S ratio determination  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of acetylated α-tubulin in retina and in in vitro - assembled microtubules (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 9 (1988), S. 243-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: neurons ; posttranslational modification ; tubulin isoforms ; rod and cone photoreceptors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used the mouse monoclonal antibody 6-11B-1, specific for acetylated α-tubulin, to determine the distribution of acetylated α-tubulin in in vitro-assembled microtubules and retinal tissue. Analysis by immunoblots revealed that microtubules assembled from bovine brain extracts contain both acetylated and nonacetylated α-tubulin. Immunofluorescence, using 6-11B-1 and antitubulin B-5-1-2, a monoclonal antibody specific for α-tubulin, demonstrated the colocalization of both α-tubulin species in neurons of the retina and that acetylated microtubules are relatively abundant in neurons. However, analysis at higher resolution revealed that rod photoreceptors contain spatially distinct microtubule arrays which differ in content of acetylated α-tubulin and differ in stability. Acetylated microtubules which composed those of the rod outer segment and connecting cilium were resistant to depolymerization in nocodazole or colchicine. In contrast, the nonacetylated microtubules which composed those of the rod-inner segment were depolymerized in nocodazole or colchicine. Therefore, these acetylated microtubules are more resistant to depolymerization than non-acetylated microtubules.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970090306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmembrane assemblage of the photoreceptor connecting cilium and motile cilium transition zone contain a common immunologic epitope (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 17 (1990), S. 329-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; glycoconjugates ; axoneme ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The photoreceptor connecting cilium bears a unique transmembrane assemblage which stably links cell surface glycoconjugates with the underlying axonemal cytoskeleton. Structural similarities between the photoreceptor connecting cilium and the transition zone of motile cilia suggests that this assemblage may also be present in motile cilia. Using a subcellular fraction enriched in detergent-extracted photoreceptor axonemes, three high molecular mass glycoconjugates (425, 600, and 700 kD) were previously identified as potential components of the assemblage. Through oligosaccharide characterization and binding of a specific monoclonal antibody, we have verified the localization of the 425 kD glycoconjugate to the transmembrane assemblage. Binding of the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) to the 425 kD glycoconjugate on nitrocellulose blots, and to isolated detergentextracted axonemes, was assessed following treatment with the enzymes neuraminidase and O-glycanase. Changes in binding to the 425 kD glycoconjugate precisely paralleled changes in binding to intact axonemes, supporting the hypothesis that the 425 kD glycoconjugate is a component of the transmembrane assemblage. Furthermore, the results suggest that the 425 kD glycoconjugate contains sialated galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine oligosaccharides which are Olinked to the protein backbone. To directly assess the distribution of the 425 kD glycoconjugate, we produced a monoclonal antibody directed against this glycoconjugate. The antibody, K26, recognizes only the 425 kD on transblots of the axoneme fraction. K26 immunoreactivity of intact axonemes is identical to that seen by PNA staining. K26 staining of isolated photoreceptors and whole retina is uniquely localized to the region of the connecting cilium. Thus, in the photoreceptor, the 425 kD is not only a component of the transmembrane assemblage but is also completely restricted to the connecting cilium.Based on morphological similarities, the photoreceptor connecting cilium is thought to be homologous to the transition zone of the motile cilium. As such, we have stained oviduct epithelium with the K26 monoclonal antibody. Immunoreactivity is restricted to the region of the transition zone at the base of motile cilia. This demonstrates that the photoreceptor connecting cilium and motile cilium transition zone are immunologically related.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970170408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal alterations in cultured cardiomyocytes following exposure to the lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994), S. 119-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; vinculin ; desmin ; sarcolemmal damage ; free radicals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Damage to the cardiac myocyte sarcolemma following any of several pathological insults such as ischemia (anoxia) alone or followed by reperfusion (reoxygenation), is most apparent as progressive sarcolemmal blebbing, an event attributed by many investigators to a disruption in the underlying cytoskeletal scaffolding. Scanning electron microscopic observation of tissue cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes indicates that exposure of these cells to the toxic aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a free radical--induced, lipid peroxidation product, results in the appearance of sarcolemmal blebs, whose ultimate rupture leads to cell death. Indirect immunofluorescent localization of a number of cytoskeletal components following exposure to 4-HNE reveals damage to several, but not all, key cytoskeletal elements, most notably microtubules, vinculin-containing costameres, and intermediate filaments. The exact mechanism underlying the selective disruption of these proteins cannot be ascertained at this time. Colocalization of actin indicated