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  • phosphorus  (10)
  • nitrogen fixation  (8)
  • Springer  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pine growth response to management of the subterranean clover understory (1992)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 20 (1992), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: agroforestry ; nitrogen fixation ; loblolly pine ; slash pine ; leaf tissue nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Management of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) understory grown with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) resulted in differences in both clover yield and pine diameter. Loblolly and slash pines were planted into a subterranean clover pasture in 1984. Suppression of warm season herbaceous vegetation by applying herbicides or disking the site in late summer resulted in significantly greater subterranean clover production than on the control site where no additional understory management was applied. Pine species had no effects on clover yield. The N content of the pine foliage on the blocks managed with herbicide application or disking generally was significantly greater than the control from the 5th through 7th growing seasons (1988–1990). The dbh of the pine trees in the disked and herbicide treatments was greater than the control after the 7th growing season (1990).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053144
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lime-aluminium-phosphorus interactions and the growth of Leucaena leucocephala (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; aluminium toxicity ; Leucaena yield ; lime ; phosphorus ; phosphorus uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of lime and P addition on the amounts of soil extractable P and Al, and on the growth of the tropical legume Leucaena leucocephala were investigated in a factorial experiment under controlled climate conditions using 4 (Koronivia, Nadroloulou, Batiri, and Seqaqa) highly-weathered, acid (pH initially 3.9 to 4.9) soils from Fiji. Resin-extractable P increased with lime addition and then decreased above pH 5.5, whereas M KCl-extractable Al decreased to undetectable levels at or above pH 5.2. Plant growth was usually adversely affected at low and high pH, even in the presence of added P. The pH (in M KCl) at which maximum growth occurred in the 4 soils varied from approximately 4.4 to 5.2; values somewhat lower than those reported in the literature. Changes in dry matter yield with increasing soil pH were strongly influenced by P status and a positive lime × P interaction was obtained with 3 of the 4 soils. Above pH 5.2, liming decreased the yield of both tops and roots, for reasons which are discussed in part II. The data obtained for extractable soil P and plant P concentrations indicate that P deficiency is a major problem on these soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041363
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lime-aluminium-phosphorus interactions and the growth of Leucaena leucocephala (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 126 (1990), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; aluminium toxicity ; aluminium-induced P deficiency ; chemical composition ; Leucaena ; lime ; Lolium perenne L ; perennial ryegrass ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of lime and P on the chemical composition of the tropical legume Leucaena leucocephala were studied in a controlled climate laboratory experiment using 4 (Koronivia, Nadroloulou, Batiri, and Seqaqa) highly-weathered, acid soils from Fiji. For all soils, changes in the concentration of P in the Leucaena tops followed trends similar to the yield response curve, i.e., the concentration of P was highest at the soil pH at which maximum growth occurred. The concentration of Al in plant tops increased on either side of the pH of maximum growth, but Al uptake by the whole plant (tops plus roots) declined steadily with increasing pH. Although complete major (except P) and minor nutrients were added regularly, there was variation in the uptake of nutrients with pH. Poor growth at low pH values was attributed to an Al-induced P deficiency within the plant and at high pH to a soil P deficiency and, to a smaller extent, to the increased concentration of Al in the plant tops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041364
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of high root temperature on Bradyrhizobium-peanut symbiosis (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis ; Bradyrhizobium ; heat-shock proteins ; nitrogen fixation ; peanut ; root temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three strains of Bradyrhizobium, 280A, 2209A and 32H1, that nodulated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), were tested for their ability to grow and survive at elevated temperatures of up to 42°C in laboratory culture. Strain 32H1 was unable to grow at 37°C and was more sensitive to elevated temperatures than the other two strains. All three produced heat-shock proteins of molecular weights 17 kDa and 18 kDa. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of high root temperature on nodulation, growth and nitrogen fixation of peanut. Two peanut varieties (Virginia cv NC7 and Spanish cv Pronto) were inoculated and exposed to root temperatures of 30°, 37° and 40°C. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation were strongly affected by root temperature but there was no variety × temperature interaction. At a constant 40°C root temperature no nodules were formed. Nodules were formed when roots were exposed to this temperature with diurnal cycling but no nitrogen fixation occurred. Highest plant dry weight, shoot nitrogen content and total nitrogen were observed at a constant root temperature of 30°C. Increasing root temperature to 37°C reduced average nitrogen content by 37% and total nitrogen by 49% but did not reduce nodulation. The symbiotic performance of the strains corresponded to their abilities to grow and survive at high temperature in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007883
