ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • pharmacokinetics  (380)
  • Lepidoptera  (167)
  • Ultrastructure  (164)
  • Photosynthesis  (83)
  • Springer  (793)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and adverse effects of sublingual salbutamol in Patients with asthma (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: salbutamol ; sublingual ; oral ; inhaled ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Administration of drugs by the sublingual route provides rapid systemic absorption and avoids first-pass metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and adverse effects of standard salbutamol tablets given by this route to patients with asthma. Seven asthmatic patients were given either sublingual salbutamol tablet 2 mg (SL), swallowed tablet 2 mg (O), metered dose inhaler 200 µg (MDI) or placebo (PL), in a randomized single-blind cross-over design. Airways responses (FEV1, FVC, PEFR), finger tremor (Tr), heart rate (HR), plasma potassium (K) and plasma salbutamol were measured over a 6 h period following drug administration. There were highly significant changes in FEV1 with MDI, O and SL routes compared with PL, although the response to MDI was greater and more rapid than with O or SL. There were similar findings for FVC and PEFR responses. There were no adverse effects with MDI, whereas both 0 and SL produced significant tremor responses. There were no differences between O and SL for any of the pharmacodynamic parameters. In addition, pharmacokinetic profiles for O and SL were also similar apart from an initial delay in absorption with SL. There were however, no significant differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters, between O and SL. This suggests that buccal absorption of salbutamol was negligible, and that systemic absorption occurred after swallowing of the dissolved sublingual tablet. These results show that sublingual administration of salbutamol tablet has no clinical benefit over the oral route.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562546
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of 4 mg and 8 mg oral salbutamol controlled-release in patients with bronchial asthma (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: salbutamol ; asthma ; controlled-release formulation ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen patients with asthma were given salbutamol controlled-release (SCR) 4 mg or 8 mg twice daily for seven days, in a randomised double-blind cross-over design. Plasma salbutamol levels were measured after the first and fifteenth doses for a 12 h period following drug ingestion. At steady-state the geometric mean values for Cmax were 8.2 ng/ml for 4 mg, and 16.1 ng/ml for 8 mg. Median tmax values were 300 and 240 min respectively. The geometric mean AUC (0–12) were 4507 ng·min·ml−1 and 8980 ng·min/ml. Peak to trough fluctuation ratios were 0.577 and 0.572. There were no significant differences between 4 mg or 8 mg formulations, for any of the parameters measured, after appropriate corrections for dose. The concentration-time profiles at steady-state showed little fluctuation in plasma salbutamol levels over the twelve hour dosing interval. These results show that 4 mg and 8 mg formulations of SCR provide smooth plasma profiles at steady-state with a twice daily dosing regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609424
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of female sex pheromone of spotted bollworm,Earias vittella F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Identification and field evaluation in Pakistan (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 929-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spotted bollworm ; Earias vittella ; spiny bollworm ; Earias insulana ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; gas chromatography ; electroantennography ; pheromone traps ; hexadecanal ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; (Z,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal ; octadecanal ; (Z)-11-octadecenal ; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadien-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ovipositor washings from virgin femaleEarias vittella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths were examined by gas chromatography (GC) linked to electroantennography (EAG). Six components were detected by the male moth. These were identified by comparison of their retention times with those of a range of synthetic standards on fused silica capillary GC columns as hexadecanal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, octadecanal, (Z)-11-octadecenal, and (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadien-1-ol in 1∶2∶10∶2∶4∶1 ratio. Field testing in Pakistan showed that a 2∶10∶2 mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, and (Z)-11-octadecenal was as attractive to maleE. vittella moths as the six-component mixture and equal in attractiveness to a virgin female moth. Omitting (Z)-11-hexadecenal or (Z)-11-octadecenal greatly reduced this attractiveness. It was found that synthetic lures must be protected from sunlight to prevent loss of attractiveness caused by isomerization of the conjugated diene aldehyde, and addition of (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal, one of the products of isomerization, was shown to reduce attractiveness significantly. During this work, a 10∶1 mixture of (E,E)-10, 12-hexadecadienal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal was shown to be as attractive toE. insulana (Boisd.) male moths as a virgin female moth, and the attractiveness of this mixture was further increased by addition of (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018784
