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  • Articles  (27)
  • Springer  (27)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (27)
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  • Articles  (27)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a biofilter for the removal of methane from coal mine ventilation atmospheres (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 400-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several strains of methane-oxidizing bacteria were isolated and studied to determine their physiological suitability for removal of methane in coal mine atmospheres. One strain, Methylomonas fodinarum ACM 3268, was selected as the most suitable culture for use in the development of a continuous biofilter to be used as a ventilation “air scrubber”. The experimental biofilter utilising a biofilm of M. fodinarum was shown to reduce methane levels substantially provided the residence times were sufficiently long. In the range 0.25–1.0% methane in air, commonly experienced in coal mine atmospheres, more than 70% of the methane was removed with a residence time of 15 min, with a 90% reduction at 20 min. Even at a residence time of 5 min approximately 20% of the methane in air was removed. Equal quantities of O2 are consumed during the bacterial oxidation of methane and 1% methane is converted to 0.7% CO2. Scale-up and alternative biofilter packings are likely to reduce the residence times in the biofilter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line growth measurements in bioreactors by titrating metabolic proton exchange (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 256-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recording the amount of titrant required to maintain constant pH in a bioreactor where cell metabolism causes acidity changes allows on-line determinations of growth kinetics in computer-controlled batch cultures. A system for making such measurements is described and its performance is investigated. Transient bicarbonate accumulation occurs if the culture produces CO2 at high pH values and low gas transfer rates. We have developed a mathematical model for the titrant requirement as a function of the cell growth rate, the gas transfer properties of the bioreactor and the culture pH. According to this model, bicarbonate accumulation affects the stoichiometry between titrant and biomass but does not prevent determination of growth rate constants. These predictions are confirmed using model experiments and measurements during batch growth of microbial cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902726
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the water content and water activity on styrene degradation by Exophiala jeanselmei in biofilters (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 851-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The performance at low water availability of styrene-degrading biofilters with the fungus Exophiala jeanselmei growing on perlite, the inert support, was investigated. E. jeanselmei degrades styrene at a water activity of 0.91–1. In biofilters, the styrene elimination capacity at a water activity of 0.91 is 5% of the maximal elimination capacity of 79 g m-3 h-1 (water activity 1). Application of dry air results in a rapid loss of styrene degradation activity, even at 40%–60% (w/w) water in the filter bed and at a water activity of 1. Humidification of the gas and an additional supply of water to the filter bed are necessary to maintain a high and stable styrene elimination capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050773
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stalked bacteria in activated sludge (1980)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1980), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A laboratory-scale activated sludge unit was fed continuously with a simulated industrial wastewater, consisting of a dilute solution of inorganic salts, at a rate giving a mean retention time of about 3 days. The system produced a well-settling sludge which on examination by electron microscopy was found to contain considerable numbers of stalked bacteria. These were identified as Caulobacter, which have the ability to attach to surfaces and other organisms by means of a prosthecal ‘holdfast’ and to flourish in waters with a low content of organic nutrients, and whose occurrence in activated sludge has not apparently been previously recorded. Conditions advantageous to Caulobacter generally prevail in activated sludge systems when these operate in growth phases tending to produce well-settling sludge. Since their ‘holdfast’ gives Caulobacter the ability to initiate and enlarge microbial clusters by attachment, it is suggested that Caulobacter contribute to microbial floc-formation in activated sludge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504490
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line growth measurements in bioreactors by titrating metabolic proton exchange (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 256-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Recording the amount of titrant required to maintain constant pH in a bioreactor where cell metabolism causes acidity changes allows on-line determinations of growth kinetics in computer-controlled batch cultures. A system for making such measurements is described and its performance is investigated. Transient bicarbonate accumulation occurs if the culture produces CO2 at high pH values and low gas transfer rates. We have developed a mathematical model for the titrant requirement as a function of the cell growth rate, the gas transfer properties of the bioreactor and the culture pH. According to this model, bicarbonate accumulation affects the stoichiometry between titrant and biomass but does not prevent determination of growth rate constants. These predictions are confirmed using model experiments and measurements during batch growth of microbial cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902726
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of the black yeast Exophiala jeanselmei on styrene and styrene-related compounds (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 372-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The black yeast Exophiala jeanselmei can grow on styrene as the sole source of carbon and energy in concentrations up to 0.36 mm. No growth is observed at higher styrene concentrations. Styrene oxidation is induced by styrene or styrene-related compounds, whereas glucose represses this styrene oxidation. E. jeanselmei shows a broad substrate specificity: various aromatic compounds are used as the sole source of carbon and energy. Styrene-grown cells can oxidize styrene, styrene oxide, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylacetic acid and 2-phenylethanol at a rate of 1.3 to 3.2 μg O2·min−1·mg−1 protein. A pathway for the degradation of styrene in E. jeanselmei is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192095