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of fixed-N and nitrate-N in cowpea during pod development (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 353-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cowpea ; nitrogen fixation ; nitrate ; partitioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract If the quality and quantity of yields from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) are to be maximised, a complete understanding of the N nutrition of the plant must be achieved. The N requirement for developing pods of this species may come from mobilization of N in vegetative tissue, biological N fixation and uptake of N from soil. In this study, the fate of a pulse of fixed 15N2 or of 15NO3-given to different cowpea plants during pod development was determined. The plants were grown in vermiculite in plastic pots that were able to be sealed with silicone adhesive and equipped with a rubber septum so that 15N2 gas could be injected into the air space above the vermiculite, and gas losses would be eliminated. Nineteen days after injection of 15N2 the pods, leaves, nodules and roots contained 65%, 15%, 9%, and 4%, respectively of the quantity of 15N2 fixed. When 15NO3-15N was taken up by other plants during this period, these plant parts contained 40%, 26%, 3% and 19%, respectively, of the total plant 15N. The percentage 15N in roots was greater, and that of 15N in nodules was lower, when 15NO3-15N was applied than when 15N2 was utilised by plants. These results indicate that, while a high percentage of fixed-N or NO3-N given to cowpea plants moved to the developing pods, other sinks were competing for this newly-aquired N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025055
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of 15N from ammonium fertilizer in field grown Acacia (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 151 (1993), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acacia ; isotope dilution ; nitrogen fixation ; N15 ; nitrogen partitioning ; tree
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was conducted in the field to determine the partitioning of 15N from ammonium sulfate fertilizer in two-year old trees of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis. For both species, most of the 15N excess was partitioned into woody tissue, green material and root biomass present at the beginning of the experiment. Approximately one third of the 15N excess was contained in leaves that developed during the 60 days of the experiment. The concentration of 15N excess in the newly developed leaves indicated that more than 90% of the N came from a source other than the fertilizer. Based on the large quantity of N applied in the fertilizer and the inherently infertile soil, it appears that much of the N contained in the newly developed leaves came from N remobilized from other tree parts. ei]{gnR O D}{fnDixon}
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010796
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Number of Rhizobia and delayed inoculation influence nodulation of clovers (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 158 (1994), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: clover ; inoculation ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; rhizobia ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between numbers of rhizobia and nodulation response of legumes is of considerable practical importance. Experiments were done under controlled conditions to determine the influence of numbers of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. trifolii on nodulation of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.) and crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.). Numbers of rhizobia in excess of 1000 per seed did not substantially increase earliness of nodulation or total number of nodules formed on the taproot. Nodules, however, were formed nearer the top of the taproot as numbers of rhizobia increased to 100,000 per seed. Delayed inoculation experiments indicated that nodulation sites for these clovers only remained susceptible to infection for less than 1 day. Delaying inoculation for 4 days resulted in only a 1 to 2 day delay in nodulation for arrowleaf and crimson clovers respectively and no delay for subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.). Apparently, larger seedlings nodulated faster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007926
