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  • Articles  (167)
  • Springer  (167)
  • Biology  (111)
  • Medicine  (73)
  • Computer Science  (15)
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  • Articles  (167)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Bcl-2 protein in the epiphyseal plate cartilage and trabecular bone of growing rats (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The protooncogene protein, Bcl-2, protects cells from apoptosis and ensures their survival in vitro by inhibiting the action of the apoptosis-inducer, Bax. Its expression in proliferative and long-lived cells in vivo also indicates that it protects against cell death. The chondrocytes of the epiphyseal plate cartilage undergo a series of maturation steps and deposit mineral in the cartilage matrix before dying. The possibility that Bcl-2 helps protect chondrocytes until mineral deposition is completed was investigated by determining the distribution of Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in the epiphyseal plate cartilage of growing rats and its subcellular localization, using a specific antibody. The involvement of Bax in the triggering of chondrocyte death was checked by immunocytochemistry. Bcl-2 expression in the osteoblasts and the final result of their evolution, the osteocytes, was also examined in trabecular bone. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was non-uniformly distributed throughout the epiphyseal cartilage. It was maximal in proliferative chondrocytes, decreased in mature chondrocytes, and low in hypertrophic chondrocytes, whereas there was Bax immunoreactivity in all chondrocytes examined. Immunolabeling was intense in osteoblasts but considerably lower in fully differentiated osteocytes. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was mainly in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and early osteocytes; the nuclei appeared clear. The subcellular distribution of Bcl-2 immunolabeling in chondrocytes, revealed by gold particles in the electron microscope, showed that gold particles were frequently concentrated in the mitochondria in all the cartilage zones and lay mainly within the organelles, not at their periphery. The endoplasmic reticulum contained moderate immunoreactivity and there were few gold particles in the cytoplasm and nuclei. The number of gold particles decreased in all the subcellular compartments from proliferative to hypertrophic chondrocytes. In contrast, Bax immunoreactivity changed little during chondrocyte terminal evolution, and its subcellular distribution mirrored that of Bcl-2. These immunocytochemical data indicate that Bcl-2 helps maintain chondrocytes and osteoblasts until their terminal maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050145
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity in the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) inferred from protein electrophoresis (1994)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 32 (1994), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Manis pentadactyla ; protein electrophoresis ; genetic diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We examined protein polymorphism of Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) from Yunnan Province of China, including two forms of three brown and nine dusky Chinese pangolins. Sixty-two genetic loci were screened; 12 loci were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) is 0.194, the mean individual heterozygosity (H) is 0.078, and the mean number of alleles (A) is 1.258. Furthermore, we calculated the genetic distance (D) between the two forms and found a low level of genetic divergence (D=0.0206) between them, which indicates an almost-indistinguishable divergence at the level of proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554181
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity in the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) inferred from protein electrophoresis (1994)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 32 (1994), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Manis pentadactyla ; protein electrophoresis ; genetic diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We examined protein polymorphism of Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) from Yunnan Province of China, including two forms of three brown and nine dusky Chinese pangolins. Sixty-two genetic loci were screened; 12 loci were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) is 0.194, the mean individual heterozygosity (H) is 0.078, and the mean number of alleles (A) is 1.258. Furthermore, we calculated the genetic distance (D) between the two forms and found a low level of genetic divergence (D=0.0206) between them, which indicates an almost-indistinguishable divergence at the level of proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426896
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a genomic clone of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora TG3 encoding a pectolytic enzyme of apparent molecular weight 78 kDa (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 210 (1987), S. 294-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ; Pectolytic enzyme ; Gene cloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A clone containing the gene encoding a pectolytic enzyme of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was selected as the one that showed maceration on a solid medium containing sodium polypectate. The gene was located on a 3.2-kb DNA fragment flanked by a BglII site and a Hin-dIII site. Via mini-Mudlac mutagenesis, a possible promoter site was located within the gene between the BglII site and the EcoRI site. The mRNA transcribed from the promoter was directed from the BglII site toward the EcoRI site, determined from the orientation of the inserted mini-Mudlac. The probable gene product was identified as a 78 kDa protein. The enzyme activity of the Escherichia coli clone was detected mainly in the periplasmic space. Potato tuber slices were not macerated by the E. coli clone and synthesis of the enzyme in E. coli was not regulated by the enzyme substrate, sodium polypectate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325697
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low Genetic Variation of the Yunnan Hare (Lepus comus G. Allen 1927) as Revealed by Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences (2000)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 38 (2000), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001921513043
