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  • 1,2-Diboraheterocycles  (1)
  • 3-D particle tracking  (1)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2)
  • Wiley
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 459-463 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: 1,2-Diboraheterocycles ; Carbon monoxide insertion ; Isonitrile insertion ; Dimerisation ; Spiro insertion products ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The insertion of CO into the B-B bond of 1,2-bis(diisopropylamino)-2,5-dihydro-1H-1,2-diborole (1b) and 1,2-bis(diisopropylamino)-3-methylidene-1,2-diborolane (1c) leads to the dimeric spiro products 1,7,9,14-tetrakis(diisopropylamino)-6,13-dioxa-1,7,9,14-tetraboradispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradeca-2,10-diene (4b) and 1,7,9,14-tetrakis(diisopropylamino)bismethylidene-6,13-dioxa-1,7,9,14-tetraboradispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane (4c). Insertions of CO into the B-B bonds of the cyclic organo-1,2-diborane compounds 5, 6, and 7 are not observed. The reaction of 1b with tert-butyl isocyanide and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide in THF leads to the formation of the monomeric insertion products 1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-2-tert-butylimino-1,3-diboracyclohex-4-ene (10b) and 1,3-bis-(diisopropylamino)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylimino)-1,3-diboracyclohex-4-ene (11b). The treatment of 1cwith the isonitriles yields 2-tert-butylimino-1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-4-methylidene-1,3-diboracyclohexane (10c) and 1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylimino)-4-methylidene-1,3-diboracyclohexane (11c). The steric requirements of the isonitrile insertion products 10b, c and 11b, c prevent their dimerisation and rearrangement. 11b rearranges to 1-(diisopropylamino)-2-(diisopropylaminohydroxyboryl)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylamino)-1-boracyclopent-3-ene (12b) upon reaction with water from sodium sulfate decahydrate. The compositions of the compounds are derived from the 1H-, 11B-, 13C-NMR data as well as from mass-spectral and C, H, N analyses. In the cases of of 4b and 12b they have been proven by X-ray structure analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49 (1996), S. 456-466 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: microcarrier culture ; turbulent mixing ; 3-D particle tracking ; energy dissipation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3-D PTV), a modern, quantitative, visualization tool, has been applied to the characterization of the flow field in the impeller region of cell culture reactor vessels. The experimental system used here is a 250-mL microcarrier spinner vessel. The studies were conducted at three different agitation rates, 90, 150, and 210 rpm, corresponding to healthy, mildly damaging, and severely damaging shear intensities, respectively. The flow can be classified into three regions: a predominantly tangential (azimuthal) flow generated by the impeller; a trailing vortex region coming off the impeller tip; and a converging flow region close to the center of the vessel. The latter two are the regions of highest velocity gradients. Energy dissipation rates due to mean velocity gradients were also calculated to characterize the impeller stream. Local specific energy dissipation rates 〉 10,000 erg/(cm3sec) · have been measured. It is proposed that the critical regions for microcarrier culture damage due to impeller hydrodynamics are the trailing vortex region and the high energy converging flow region. Graphical representation of the mean velocity flow fields and the distribution of energy dissipation rates in the impeller region are also presented here. The merits of using the dissipation function (measure of specific energy dissipation rate) as a possible scale-up parameter are also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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