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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol dehydrogenase in the mouse epididymis (1983)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 77 (1983), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular localization of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the mouse epididymis was investigated using differential substrate specificities and genetic variation as a means of distinguishing these enzymes histochemically in tissue sections. ADH-C2 exhibited high activity in BALB/c epididymis and was observed as a discrete zone within duct epithelial cells near the nuclei. This isozyme exhibited no detectable activity in C57BL/6J epididymis extracts or histochemical sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496638
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of meteorological events on ragweed pollen count (1963)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 7 (1963), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die stündliche und tÄgliche Anzahl von Pollen des Jakobskreuzkrauts(AMBROSIA SPP.) in der Luft (mit einem volumeterischen Sammler bestimmt) wÄhrend der Saison 1961 in Ottawa, Kanada, wurde mit meteorologischen Daten korreliert. Die höchste Pollenzahl in der Luft fiel mit dem Abfall der rel. Feuchte zusammen und der Entwicklung eines überadiabatischen Gradienten in den ersten 65 m Höhe der AtmosphÄre. Die tÄglichen Schwankungen der Pollenzahl wurden tatsÄchlich vollstÄndig von der lokalen Verteilung der Ambrosia spp. und dem Mikroklima bestimmt und konnten nur in geringem Masse mit den Schwankungen der Luftmassen in Zusammenhang gebracht werden.Die Zahl der Pollen in durch Schwerkraft gewonnen Proben fiel gelegentlich qualitativ mit den volumetrisch gewonnen Proben zusammen; es war jedoch nicht möglich, einen konstanten Faktor zu berechnen, um gravimetrisch gewonnene Werte in volumetrische umzuwandeln.
    Abstract: Résumé Le nombre par heure et par jour, des grains de pollen de AMBROSIA SPP. dans l'air, mesuré par un collecteur volumétrique pendant la saison 1961 à Ottawa (Canada)a été comparé avec les données météorologiques.Le nombre le plus élevé correspondait à une chute de l'humidité relative et à un gradient superadiabatique s'élevant jusqu'à 65m d'altitude. La cause des variations quotidienne du nombre des grains de pollen correspondait pratiquement à la distribution locale de Ambrosia spp. et au microclimat, et ne correspondait que dans une faible mesure avec les déplacement des masses d'air. Le nombre des grains de pollen obtenus par gravitation au moyen d'un appareil du type Durham coincidait parfois qualitativement aux valeurs obtenues par un collecteur volumétrique, mars il n'a pas été possible d'établir un facteur constant,qui permÎt de transformer les valeurs gravimétriques en valeurs volumétriques.
    Notes: Abstract Hourly and daily counts of air-borne ragweed pollen, AMBROSIA SPP, taken with a volumetric sampler during the 1961 season at Ottawa, Canada, were compared with meteorological events. The time of daily peak concentration of pollen coincided with the time of decreasing relative humidity and development of a super-adiabatic lapse rate in the first 200 ft of atmosphere. Daily variations in pollen count were virtually completely dominated by the local ragweed population and microclimate but could be explained to a limited extent by variations in air mass.On occasions, gravity slide counts using a Durham type apparatus varied qualitatively with volumetric counts, but it was not possible to obtain a constant factor to convert gravity to volumetric counts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189179
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of isotope tracers for identifying populations of migratory birds (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 109 (1996), S. 132-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Stable isotopes ; Deuterium ; Strontium ; Carbon ; Dendroica caerulescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  To determine whether stable isotopes can be used for identifying the geographic origins of migratory bird populations, we examined the isotopic composition of hydrogen (deuterium, δD), carbon (δ13C), and strontium (δ87Sr) in tissues of a migratory passerine, the black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens), throughout its breeding range in eastern North America. δD and δ13C values in feathers, which are grown in the breeding area, varied systematically along a latitudinal gradient, being highest in samples from the southern end of the species’ breeding range in Georgia and lowest in southern Canada. In addition, δD decreased from east to west across the northern part of the breeding range, from New Brunswick to Michigan. δ87Sr ratios were highest in the Appalachian Mountains, and decreased towards the west. These patterns are consistent with geographical variation in the isotopic composition of the natural environment, i.e., with that of precipitation, plants, and soils for δD, δ13C, and δ87Sr, respectively. Preliminary analyses of the δD and δ13C composition of feathers collected from warblers in their Caribbean winter grounds indicate that these individuals were mostly