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toluene degradation in the recycle liquid of biotrickling filters for air pollution control (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pollutant degradation in biotrickling filters for waste air treatment is generally thought to occur only in the biofilm. In two experiments with toluene degrading biotrickling filters, we show that suspended microorganisms in the recycle liquid may substantially contribute to the overall pollutant removal. Two days after reactor start up, the overall toluene elimination capacity reached a maximum of 125 g m−3 h−1, which was twice that found during prolonged operation. High biodegradation activity in the recycle liquid fully accounted for this short-term peak of pollutant elimination. During steady-state operation, the toluene degradation in the recycle liquid was 21% of the overall elimination capacity, although the amount of suspended biomass was only 1% of the amount of immobilized biomass. The results suggest that biotrickling filter performance may be improved by selecting operating conditions allowing for the development of an actively growing suspended culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000346
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alleviation of the effects of nitrogen limitation in high gravity worts through increased inoculation rates (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Pitching rate ; Winery ; Brewery ; Fuel alcohol ; Stuck ; Sluggish fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary There are few inexpensive, practical methods to increase the usable nitrogen level in a substrate to be fermented to a potable alcohol product, but the provision of adequate assimilable nitrogen to a fermentation medium is critical for rapid and full “wort” attenuation. One practical solution to circumvent the problem may be to increase the inoculation rate to much higher than recommended levels. In this work, an increase in the pitching rate from 1.6×107 cfu/ml to 8×107 cfu/ml was shown to alleviate fermentation problems caused by nitrogen limitation. Attenuation and ethanol production rates became independent of the initial wort-free amino nitrogen (FAN) concentration, as did yeast viability and maximal yeast cell number. However, the final total cell mass was lower if the wort was nitrogen-deficient, regardless of the pitching rate. These cells were smaller and/or lighter and contained less protein at the end of fermentation. Such yeast could cause problems in subsequent fermentations if reuse of yeast (common in brewing) was considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576070
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved ethanol yields through supplementation with excess assimilable nitrogen (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Excess assimilable nitrogen ; Very high gravity ; Ethanol ; Yield ; Fuel alcohol ; Brewing ; Enology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Very high gravity (VHG) worts of 24° Plato supplemented with various amounts of yeast extract (YE) were inoculated at two different levels with a commercial lager strain ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, and the resultant beers and yeast crops were analyzed. Excess assimilable nitrogen did not result in higher viable yeast counts but did lead to increased rates of growth and increased accumulation of cell mass (partly due to higher cellular protein content). Fermentation (ethanol production) rates were significantly enhanced by YE supplementation up to 1.25% w/v, and the maximum ethanol concentrations seen were significantly higher as YE levels were increased (maximum effect at 0.75%), although YE itself was largely unfermentable. Lower ethanol yields in unsupplemented control worts could not be explained by increased carbon diversion to acetaldehyde, glycerol, or glycogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575590
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy samples utilizing a PCR-based fluorogenic 5′ nuclease assay (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes; dairy products; PCR; fluorogenic; detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The presence of Listeria monocytogenes as a dairy food contaminant is a lethal threat to dairy industrialists; therefore, products tainted with L. monocytogenes must be quickly detected and removed from production. This fluorogenic PCR-based assay was developed to rapidly detect L. monocytogenes contamination in dairy samples before a final product is distributed. The detection method employed uses a PCR primer pair and a fluorogenic TaqMan probe which bind to a region of a virulence determinant gene specific to L. monocytogenes. As the DNA target is amplified, the 5′ nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase hydrolyzes the internal fluorogenic probe creating a change in fluorescence that can be monitored and automatically analyzed with a fluorometer. Sensitivity studies indicated a lower detection limit of under 10 CFU for pure culture extracts and spiked dairy enrichments. A study was performed on 266 dairy product samples obtained from Central California dairy production plants. Eighty-three of these samples were artificially spiked with both high and low concentrations of L. monocytogenes before an overnight enrichment in TSB/LiCl/colostin sulfate/moxalactam media. DNA from enriched samples was obtained using a rapid Chelex extraction specifically designed for dairy sample enrichments and automated analysis. The extraction was followed by the fluorogenic PCR assay and measurement of fluorescence increase. The assay was completed within 24 h, with an observed 95.2% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 92.9% positive predictive value, 97.8% negative predictive value, and 96.2% accuracy. According to specificity studies, five other bacterial species cross-reacted with the fluorogenic 5′ nuclease PCR. However, only one of these strains (Listeria grayi) was able to grow in the enrichment medium employed, and was not isolated from any of the 266 dairy product enrichments evaluated in this study. Therefore, this method provides a rapid, sensitive, and automatable analysis alternative to standard culture techniques for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900578
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