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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of fullerene-containing poly(alkyl methacrylate)s with narrow polydispersities (1997)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 39 (1997), S. 661-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Copolymers of allyl methacrylate with methyl methacrylate or n-butyl methacrylate were synthesized by group transfer polymerization. The pendant allyl groups of the copolymers were then hydrobrominated, followed by reaction with sodium azide. Fullerene was incorporated via an addition reaction of fullerene with azide group. The resulting fullerene-containing poly(alkyl methacrylate)s have fairly narrow polydispersities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the oxidative and reductive dissolution of magnetite in acidified CuSO4-acetonitrile-H2O and CuCl2−NaCl−H2O leach solutions (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 745-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The oxidative and reductive dissolution of magnetite in acidified aqueous acetonitrile and acidified aqueous NaCl solutions have been investigated by electrochemical methods and correlated with the proton activity in these fundamentally different solution systems. The results are compared with the rates of magnetite dissolution in the presence of copper(II) and copper(I). Under anodic or oxidizing leach conditions magnetite forms a passive Fe2O3 film which inhibits reaction, but under cathodic or reducing leach conditions in the presence of copper(I), magnetite is believed to dissolve via (FeOH)+ intermediate and reacts up to 600 times faster. The rate of dissolution of magnetite depends on its potential and the activity of the proton. The rate follows a Butler-Volmer relationship with a Tafel slope of 120–130mV per decade and exhibits a proton reaction order between 0.85 and 1.0. After allowing for changes in proton activity there is no significant difference between the rate of dissolution of magnetite in the sulphate and chloride leach solutions and no discernable effect of the presence of acetonitrile in the mixed solvent system. Electrochemical studies and leaching studies in which the potential is controlled by the Cu(II)−Cu(I) couple are in good agreement and lead to a fundamental understanding of the optimum conditions required to leach copper selectively from a Cu−Fe3O4 calcine derived from the segregation roasting of chalcopyrite concentrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006928
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-crystal alignment of rubbed polyimide films: A microscopic investigation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 613-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 61.30 ; 61.16 ; 68.35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rubbed polyimide films were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). On a large scale, microgrooves due to rubbing treatment were observed, whilst on a small scale, polyimide chain molecules were found to be non-uniformly oriented. Liquid-crystal mono-layers were adopted in this study as visualizing media for AFM observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081700
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New parametric emissions in diatomic sodium molecules (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65.Cq
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By excitation of sodium vapor with an ultra-violet laser, tunable coherent emissions around 688 and 770 nm generated from diatomic sodium molecules have been observed for the first time. We demonstrate that the emission around 688 nm is due to an axially phase-matched four-wave-mixing process involving cascade emissions of ≈2.54 µm and ≈910 nm radiation from sodium dimers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112836
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic response properties of single neurons in the central posterior nucleus of the thalamus of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 747-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Hearing ; Goldfish ; Thalamus ; Frequency selectivity ; Phase-locking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acoustic responses were recorded extracellularly from single neurons in the thalamic central posterior nucleus (CP). Spontaneous activity, best sensitivity, and sharpness of tuning (Q10db) of CP neurons ranged from 0 to 36 spikes/s, -40 to 5 dB re: 1 dyne/cm2, and 0.18 to 1.80, respectively. The distribution of characteristic frequency (CF) was nonuniform with a mode at 195 Hz. Temporal response patterns of CP neurons (N = 60) were categorized into three groups: phasic (25%), tonic chopper-like (22%), and tonic nonchopper-like (53%) on the basis of peri-stimulus time and inter-spike interval histograms. Most CP neurons (90%) did not phase-lock to tones, and none phase-locked strongly. The properties of CP neurons are similar to those of the midbrain torus semicircularis neurons in spontaneous rates, best sensitivities, nonuniform CF distributions, and in exhibiting level-independent best frequencies. Both CP and toral neurons show a diversity of response patterns resembling those found in the mammalian central auditory system. However, CP neurons have broader tuning and less phase-locking than toral neurons, suggesting different roles in auditory processing. While peripheral frequency analysis is enhanced at the midbrain level, the integration of frequency-selective channels in the thalamus may function in the processing of wideband spectra characteristic of natural sound sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192623