that whereas elements of the cytoskeleton were disrupted by increasing length of exposure to 4-HNE, neither the striated appearance of the myofibrils nor the lateral register of neighboring myofibrils was altered. Monitoring systolic and diastolic levels of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) indicated that increases in [Ca2+]i occurred after considerable cytoskeletal changes had already taken place, suggesting that damage to the cytoskeleton, at least in early phases of exposure to 4-HNE, does not involve Ca2+ -dependent proteases. However, 4-HNE-induced cytoskeletal alterations coincide with the appearance of, and therefore suggest linkage to, sarcolemmal blebs in cardiac myocytes.Although free radicals produced by reperfusion or reoxygenation of ischemic tissue have been implicated in cellular damage, these studies represent the first evidence linking cardiomyocyte sarcolemmal damage to cytoskeletal disruption produced by a free radical product. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex intermolecular interactions maintain a stable linkage between the photoreceptor connecting cilium axoneme and plasma membrane (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994), S. 213-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axoneme-plasmalemma cross-linkers ; cytoskeleton-linked glycoconjugates ; cytoskeleton-membrane interactions ; hydrophobic interactions ; lectin cytochemistry ; SDS-resistance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Microtubule-membrane cross-linkers in motile and nonmotile cilia are supramolecular structures, held together by strong interactions between the constituent molecules. We have characterized these interactions in the photoreceptor connecting cilium, where cross-linkers co-fractionate and maintain their in situ location after Triton X-100 extraction of axonemes. In bovine photoreceptor cells, the transmembrane assemblage that is cross-linked to the connecting cilium axoneme contains three high molecular mass glycoconjugates of 425, 600, and 700 kDa (Horst et al., 1987). The relative amounts of the three glycoconjugates, as judged from band intensity in electrophoretograms, depend strongly on sample treatment prior to electrophoresis. The electrophoretic pattern was reproducible after several weeks of storage of the axoneme fraction in extraction buffer containing 50% sucrose. Removal of sucrose from the buffer by dialysis eliminated the 600 kDa and 700 kDa, and decreased the detected amount of the 425 kDa glycoconjugate. When samples were incubated in Laemmli sample buffer at increasing temperatures (23°, 60°, 95°C), a gradual reduction in the intensity of the three bands was observed. The quantitative reduction of high molecular mass glycoconjugates was accompanied by the appearance of novel protein species of lower molecular mass, as detected by lectin and antibody overlays of axonemal transblots. These results suggest that the previously characterized cross-linker glycoconjugates are complex, SDS-resistant multi-molecular conglomerates. We have further used fluorescent lectins to monitor the presence of glycoconjugates on whole-mounted axonemes, in conditions aimed to selectively solubilize the cross-linkers. The cross-linker complexes could not be dissociated from the axoneme by incubation with buffers containing 1 M of either Na2SO4 or NaI. The results indicate that the connecting cilium-specific cross-linker complexes are bound via high-affinity interactions to both axoneme and overlying plasma membrane. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of amniotic fluid phospholipids by one-dimensional TLC (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 199-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Phosolipid separation, L/S ratio determination ; Quantitation above 100 ng, optimized ; Cupric acetate-phosphoric reagent superior to 3 other reagents ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020413
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of continuous light and darkness on the eyes of the troglobitic salamander Typhlotriton spelaeusThis paper is based in part on a dissertation submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of requirements for a Ph.D. degree at Southern Dlinois University at Carbondale. (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 149 (1976), S. 527-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Larval Typhlotriton spelaeus collected from five caves in Pulaski Co., Missouri, were kept as larvae or induced to transform in darkness or continuous fluorescent illumination. Larvae maintained in darkness for 215 and 279 days had smaller eyes, smaller rod inner and outer segments, and fewer metaphase figures in the genninative zone of the neural retina than comparable larvae maintained in light (258 lux). Except for visual cell size, differences were small and for each characteristic exceptions were observed. One larva kept in light showed early retinal degeneration comparable to that in transformed adults of T. spelaeus. All larvae exhibited optomotor behavior both before and after the experiment.Among animals induced to transform by L-thyroxin and maintained in darkness 111 to 366 days, visual cell and pigment epithelium degeneration was more extensive and more frequent than in animals kept for the same length of time in light (237-298 lux). In darkness the frequency of animals with retinal degeneration increased between 111 and 366 days. In light some animals exhibited pigment epithelium reduction with normal visual cells, and others had free, pigmented cells in the subretinal space. These effects were not comparable to degeneration in darkness. Eyelids covered the eyes of only a few animals in both light and dark treatments. The extent of eyelid encroachment over the eye was greater in darkness than in light. Most animals exhibited optomotor responses after experiments, but responses of animals kept in darkness were impaired in comparison to those of animals kept in light.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051490406
