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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of phototactic behavior of first-instar larvae of rice leaffolder by plant factors (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rice leaffolder ; Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ; orientation ; movement ; phototaxis ; plant factors ; rice volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au laboratoire et en plein champ, avec la lumière venant d'en haut, les larves du premier stade de la pyrale du riz C. medinalis s'orientent vers le bars lorsqu'elles se trouvent sur une feuille de riz tenue verticale, et elles s'orientent vers le haut lorsqu'elles sont sur du papier filtre. La direction d'orientation sur les deux substrat s'inverse lorsque la lumière provient du bas. Ces différences d'orientation par rapport à la source de lumière, sur la feuille de riz et sur le papier filtre, se maintiennent même lorsque le substrat est horizontal. Lorsque l'expérience est effectuée dans l'obscurité, l'intensité de la réaction d'orientation vers le haut sur du papier filtre tenu verticalement se réduit, et l'orientation vers le bas sur la feuille de riz disparaît. Sur des substrats horizontaux (feuille de riz et papier filtre), les larves ne s'orientent pas dans l'obscurité. On n'observe pas de différence dans le comportement d'orientation entre des larves issues d'œufs pondus sur des plants de riz ou sur des substrats non végétaux, ou entre des larves exposées aux substances volatiles du riz ou à de l'air pur. Le comportement d'orientation des larves du premier stade sur des variétés de riz susceptibles ou résistantes est similaire, mais sur des graminées non-hôtes on n'observe pas d'orientation significative vers le haut ou vers le bas. En traitant les feuilles de riz avec de l'hexane pour enlever les cires de surface, on réduit l'intensité de la réaction d'orientation; cependant, l'application de cires de surface sur du papier filtre ne modifie pas significativement le comportement des larves. Sur une feuille de riz séchée, l'orientation est similaire à celle observée sur papier filtre, mais est d'une intensité plus faible. Les substances volatiles du riz extraites par distillation à la vapeur et appliquées sur une feuille de riz séchée causent une perte d'orientation à 500 pm, tandis que leur application sur du papier filtre cause une décroissance dose-dépendante de l'intensité de l'orientation vers le haut. Ces résultats indiquent que les larves du premier stade de C. medinalis sont positivement phototactiques et que des substance volatiles et d'autres substances jusqu'ici non identifiées et présentes dans les plants de riz causent une inversion ans la phototaxie, ce qui résulte en une orientation vers le bas sur les feuilles de riz.
    Notes: Abstract First-instar larvae of the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenńe) oriented upwards on a vertically inclined filter paper and downwards on a rice leaf when the light source was from above. The direction of orientation was reversed when the light source was from below. The opposite directions of orientation on these substrates persisted when the substrates were held horizontal with light source from the sides. No difference was observed in the magnitude of reaction on susceptible and resistant rice varieties or when the rice leaf was held with its distal end pointing down. On non-host grasses, however, the directional orientation was lost. Dipping rice leaves in hexane decreased the magnitude of reaction. On dried rice leaf, the reaction was similar to that on filter paper but was of a lower magnitude. Application of rice plant volatile extracts on a filter paper decreased the intensity of upward orientation while 500 ppm of the volatile extracts applied on dried leaf caused a loss of oriented movement. Application of a mixture of seven volatile chemicals, identified from rice, decreased the magnitude of reaction significantly. It is concluded that rice plant volatiles along with some other hitherto unidentified rice plant factor cause a reversal of phototaxis, leading to downward orientation on the rice leaf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164939
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding site selection of first-instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis on susceptible and resistant rice plants (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rice leaffolder ; neonate larval ; feeding site ; movement ; whorl leaf ; mature leaf ; resistance ; varieties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract More first-instar larvae of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), were recovered from susceptible IR36 and Roxoro rice varieties than resistant TKM6 and Oryza perennis, 24 h after infestation. Within a rice plant, a higher proportion of larvae was recovered from young whorl leaf, followed by mature leaves and leafsheaths on all the four rice varieties tested. However, differences were observed between susceptible and resistant varieties in the distribution of larvae on these three plant parts. In laboratory choice tests, first-instar larvae preferred to settle on the young leaves of IR36 and TKM6 when presented with their respective mature leaves. No such preference was observed in tests with Rexoro and O. perennis. Larval survival was similar on young and mature leaves of Rexoro. Young leaves of IR36 and TKM6 were more suitable for survival in comparison with their respective mature leaves while the reverse was true for O. perennis. Larval movement was slower on the mature leaves and larvae took longer to reach the whorl leaf of TKM6 than on IR36. The density of trichomes of the abaxial surface of TKM6 was higher than that of the other varieties tested. Adaptive significance of feeding in the leafwhorl to young larvae is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164958
