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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 85 (1998), S. 49-61 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: 2+ concentration. This review describes our present knowledge about the signal transduction and its fine tuning by a complex network of Ca2+-mediated processes in vertebrate photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 157 (1996), S. 251-258 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: heart failure ; adrenergic receptor ; muscarinic receptor ; G-protein ; phosphodiesterase inhibitor ; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ; β-adrenoceptor antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In end-stage heart failure the expression of different myocardial regulatory proteins involved in the β-adrenergic cAMP signalling pathway is altered. The downregulation of β-adrenoceptors and their uncoupling from the effector as well as an increased expression of the inhibitory GTP-binding protein seem to be the most important alterations. Since catecholamine levels are elevated in these patients and since some alterations can be ‘restored’ after treatment with β-adrenoceptor antagonists it was hypothesized that excessive β-adrenergic stimulation could be involved in these alterations. In this article the changes of β-adrenergic receptors, GTP-binding proteins, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and of phospholamban found in heart failure are addressed with its possible therapeutic implications.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; direct repeats ; GC-rich sequences ; molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Yeast ; Ty-VLPs ; Ty-encoded functions ; Processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have analysed functional properties of putative proteins encoded by the yeast transposable element, Ty1, by overexpression of TY genes. High-level expression was achieved by appropriate fusion of a Ty sequence, TY9C, to the yeast ADH1 promoter and transformation of yeast cells with this construction. As shown recently by others (Garfinkel et al. 1985; Mellor et al. 1985c) TY over-expression leads to an increase in particle-bound reverse transcriptase activity and to an intracellular accumulation of virus-like particles (Ty-VLPs). We have used a number of deletions in the second open reading frame (TYB) to identify functional domains required for processing and assembly of Ty proteins. Deletions in the TYB region with homology to acid proteases result in overproduction of an unprocessed form of the TYA protein (pro-TYA) which represents the major protein of Ty-VLPs. One particular mutant construction, TY9C-Δ36, led to the accumulation of a particle-bound, 160 kDa protein which cross-reacted with a mouse antiserum raised against purified pro-TYA protein. This supports the hypothesis that TYB is expressed as a TYA/TYB fusion protein which is processed by a TYB-encoded protease activity. Ty-VLPs are formed in the absence of protein processing and even when the TYB gene is not expressed. Thus, we assume that the assembly of Ty particles occurs prior to processing of Ty proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 226 (1991), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Retrotransposons ; Reverse transcription ; Ty elements ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Transposition of the yeast transposable element, Ty, has been shown to require a reverse transcription process. By analysing the extrachromosomal Tyspecific nucleic acid molecules associated with overproduced Ty virus-like particles (Ty-VLPs), we identified several reverse transcribed cDNA strands. Most of them resemble the characteristic intermediates of the reverse transcription process described for authentic retroviruses: a (−) strong-stop DNA strand covalently bound to an RNA primer, two elongated (−) strands with one or two long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and a (+) strong-stop DNA. Surprisingly, complete (+) strands and full-length linear duplex Ty DNA could not be detected. The structural features of two additional (÷) strands may indicate some differences between the mechanisms of (+) strand synthesis in Ty and other retrotransposons or retroviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; HSP70 ; Light induction ; Inhibitors ; Promoter deletions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Induction ofHSP70 heat shock genes by light has been demonstrated inChlamydomonas. Our aim was to establish whether this induction by light is mediated by the heat stress sensing pathway or by an independent signal chain. Inhibitors of cytoplasmic protein synthesis revealed an initial difference. Cycloheximide and other inhibitors of protein synthesis preventedHSP70A induction upon illumination but not during heat stress. Analysis ofHSP70A induction in cells that had differentiated into gametes revealed a second difference. While heat shock resulted in elevatedHSP70A mRNA levels, light was no longer able to serve as an inducer in gametes. To identify the regulatory sequences that mediate the response of theHSP70A gene to either heat stress or light we introduced a series of progressive 5′ truncations into its promoter sequence. Analyses of the levels of mRNA transcribed from these deletion constructs showed that in most of them the responses to heat shock and light were similar, suggesting that light induction is mediated by a light-activated heat shock factor. However, we show that theHSP70A promoter also containscis-acting sequences involved in light induction that do not participate in induction by heat stress. Together, these results provide evidence for a regulation ofHSP70A gene expression by light through a heat shock-independent signal pathway.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Real-time systems 18 (2000), S. 217-247 
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Keywords: hard real-time systems ; static timing analysis ; set-associative instruction cache ; worst-case execution time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper contributes a comprehensive study of a framework to bound worst-case instruction cache performance for caches with arbitrary levels of associativity. The framework is formally introduced, operationally described and its correctness is shown. Results of incorporating instruction cache predictions within pipeline simulation show that timing predictions for set-associative caches remain just as tight as predictions for direct-mapped caches. The low cache simulation overhead allows interactive use of the analysis tool and scales well with increasing associativity. The approach taken is based on a data-flow specification of the problem and provides another step toward worst-case execution time prediction of contemporary architectures and its use in schedulability analysis for hard real-time systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Real-time systems 17 (1999), S. 209-233 
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Keywords: Timing analysis ; data cache ; wrap-around fill cache ; worst-case execution time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, an automatic tool-based approach is described to bound worst-case data cache performance. The approach works on fully optimized code, performs the analysis over the entire control flow of a program, detects and exploits both spatial and temporal locality within data references, and produces results typically within a few seconds. Results obtained by running the system on representative programs are presented and indicate that timing analysis of data cache behavior usually results in significantly tighter worst-case performance predictions. Second, a method to deal with realistic cache filling approaches, namely wrap-around-filling for cache misses, is presented as an extension to pipeline analysis. Results indicate that worst-case timing predictions become significantly tighter when wrap-around-fill analysis is performed. Overall, the contribution of this paper is a comprehensive report on methods and results of worst-case timing analysis for data caches and wrap-around caches. The approach taken is unique and provides a considerable step toward realistic worst-case execution time prediction of contemporary architectures and its use in schedulability analysis for hard real-time systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-2585
    Electronic ISSN: 1865-9748
    Topics: Economics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-09-11
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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