from northern breeding populations. Furthermore, variances in isotope ratios in samples from local areas in winter tended to be larger than those in summer, suggesting that individuals from different breeding localities may mix in winter habitats. These isotope markers, therefore, have the potential for locating the breeding origins of migratory species on their winter areas, for quantifying the degree of mixing of breeding populations on migratory and wintering sites, and for documenting other aspects of the population structure migratory animals – information needed for studies of year-round ecology of these species as well as for their conservation. Combining information from several stable isotopes will help to increase the resolution for determining the geographic origins of individuals in such highly vagile populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050067
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density, habitat, and the mating system of the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) (1971)
    Springer
    Oecologia 7 (1971), S. 191-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis that intense predation, variable food availability, and increased social interactions in high density populations have been important factors promoting the evolution of polygynous and promiscuous mating systems in certain Calidridine sandpipers (Holmes and Pitelka, 1966) is examined in breeding populations of the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) in subarctic Alaska. Western Sandpipers breed in a habitat consisting of a complex mosaic of wet low-lying marshes and relatively well-drained, heath-covered tundra. They defend small territories and nest on the latter, while some feeding also occurs there. Most foods however are obtained off territory in the wet marshes and along the shores of lakes, rivers and sloughs. Densities in the nesting areas ranged from 132–196 pairs/40 ha at the base of a low range of hills to 200–300/40 ha on hummocks surrounded completely by marsh. These densities, the highest reported for a Calidridine sandpiper, are relatively constant from year to year. The mating system of the Western Sandpiper is monogamous, both sexes incubate and care for young. Correlated with a strong single pair-bond and stable populations is a strong tendency to return to the same site. Of sandpipers marked, an average of 57.6% of males and 48.8% of females returned in succeeding years, frequently to the same territory or its immediate vicinity. Of the pairs returning to the study area in subsequent years, 61.5% reunited. The restriction of nesting activities to heath tundra is considered to be a result of the protection it provides for nests. With the separation of nesting and feeding areas and with relatively abundant food sources that are not significantly affected by weather, a large nesting area is not required, allowing high densities of Western Sandpipers to occupy the patches of heath-covered tundra. In this ecological context, the high intensity of social interactions has not resulted in the evolution of a nonmonogamous mating system. Indeed, the increased protection afforded offspring by the presence of both parents is probably the most important selective force promoting the evolution of the monogamous mating pattern in Western Sandpipers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346361
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal and individual variability in the foraging behavior of American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) (1978)
    Springer
    Oecologia 36 (1978), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The foraging behavior of American redstarts, Setophaga ruticilla (Aves: Parulidae), was examined from dawn to dusk in the nestling phase of their breeding cycle in a northern hardwoods forest in New Hampshire, USA. Based on a sample size of nearly 3000 foraging acts, we found that redstarts hawked more and foraged lower at midday than early in the morning, coincident with a statistically significant increase in the abundance of flying insects in the lower strata of the forest at that time of day. Furthermore, individual redstarts of like sex on adjacent territories and members of mated pairs on the same territory often foraged at significantly different heights, used significantly different combinations of foraging methods, or both. A complex of factors, including the diurnal changes in insect distribution and availability, influences how birds search for and capture prey, and results in intraspecific variability which complicates studies of species-typical foraging patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation states of the upper mantle recorded by megacryst ilmenite in kimberlite and type A and B spinel lherzolites (1984)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 85 (1984), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The intrinsic oxygen fugacities of homogeneous, inclusion-free, megacryst ilmenites from the Frank Smith, Excelsior, Sekameng and Mukorob kimberlite pipes in southern Africa, and the alnöitic breccia in the Solomon Islands have been determined. Similar measurements have been made of the type A and B spinel peridotites from San