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid requirements for growth of the rabbit blastocyst in vitro (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 70 (1967), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ten amino acids, namely, arginine, histidine, lysine, tryptophane, methionine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, threonine and serine were indispensable for growth of rabbit blastocysts in vitro; others were nonessential. Of all the essential amino acids, arginine and lysine were required in relatively high concentrations, 10-2 M and 10-3 M, respectively, for optimum growth. Complete omission of the non-essential amino acids from the medium markedly reduced blastocyst growth. Interaction between serine and glycine demonstrated a partial sparing action on serine by glycine, similar to that observed between methionine and cysteine. The amino acid composition of a culture medium capable of providing continuous and consistent growth of rabbit blastocysts in vitro is described.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040700204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen consumption in diapausing blastocystsThis project was supported by N. S. F. grant GB-6363 and N. I. H. Fellowship 1-FL-GM-32,621-01. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 70 (1967), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The oxygen consumption of various diapausing blastocysts from mammals having delayed implantation (mink, northern fur seal, black bear, armadillo and lactating rat) was studied with the Cartesian diver apparatus and compared with that of blastocysts from mammals where implantation is not delayed (rabbit, nonlactating rat). In general, there is a variation in the respiratory rate between species and within a species but the oxygen consumption of the delayed blastocysts was not different from the non-delayed ones. It was concluded that the control of the delay in implantation in the animals studied, does not lie in the realm of respiratory changes.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040700105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postembryonic eye degeneration in the troglobitic salamander Typhlotriton spelaeusBased on a dissertation submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of requirements for a Ph.D. at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 144 (1974), S. 381-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Comparative histological observations of the eyes of Typhlotriton spelaeus and several epigean, plethodontid species indicate that the principal postembryonic degenerative changes in the eyes of T. spelaeus involve the eyelids and cornea, visual cells, outer plexiform layer, and the pigment epithelium. Ordinarily these changes were initiated after metamorphosis, before attainment of sexual maturity, but a few larvae had degenerating retinae.The corneal epithelium becomes irregular and thin as eyelids develop during and after metamorphosis, but retains its larval structure in animals in which eyelid overlap is incomplete. Disruption and vacuolation of the lens sometimes occurs in postmetamorphic animals with degenerating visual cells. Retinal degeneration involves reduction of the inner and outer segments of visual cells, loss of the outer plexiform layer, and retraction of apical processes of the pigment epithelium. In its earliest stage, retinal reduction is first apparent at the retinal margin where visual cells are normally less well-differentiated, but in its terminal stage reduction has gone to completion over the entire retina. Extent of retinal degeneration in adults is directly related to postmetamorphic age but there is variability in each age group. Females generally have smaller eyes, and more extensive degeneration of visual cells than males. The loss of visual function in adults is correlated with extensive visual cell degeneration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051440402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keratinocytes stimulate prostaglandin I2 synthesis by 3T3 cells and exhibit enhanced cornification when exposed to prostaglandin I2 analogues (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The predominant cyclooxygenase products of keratinocytes are prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2α with only trace amounts of PGI2 synthesis detected. When normal or immortal (NM1) keratinocytes were co-cultured with mitomycin C-treated 3T3 cells, increased synthesis of PGI2 was noted compared to mitomycin C-treated 3T3 cells alone. The PGI2 level in co-cultures was maximum within the first week and diminished rapidly thereafter. These results suggested keratinocytes enhance the production of PGI2 by 3T3 cells. Keratinocyte cultures incubated with lloprost and Piriprost, stable PGI2 analogues, showed evidence of increased cornification as demonstrated by staining with rhodanile blue, decreased shedding of cells into the culture medium, and more cornified material adhering to the culture surface. The cultures appeared to be responsive between the first and second weeks after plating and the inhibition of shedding could not be reversed by changing to drug-free medium. Control and treated cultures showed identical electrophoretic protein patterns. Immunoblots showed involucrin unchanged in extracts of control and treated cultures while the 22 kd pancornulin was absent in treated cultures. The findings that keratinocytes enhance the production of PGI2 by 3T3 cells and that PGI2 analogues enhance cornification of confluent keratinocytes raise the possibility that eicosanoids may serve as autoregulatory signals together with other factors.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500208
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