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic scattering of intermediate energy protons on4He and12C (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 303 (1981), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic angular distribution and polarization of ∼1 GeV protons on4He and12C have been analysed using the recently proposed correlation expansion for the Glauber amplitude by retaining terms up to three-body density only. The calculations include Coulomb and spin effects. Using realistic form factors for target nuclei it is found that we need to consider only up to the second-order density term to provide a satisfactory explanation of both kinds of experimental data in the available momentum transfer region. The contribution of the three-body density term is only marginal except in4He differential cross-section in the cm angular range 45°〈θ cm〈65°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420274
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and physiological responses of rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to selected wild rices (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; insect resistance ; leaffolders ; wild rices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Reisblattroller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, ist ein Hauptschädling für Reis in mehreren asiatischen Ländern. Züchtung von Resistenz genenüber dem Blattroller ist eine praktikable Methode der Bekämpfung dieses Schädlings. Da alle modernen Reissorten gegen C. medinalis anfällig sind, werden verbesserte Sorten mit Resistenz gegenüber diesem Schädling benötigt. Glücklicherweise zeigen einige Wildreisarten ausgeprägte Resistenze gegenüber diesem Schädling. Die Resistenzmechanismen für C. medinalis in Wildreis sind jedoch unklar. Wir untersuchten auf welche Weise die Etablierung von C. medinalis auf selektierten Wildreisarten beeinflusst wird. Von vier ausgewählten Wildreisarten zeigten Oryza perennis und O. punctata Resistenz gegenüber dem Blattroller, während O. australiensis und O. nivara mässig resistant waren. Larven von C. medinalis zeigten ein starke Nicht-Präferenz in der Besiedlung von O. australiensis, O. perennis und O. nivara im Vergleich zu der anfälligen Reissorte IR36. Von den getesteten Wildreisarten wurde jedoch nur O. australiensis hinsichtlich Larvenbesiedlung und-frass stärker bevorzugt als die resistenten TKM6 Pflanzen. Der Wachstumsindex von C. medinalis war, mit Ausnahme von O. punctata, auf allen Wildreisarten signifikant niedriger als auf IR36 und TKM6 Pflanzen. Im Käfig zeigte das erste Larvenstadium an O. perennis signifikant niedrigere Larven- und Puppengewichte als an den übrigen Wildreisarten. Die Beigabe von trockenem Blattmehl von O. punctata und O. perennis Wildreis zur künstlichen Nahrung verursachte hohe Larvensterblichkeit. Eiablegende Weibchen zeigten weniger Präferenz für Wildreis als für IR36 und TKM6 Pflanzen. Da Resistenz gegen C. medinalis in angebauten Reissorten selten vorkommt, könnte die Resistenz, die in Wildreis identifiziert wurde, im Züchtungsprogramm Verwendung finden.
    Notes: Abstract Of four wild rices evaluated, Oryza perennis and O. punctata showed resistance to rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), whereas O. australiensis and O. nivara were moderately resistant. C. medinalis larvae showed a strong nonpreference for settling and feeding on Oryza australiensis, O. perennis and O. nivara as compared to susceptible IR36 rice variety. Among wild rices tested, however, only O. australiensis, was more preferred for larval settling and feeding than resistant TKM6 plants. The growth index of C. medinalis on all wild rices, except O. punctata was significantly lower than on IR36 and TKM6 plants. First-instar larvae caged on O. perennis showed significantly lower larval and pupal weights than those on other wild rices. Incorporation of dry leaf powder of O. punctata and O. perennis wild rices in an artificial diet caused high larval mortality. Ovipositing gravid females showed less preference for wild rices than for IR36 and TKM6 plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163936
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of trichomes in soybean resistance to cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Glycine max ; soybeans ; trichomes ; plant resistance ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la densité et de la longueur des trichomes de Glycine max sur la résistance à Trichoplusia ni a été évaluée suivant la position des feuilles sur une lignée résistante (‘PI 227687’) et sur un cultivar sensible (‘Davis’). Les feuilles apicales (juvéniles) tant de PI 227687 que de Davis, recouvertes de trichomes denses, résistèrent mieux à l'alimentation larvaire et à la survie de T. ni. Quand ces trichomes étaient éliminés, ces feuilles ne résistaient pas plus à l'alimentation des larves de T. ni que les feuilles non rasées TL3 et TL5 de PI 227687 ou toutes les autres feuilles de Davis. Les tests avec des extraits dans l'acétate d'éthyle et l'hexane de feuilles provenant de différentes positions de PI 227687 et Davis, destinés à mettre en évidence des phagodissuadants, ont montré que la résistance observée chez les feuilles apicales de Davis était attribuable aux trichomes (c'est-à-dire à un caractère morphologique), tandis que chez les mêmes feuilles de PI 227687 elle impliquait à la fois des trichomes (morphologie) et des substances chimiques, mais avec une prédominance de l'influence des trichomes.