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a membrane protein and a truncated LysR-type regulator associated with the toluene degradation pathway in Pseudomonas putida F1 (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 246 (1995), S. 570-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Aromatic metabolism ; Toluene-inducible promoter ; Transcriptional regulation ; Signal transduction ; FadL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A 3 kb DNA region upstream of the toluene degradation (tod) genes, todFC1C2BADEGIH, in Pseudomonas putida F1 (PpF1) was sequenced. Two divergently arranged open reading frames, todR and todX, were identified. A toluene-inducible promoter was localized in front of todX, and the transcription start point was mapped. This promoter is probably responsible for the expression of all tod structural genes. TodX was found to be a membrane protein. Its predicted amino acid sequence (453 residues; M r 48265) exhibits considerable similarity with the FadL protein of Escherichia coli, an outer membrane protein required for binding and transport of long-chain fatty acids. An apparent function of TodX is likely to be involved in facilitating the delivery of exogenous toluene inside the PpF1 cells. The sequence of TodR (100 residues) exhibits extensive homology with the DNA-binding domain of transcriptional activators of the LysR family, but todR was found to have a negligible role in tod gene regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298963
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paulownia taiwaniana, a hybrid betweenP. fortunei andP. kawakamii (Scrophulariaceae) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 178 (1991), S. 259-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Paulownia taiwaniana ; P. fortunei ; P. kawakamii ; Isozymes ; morphology ; wood anatomy ; trichomes ; inflorescence grafting ; genetic analyses ; Flora of Taiwan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Paulownia taiwaniana, the widely cultivated, commercially important tree, has been suspected of being of hybrid origin at least since its original publication in 1975. Evidence in support of this thesis, derived from a number of different investigations, is presented in this paper.—Strong evidence comes from a controlled pollination study of the two supposed parental species,P. kawakamii andP. fortunei. F1 seedlings, derived from reciprocal crosses between the suspected parents, exhibited identical banding patterns for a number of enzymes (such as SKDH, GOT, and IDH) withP. taiwaniana, when separated by electrophoresis. Furthermore, comparative morphological studies of trichomes and wood parenchyma patterns between the purported parents andP. taiwaniana reveal that this latter qualitatively exhibits characteristics that combine features of both of the suspected parental types. Biochemically, eight enzyme systems were compared in the three species here under discussion, and, without exception, the electrophoretic banding patterns exhibited byP. taiwaniana represented a combination of the alleles of the other two species. Perhaps the most convincing evidence comes from a genetic analysis of the progeny obtained by selfingP. taiwaniana. Genotypic segregation of the offspring based on a single locus each of SKDH and PGI fit the 1:2:1 hypothesis. Genotypic segregation of the offspring based on two loci each of SP and GOT fit the ratio of 3:6:3:1:2:1. This, taken in conjunction with the other data presented, clearly suggests thatP. taiwaniana is a hybrid involvingP. kawakamii andP. fortunei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937968
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Troponin C regulates the rate constant for the dissociation of force-generating myosin cross-bridges in cardiac muscle (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 20 (1999), S. 645-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that cardiac troponin C (cTnC) regulates the association of force-generating myosin cross-bridges. We report here evidence for an additional role for cTnC. This hypothesis states that Car2+ binds more strongly to cTnC when force-generating myosin cross-bridges are attached to actin and that removal of this bound Ca2+ accelerates the dissociation of force-generating myosin cross-bridges. Intact Fura-2-loaded rat papillary muscles and skinned (permeabilized) ventricular preparations were used. The preparations were mounted in the Guth Muscle Research System which is capable of measuring simultaneously fluorescence and force in response to length perturbations. All mechanical perturbations of muscle length (isotonic shortening, quick stretches and releases, and length vibrations) which cause dissociation of force-generating myosin cross-bridges during a twitch resulted in Ca2+ being released from troponin as judged from changes in the Ca2+ transients (Fura-2 (340/380) fluorescence ratio). Thus dissociation of force-generating myosin cross-bridges cause Ca2+ to be released from cTnC. Conversely, it would be expected that removal of strongly bound Ca2+ from cTnC would result in an increase in the rate of dissociation of force-generating myosin cross-bridges. To test this hypothesis actomyosin ATPase (NADH fluorescence change) and isometric force were measured in skinned cardiac preparations. The ratio of the ATPase/Force is proportional to the rate constant (gapp) for the dissociation of force-generating myosin cross-bridges. The data showed that decreasing the amount of Ca2+ bound to cTnC in skinned cardiac fibers caused an increase in the ratio of ATPase/Force, the rate of dissociation (gapp) of force-generating myosin cross-bridges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005559613516
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  • 9
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    Purification and characterization of an iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase in extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga hypogea (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Print ISSN: 0302-8933
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-072X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Subpopulation genetic structure of a plant panmictic population of Castanea sequinii as revealed by microsatellite markers (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1673-3509
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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