Carlos in Arizona. The type A peridotites are characterised by oxygen fugacities close to the iron-wüstite buffer, similar to those of equivalent peridotite specimens from other continental and island arc environments. In strong contrast, the type B peridotites and all of the ilmenite megacrysts range between the oxygen fugacities defined by the nickelnickel oxide and fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffers. A close relationship between type B peridotites, oxidized metasomatizing fluids in the upper mantle and oxidized, silicaundersaturated magma types is suggested. It is unlikely that a solid elemental carbon phase can be an equilibrium crystallization product of kimberlite magmas if the ilmenite megacrysts represent the redox state of kimberlite melts. The ultimate source of the oxidizing fluids and the development of such a wide dispersion (〉4 orders of magnitude) in oxygen fugacities of the upper mantle is not clear, but may involve recycled lithosphere, fluids from the lower mantle or result from the relatively rapid diffusion of H2, compared with other potential volatile species, in the mantle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380225
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation. III. Cellular chemical composition and morphology of Chaetoceros debilis, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira gravida (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 43 (1977), S. 19-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros debilis, and Thalassiosira gravida were grown under no limitation and ammonium or silicate limitation or starvation. Changes in cell morphology were documented with photomicrographs of ammonium and silicate-limited and non-limited cells, and correlated with observed changes in chemical composition. Cultures grown under silicate starvation or limitation showed an increase in particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosporus and chlorophyll a per unit cell volume compared to non-limited cells; particulate silica per cell volume decreased. Si-starved cells were different from Si-limited cells in that the former contained more particulate carbon and silica per cell volume. The most sensitive indicator of silicate limitation or starvation was the ratio C:Si, being 3 to 5 times higher than the values for non-limited cells. The ratios Si:chlorophyll a and S:P were lower and N:Si was higher than non-limited cells by a factor of 2 to 3. The other ratios, C:N, C:P, C:chlorophyll a, N:chlorophyll a, P:chlorophyll a and N:P were considered not to be sensitive indicators of silicate limitation or starvation. Chlorophyll a, and particulate nitrogen per unit cell volume decreased under ammonium limitation and starvation. NH4-starved cells contained more chlorophyll a, carbon, nitrogen, silica, and phosphorus per cell volume than NH4-limited cells. N:Si was the most sensitive ratio to ammonium limitation or starvation, being 2 to 3 times lower than non-limited cells. Si:chlorophyll a, P:chlorophyll a and N:P were less sensitive, while the ratios C:N, C:chlorophyll a, N:chlorophyll a, C:Si, C:P and Si:P were the least sensitive. Limited cells had less of the limiting nutrient per unit cell volume than starved cells and more of the non-limiting nutrients (i.e., silica and phosphorus for NH4-limited cells). This suggests that nutrient-limited cells rather than nutrient-starved cells should be used along with non-limited cells to measure the full range of potential change in cellular chemical composition for one species under nutrient limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392568
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A geometric characterization of non-atomic measure spaces (1973)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 200 (1973), S. 347-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01428265
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An airborne instrument system for atmospheric boundary-layer research (1972)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 3 (1972), S. 59-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A description is given of an airborne instrument system that was designed for mesometeorological research. The system was constructed so that it could be transported in a light twin-engined aircraft (Piper Aztec D), primarily to measure the fluxes of heat, momentum, and water vapor near the surface, together with several climatic variables. Parameters related to aircraft performance, behaviour and position were also measured. Most of the instruments were positioned on a rigid, fuselage-mounted nose-boom. Various components of the instrument system are briefly described and evaluation data are presented which establish the design performance of the instrument system. Some present and future applications of airborne techniques in climatological and boundary-layer research are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00769107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A geometric characterization of non-atomic measure spaces (1969)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 182 (1969), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01350163
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