    Notes: Abstract Role of leaf trichome density and length in Glycine max (L.) Merr. resistance to Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) was evaluated at different leaf positions on a relatively resistant soybean, plant introduction (PI) 227687, and a relatively susceptible cultivar, ‘Davis’. The uppermost (juvenile) leaf within both PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants, which is densely covered with trichomes, was most resistant to T. ni larval feeding and survival. When these trichomes were shaven off, such leaves became as susceptible to T. ni larval feeding as unshaven TL3 and TL5 leaves (PI 227687) or all other unshaven leaves (‘Davis’). Bioassays for antifeedants in ethyl acetate and hexane extractables from leaves at the different positions on PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants showed that the resistance observed in the uppermost ‘Davis’ leaf is attributable to trichomes (i.e., a morphological factor); whereas, in the uppermost PI 227687 leaf it involves both morphological (trichomes) and chemical factors, but the trichome parameter is dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343536
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrations caused by neem oil odour in green leafhopper feeding on rice plants (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Feeding behaviour ; green leafhopper ; neem oil ; Nephotettix virescens ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De nombreux essais en plein champ à l'I.R.R.I. ont révélé une réduction du T.V. (tungro virus) transmis par (Nephotettix virescens) sur des parcelles de riz sensible non-traitées, entourées de parcelles pulvérisées périodiquement avec de l'essence de graines de neem (Azadirachta indica). L'essence de neem a une forte odeur d'ail, perceptible à distance. Nous avons examiné l'effet de l'odeur d'essence de neem sur le comportement alimentaire deN. verescens, grâce à un dispositif électronique et un colorant spécifique de la lignine. Sur du riz maintenu dans une enceinte imprégnée d'odeur d'essence de neem, nous avons constaté une diminution de la consommation de phloème, une augmentation significative de la fréquence des piqûres et une augmentation de temps de salivation et d'absorption de xylème. Ces altérations du comportement alimentaire provoquées par l'odeur d'essence de neem peuvent expliquer la diminution de la fréquence du T.V. spécifique du phloème dans des champs de riz non-traités, entourés de champs pulvérisés avec de l'essence de neem.
