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  • Springer  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber optic sensing for ultrasonic NDE (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 6 (1987), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Ultrasonics ; fiber optics ; lasers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An innovative approach to nondestructive evaluation (NDE) using noncontacting optical sensors has demonstrated. In this effort a single mode optical fiber interferometer (OFI) was used to sense the presence and form of Rayleigh waves traveling along the surface of a steel test bar at a velocity of nearly 3mm/µs. Acousto-optic time-domain data was successfully used to detect the presence and locate the position of a test “flaw” (a machined slot) in the bar, and spectrum analysis was used to estimate its geometry and size. This approach has many potential applications in the ultrasonic evaluation of real flaws in structures with complex geometries. Coupled with the authors' earlier work demonstrating the feasibility of generating acoustic waves in metals using laser light pulses transmitted through the fiber optic probes, this latest achievement points to the development of a fully noncontacting, fiber optic based thermal-acousto-photonic (TAP) NDE system, with potential applications to the reliability testing of many important structures where composition, scale, geometry, or restricted access preclude the use of conventional NDE techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser excitation through fiber optics for NDE (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 6 (1987), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Ultrasonics ; fiber optics ; lasers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes experiments designed to generate acoustic waves by using a laser pulse, transmitted through fiber optics, to thermally shock the surface of a steel specimen. The purpose of this effort was to explore the noncontacting generation of Rayleigh surface waves appropriate to the interrogation of structures for the detection of subcritical defects, with the ultimate goal of developing an efficient laser-based nondestructive evaluation technique utilizing flexible fiber optics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566697
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of impedance mismatch on the strength of waves in layered solids (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 14 (1974), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This research program was conducted to study the effects of acoustic-impedance mismatch between materials in a layered elastic solid on the amplitudes of the head waves generated at the interface as a stress wave develops and propagates in one of the layers. Dynamic photoelasticity methods were employed. The isochromatic-fringe patterns used for analysis were recorded with a Cranz-Schardin multiple-spark camera operating at a framing rate of approximately 188,000 exposures per second. Acoustic-impedance ratios from a low of 1.7∶1 to a high of 17.4∶1 were studied. Small charges of lead azide were used to generate the original dilatational (P 1) wave. Results of the study confirm the existence of all waves predicted by theory except for theP 1 P 1 waves reflected from the free surface and from the interface near the source in the low-impedance layer. In the region near the explosive detonation, the head waves are important since they have significant magnitudes for certain impedance ratios and they appear to attenuate at a rate much lower than the rate associated with the incidentP 1 wave or the reflectedP 1 S 1 waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02322835
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of photoelasticity to a weld-penetration problem (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 15 (1975), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The need for more information on the “initiation period” in fatigue tests of weld specimens with penetration defects is discussed and the literature which relates the elasticity stress-concentration factor and Irwin's stress-intensity factor is reviewed. A series of photoelasticity tests on two-dimensional plane-stress models of typical penetration defects is described. In particular a method for casting “ready to use” very narrow defects is explained. The results are presented in a graph of stress-concentration factor against defect length. This graph has a “knee” at defect length-to-plate thickness ratios around 0.2. Below the “knee”, the stress-concentration factor changes very little with changes in defect length but, for lengths beyond the knee, i.e., ratios larger than 0.2, the stress concentrations increase linearly with defect length. It is concluded that such a critical defect length should have a strong effect on fatigue life of defective welds and that it may constitute a first approach to the specification of an “acceptable” level of penetration defects for production processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02319740
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic wave propagation in a single lap joint (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 20 (1980), S. 162-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic photoelasticity was used to study the stresses when an impulse wave propagates through a single lap joint. An explosive was detonated in one of the adherends. The resulting stress wave propagated down the adherend and through the joint area. At the junction between the adherends, the stress wave interacted with the ends of the adherends and significant changes in the stress wave occurred. The stress wave then propagated through the joint and, in doing so, interacted with the two square corners at the adhesive/adherend interface. It was found that a significant biaxial tensile stress occurs at one of the corners. With only the usual black and white photographs, the ordering and interpretation of the photoelastic-fringe orders was difficult. The paper indicates how color photographs were used to simplify identification of the fringes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327119
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional strain distributions in upset rings by photoplastic simulation (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 21 (1981), S. 361-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The changes in internal diameter that occur when a hollow disk, or ring, is plastically deformed by axial compression have been proposed as a method for measuring interface friction during metal forming. The adoption of this test method has been delayed because the three-dimensional strains in such rings are not known. This paper describes how an experimental method using photoplastic simulation was used to obtain the three-dimensional strains for a particular ring geometry. It presents proot of highly nonuniform strains and also shows that the division between flow inward and flow outward occurs at different radii through the thickness of the ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324797
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Material properties in thermal-stress analysis (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 21 (1981), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract With simple techniques and not too-costly laboratory equipment, the significant material properties in modeling transient thermal stresses by photothermoelasticity are evaluated. The results are presented for a room-temperature-cured epoxy, a hot-cured epoxy and a polycarbonate. The materials tested are also evaluated on their applicability to a transient-thermal-stress analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02325769
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-concentration factors for elliptical holes near an edge (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 21 (1981), S. 336-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental and theoretical stress-concentration factor and stress-intensity factor solutions exist for a large number of hole shapes and configurations. However, little work has been done on the interaction between holes and free edges. This paper reports the results of an experimental study which investigated elliptical holes close to each edge of a tension plate. The holes were symmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the models and had their major axes normal to the edge of the plate. The ellipse ratio and the distance between the center and the edge were varied. A statistical model is developed which shows that the stress concentrationK g at both ends of the ellipses is linearly dependent on a geometric function ϕ such thatK g = αΦ + γ. The values for the function ϕ are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326233
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional strains in rolled slabs by photoplastic simulation (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 22 (1982), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Small polyester billets are used to model the deformations that occur during the hot rolling of slabs of aluminum. The billets are rolled to a retained reduction of around 11 percent. They are then sliced along principal planes and the three-dimensional strains are plotted over a transverse cross section of the deformed billet. The extent of this nonuniformity in the strains is clearly shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02325421
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photothermoelastic analysis of transient thermal stresses (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 22 (1982), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Photothermoelasticity by means of heating is used to obtain an experimental solution to the quasi-static problem of transient thermal stresses around elliptical holes. Empirical equations are obtained for the maximum stresses due to step temperature changes at the edges of the plates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02325908
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