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epilimnetic nutrient loading by metalimnetic erosion and resultant algal responses in Lake Waramaug, Connecticut (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 501-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phosphorus ; nutrient cycling ; stratification ; epilimnion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus regeneration from lake sediments, and subsequent migration to trophogenic surface water, significantly contributes to the lake nutrient budgets and algal bloom conditions in some lake types. Decomposition of organic matter in deep water and sediments results in the accumulation of regenerated nutrients, alternate electron acceptors (reduced products of anaerobic respiration = COD), carbon dioxide, and depletion of dissolved oxygen (electron acceptor in aerobic respiration). Thermal stratification creates spatial segregation of trophogenic and tropholytic environments in the lake, resulting in gradients between sediments, hypolimnion, and the epilimnion. Exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and reduced alternate electron acceptors between the hypolimnion and epilimnion affects the productivity of a lake. Secchi depth, temperature, and dissolved oxygen profiles were determined twice each week from May 1980 to October 1980 at each of five lake stations. Nutrient concentration profiles, including total soluble and total phosphorus, ammonium-N, nitrate, soluble Kjeldahl, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were determined twice each month. Epilimnetic algal samples were collected twice each week using Kemmerer and water column ‘straw’ amplers. Cell counts of total, green, bluegreen, and diatom algae groups were made. Three methods were used to describe hypolimnetic-epilimnetic exchange, including coefficients of eddy diffusion (based on lake heat budget), a graphical method of defining thermocline location, and relative thermal resistance to mixing (RTRM, based on density differences). All three methods yeilded comparable estimates of net seasonal transport. The graphical and RTRM methods described events occurring at shorter intervals (greater resolution). We find general agreement between the three methods of describing hypolimnetic-epilimnetic transport. The frequency of sampling resulted in increased resolution of thermal profiles (in time), allowing accurate estimation of short-term nutrient flux into epilimnetic waters. An algal bloom event occurred 5 to 12 days following erosion of the top of the metalimnion to below the aerobic-anaerobic interface. The lag time to peak algal concentration, following such events, decreased through the summer (June = 12 days, September = 5 days)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940138
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of accelerating land-use change on the N-Cycle of tropical aquatic ecosystems: Current conditions and projected changes (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 46 (1999), S. 109-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: estuaries ; lakes ; marine ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; rivers ; streams ; temperate ; tropics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Published data and analyses from temperate and tropical aquatic systems are used to summarize knowledge about the potential impact of land-use alteration on the nitrogen biogeochemistry of tropical aquatic ecosystems, identify important patterns and recommend key needs for research. The tropical N-cycle is traced from pre-disturbance conditions through the phases of disturbance, highlighting major differences between tropical and temperate systems that might influence development strategies in the tropics. Analyses suggest that tropical freshwaters are more frequently N-limited than temperate zones, while tropical marine systems may show more frequent P limitation. These analyses indicate that disturbances to pristine tropical lands will lead to greatly increased primary production in freshwaters and large changes in tropical freshwater communities. Increased freshwater nutrient flux will also lead to an expansion of the high production, N- and light-limited zones around river deltas, a switch from P- to N-limitation in calcareous marine systems, with large changes in the community composition of fragile mangrove and reef systems. Key information gaps are highlighted, including data on mechanisms of nutrient transport and atmospheric deposition in the tropics, nutrient and material retention capacities of tropical impoundments, and N/P coupling and stoichiometric impacts of nutrient supplies on tropical aquatic communities. The current base of biogeochemical data suggests that alterations in the N-cycle will have greater impacts on tropical aquatic ecosystems than those already observed in the temperate zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007576
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partitioning of biologically fixed nitrogen in cowpea during pod development (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 116 (1989), S. 129-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: 15N ; nitrogen fixation ; nitrogen partitioning ; translocationVigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two days after exposure of roots to15N labeled N2, partitioning of biologically fixed N into leaves, stems, peduncles, pods, roots and nodules was measured in the early pod development stage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.). The experimental objective was to determine the quantity of biologically fixed N that is incorporated into vegetative tissue before being mobilized to pods. For the three varieties of cowpea included in the experiment a maximum of 50% of the N, biologically fixed two days earlier, was contained in the pods. The remaining N was distributed throughout the vegetative portion of the plant with at least 30% in stems and leaves which indicates that much of the newly fixed N must cycle through a N pool in these tissues before reaching the pods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327269
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