    Notes: Abstract Using an electronic device and a lignin-specific dye, the feeding behaviour of the green leafhopper,Nephotettix virescens (Distant), (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was monitored on rice plants kept in an arena permeated with the odour of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed oil. The garlicky odour of neem oil disrupted the normal feeding behaviour of the leafhopper. Phloem feeding byN. virescens on rice plants kept in an arena permeated with odour of 6, 12, or 25% neem oil was significantly reduced compared with that on control plants kept in an arena with paraffin oil or 1.66% aqueous ‘Teepol’ solution. Reduced intake from phloem was associated with a significant increase in the insect's probing frequency and an increase in durations of salivation and xylem ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epididymal histoplasmosis diagnosed by isolation ofHistoplasma capsulatum from semen (1995)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 131 (1995), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Amphotericin B ; Epididymal histoplasmosis ; Histoplasma capsulatum ; Semen culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An autochthonous case of epididymal histoplasmosis masquerading as tuberculosis in a 55-year-old male patient is reported from India. It was diagnosed by culture ofHistoplasma capsulatum from semen and by demonstration of the fungus upon re-examination of epididymal biopsy sections previously misinterpreted as tuberculous granuloma. The patient's main complaints were painful epididymal swelling, occasional fever and cough. He was treated successfully by excision of epididymis and vas deferens combined with amphotericin B therapy. This is believed to be the first case of epididymal histoplasmosis to be reported outside the American continent and the fourth of its type reported in the English literature. The case is also noteworthy in thatH. capsulatum was isolated for the first time from semen, and it underlines the importance of mycological culture of semen specimens for diagnosis of genitourinary infections of obscure etiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102897
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA): Studies on the general and specific humoral response (1978)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 63 (1978), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum specimens from 138 patients suffering from chronic respiratory disorders including 63 with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), 20 with suspected ABPA, 25 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 14 with bronchial asthma, 10 with chronic bronchitis and 6 with miscellaneous pulmonary conditions were studied for circulating antibodies to Aspergillus. The ammonium sulfate test was employed with an iodine-125 labeled mycelial component derived from Aspergillus fumigatus. When compared to normal controls from the same area, this test indicated that sera from 82 per cent of patients with ABPA had elevated binding titers to the radiolabeled antigenic component. Immunodiffusion using a culture filtrate antigen from A. fumigatus, revealed precipitating antibody to this fungus in 89 per cent of sera from ABPA patients. The majority of patients with ABPA demonstrated marked elevations of total serum IgE, moderate elevations of serum IgA and IgD and slightly increased levels of IgG and IgM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00473155
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of clinically important thermophilic actinomycetes in vegetable substrates and soil in north-western India (1989)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 56 (1989), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: thermophilic actmonycetes in India ; Faenia rectivirgula ; Thermoactinomyces spp. ; Saccharomonospora viridis ; hay ; compost ; bagasse ; soil ; straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Medically important thermophilic actinomycetes were isolated from 218 (64%) of 341 samples of vegetable substrates and soil examined from sites in north-western India. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (T. candidus) was the commonest species, occurring in 56% of samples, followed by Saccharomonospora viridis in 29%, Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus in 27%, Faenia rectivirgula (Micropolyspora faeni) in 21% and Thermoactinomyces sacchari in 14%. T. vulgaris and T. thalpophilus were isolated from all types of substrate examined, with T. vulgaris always more common than T. thalpophilus. Of the other thermophilic actinomycetes, F. rectivirgula was isolated predominantly from hay (44%) and S. viridis (56%) and T. sacchari (44%) from sugarcane bagasse. The largest populations of T. vulgaris and T. thalpophilus were found in paddy straw, followed by T. sacchari, S. viridis and F. rectivirgula in sugar-cane bagasse. The widespread occurrence of these clinically important thermophilic actinomycetes suggests that exposure of humans and animals to them may be frequent in north-western India. Studies are required to determine the prevalence of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by thermophilic actinomycetes in the local population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418932
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric species of rice leaf folders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to plant volatiles (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2647-2666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ; electroantennogram ; green leaf volatiles ; host-plant resistance ; Lepidoptera ; Marasmia patnalis ; olfaction ; plant volatiles ; Pyralidae ; rice leaf folder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from male and female moths of two sympatric leaf folder species,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Gue-née) andMarasmia patnalis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to 91 volatile chemicals of plant origin. Responses of both leaf folder species were similar to all compounds except to three monoterpenes-β-myrcene, menthone, and isomenthone- and two sesquiterpenes-cis-nerolidol and isophytol. Response ofM. patnalis, an oligophagous leaf folder, to these compounds was higher compared with that of polyphagousC. medinalis. EAG responses of males to saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes were significantly higher than those of conspecific females in both species. A higher response ofC. medinalis males also was observed for 1-nonanol, 3-nonen-2-one, andtrans, trans-2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene. In contrast, females of both species responded more to monoterpenes, borneol, isoborneol, and fenchyl alchohol. Response ofC. medinalis female was higher for terpinen-4-ol, carveol, dihydrocarveol, (−)-myrtenal, and perillaldehyde. In both species and sexes, high EAG responses were recorded for compounds of the green leaf odor complex. EAG responses to nonanal and hexanal were maximum among the aliphatic aldehydes while 1-hexanol elicited the highest response among the alcohols tested. EAG responses to terpene compounds-citronellal,α-terpineol, and (−)-myrtenal-were equal to the response to 1-hexanol. While all compounds tested elicited a negative potential, thymol and carvacrol elicited a positive EAG potential. The EAG data are discussed with regard
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988076
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