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic response properties of single units in the torus semicircularis of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 33-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Hearing ; Goldfish ; Torus semicircularis ; Frequency selectivity ; Phase-locking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Single units of the goldfish torus semicircularis (TS) were recorded in response to pure tones. Response areas (RA) were obtained by recording the number of spikes evoked by tones in a range of frequencies and levels within the units' dynamic range. RAs gave estimates of best sensitivity (BS), characteristic frequency (CF), most excitatory frequency at each level (BF), and Q10dB. Peri-stimulus-time histograms (PSTH), interspike interval histograms (ISIH), and period histograms were obtained at various frequencies and levels to describe the units' temporal response patterns. The distribution of CF is nonuniform with modes at 155, 455, and 855 Hz. The distribution of the coefficient of synchronization to standard tones is also nonuniform, revealing a dichotomy between units with little or no phase-locking and those that phase-lock strongly. PSTHs for units without significant phase-locking vary widely and include patterns resembling those of the mammalian auditory brainstem. Compared with saccular afferents, torus units tend to have lower spontaneous rates, greater sensitivity, and sharper tuning. Unlike saccular afferents, BF is independent of level for most torus units. Some torus units are similar to saccular afferents while others reveal significant transformations of information between the periphery and the midbrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209616
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral detection of acoustic particle motion by a teleost fish (Astronotus ocellatus): sensitivity and directionality (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Hearing ; Sound localization ; Directional sensitivity ; Cardiac conditioning ; paradigm ; Fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral detection thresholds for oscars (Astronotus ocellatus) were measured in response to linear, oscillatory motion at 100 Hz along seven axes (-90°, -60°, -30°, 0°, +30°, and + 60° in azimuth, where 0° is the fish longitudinal axis; and the vertical axis) using a cardiac classical conditioning paradigm. Thresholds at all selected axes ranged from -58 to- 56 dB re: 1 μm, which corresponds to 1.2 to 1.6 nm displacement (RMS). Thus, oscars appear to be equally sensitive to stimulation at all axes in three dimensional space. Behavioral thresholds of the oscar are close to the neural thresholds obtained from the most sensitive auditory nerve fibers in two other species, the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the toadfish (Opsanus tau).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222789
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscopy and UV-visible absorption-spectroscopy studies of ZnO nanometer colloidal particles supported on graphite (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract ZnO nanometer particles were synthesized by depositing ZnO colloidal suspensions onto the substrate of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). The isolated particles and their aggregation phase were directly imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). High-resolution AFM images have been used to measure the diameter of individual particles, and large area images revealed that these ZnO particles on graphite surface form netlike aggregation. Experimental results also indicated that dispersive particles on a flat area are very mobile and easy to be pushed around during scanning due to the their weak adsorption on the substrate and tip-particle interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of structural transformations in nanophase titanium dioxide by Raman spectroscopy (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 621-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.46.+w; 78.30.-j; 64.70.K
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 ) prepared by a colloidal chemistry method. The evolution of the anatase phase upon annealing was characterized by frequency downshift, intensity increase, and linewidth sharpening of the lowest-frequency Eg mode. The rutile phase was shown to be stabilized at temperatures below 350 °C and was postulated to reside in the surface region of the nanophase. The beginning and ending temperatures for the anatase–rutile transformation in the nanophase were found to be lower than those in single crystals or polycrystalline powders. The microscopic mechanism of the phase transformation was analyzed and the surface effect was suggested. An anomalous phenomenon of amorphization was also detected at the end of the anatase–rutile transformation in the nanophase TiO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050723
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (001) textured PbTiO3 thin films grown on redoping n-Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition under reduced pressure (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 68.55JR; 81.15Gh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  (001) textured PbTiO3 thin films have been deposited on (001) redoping n-Si substrates by metalorgnic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) under reduced pressure, and the film ferroelectricity has been measured using the substrate as bottom electrode directly. Besides this investigation, a set of analysis including AFM surface morphology, SEM cross section morphology, electron-probe element analysis, XRD θ-2θ scan and high temperature X-ray diffraction have been carried out to study the microstructure and phase transition process of the PbTiO3 thin film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050402
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