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the sperms ofPlumbago zeylanica (1981)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 107 (1981), S. 85-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Male cytoplasmic inheritance ; Plumbago ; Pollen grain ; Pollen tube ; Sperm ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Male gametes ofPlumbago zeylanica were examined in pollen grains and tubes using light and electron microscopy of chemically and physically fixed tissues, and Nomarski interference microscopy of isolated, living sperm cells. Male gametes are elongate, spindleshaped cells containing a nucleus, mitochondria, ER, ribosomes, vesicles, dictyosomes, probable microfilaments, and a variable number of plastids. In mature pollen grains ofP. zeylanica, the two sperm cells are directly linked; they share a transverse cell wall with plasmodesmata and are enclosed together by the inner vegetative cell plasma membrane. One of these two sperms is also associated with the vegetative nucleus as a consistent feature of pollen grain organization. The basis of this association appears to be a long, narrow projection of the sperm cell (averaging 〈 1 μm wide and about 30 μm long) which wraps around the periphery of the vegetative nucleus and occupies embayments of that nucleus. This association is maintained throughout pollen tube growth but becomes less extensive near the completion of tube growth and is severed following tube discharge. The consistent occurrence of the sperm-vegetative nucleus association in pollen grains, tubes and isolated pollen cytoplasm suggests that the two structures may be directly connected, but attempts to visualize this type of connection were unsuccessful. Possibly, the entwining nature and extent of complementary interfaces between vegetative nucleus and sperm may have a role in stabilizing their association. Functionally, the two sperms and vegetative nucleus appear to travel as a linked unit within the pollen tube, possibly increasing the effectiveness of gamete delivery and helping to ensure nearly simultaneous transmission of sperms into the receptive megagametophyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01275610
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the oral and the oral/ intravenous administration of menogaril (1993)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 11 (1993), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: menogaril ; phase I ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-five patients with advanced refractory cancer were enrolled on this phase I study of menogaril administered orally every 4 weeks at dosages ranging from 85 mg/m2 to 625 mg/m2. An additional 12 patients received alternating oral and IV doses of menogaril (250 mg/m2 IV; 250–500 mg/m2 oral) with accompanying blood and urine sampling for pharmacokinetics analysis. Nausea and vomiting were the dose-limiting toxicities at the 625 mg/m2 dosage level; vomiting was inadequately relieved by prophylactic antiemetics at this dosage level. Other toxicities included sporadic leukopenia at all dosage levels; at dosages of 500 mg/m2 and 625 mg/m2, leukopenia 〈 3000/μl occurred in 7 of 24 patients. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were much less frequent toxicities. Among the patients receiving IV menogaril, peripheral vein phlebitis, leukopenia and anemia were the predominant toxicities. No antitumor responses were observed, yet one patient with nonsmall cell lung cancer experienced a 30% reduction in metastatic tumor nodules. For the patients receiving alternating oral and IV menogaril, comparative pharmacokinetic analyses were performed by HPLC. After oral administration, maximum plasma concentrations were achieved in an average of 6 hours; maximum plasma concentrations were less than one-quarter of those achieved after intravenous administration. The harmonic mean (±SD) terminal disposition half-life after oral dosing was 29.3 ±9.2 hours; mean systemic bioavailability was 33.6±10.5% after oral dosing. Forty-eight hours after an oral dose, mean cumulative urinary excretions of menogaril and the primary metabolite, N-demethylmenogaril, were 4.00±0.96% and 0.44±0.16%, respectively. Because of the poor tolerance of oral menogaril and minimal evidence of biological activity, this schedule of drug administration is not recommended for phase II evaluation. Based on this and other published studies of oral menogaril, frequent chronic low-intermediate dosages of the drug may be given orally with potentially better tolerance and antitumor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873906
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of L-703,014, a Potent Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonist, After Intravenous and Oral Administration in the Dog (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 426-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: fibrinogen receptor antagonist ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of L-703,014, a fibrinogen receptor antagonist, have been examined in the dog. An analytical method which utilizes methanol precipitation of dog plasma proteins followed by HPLC with an automated column switching technique using the chemical analogue L-704,326 as internal standard was developed for the determination of L-703,014 in dog plasma. The compound was not metabolized in the dog and was eliminated in the kidneys and into bile. Of the administered dose, 68.9 ± 1.3% (i.v.) and 80.5 ± 11.9% (p.o.) were recovered in the feces; 20.3 ± 3% (i.v.) and 2.2 ± 0.2% (p.o.) were recovered in the urine by 72 hr. L-703,014 was 23 ± 3.4% bound in dog plasma protein and the mean ratio of plasma/whole blood was 1.22 ± 0.05. The mean terminal half-life was 118 ± 36 min, the mean steady-state volume of distribution was 0.61 ± 0.22 L/kg, and the mean plasma clearance was 8 ± 2 mL/min/kg. Ex vivo platelet aggregation measurements were made by inducing platelet aggregation with 10 µg/ mL collagen in the presence of 1 µM epinephrine as an agonist. The mean C 50 was 44.4 ± 6.0 ng/mL, and the mean Hill coefficient was 1.5 ± 0.3. The mean bioavailability was 4.9 ± 1.4% in dogs administered 2.0 mg/kg (p.o.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018973323039
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trail Marking by the Larva of the Madrone Butterfly Eucheira socialis and the Role of the Trail Pheromone in Communal Foraging Behavior (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 247-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: trail following ; 5β-cholestane-3-one ; pheromone ; cooperative foraging ; social caterpillar ; bolsa ; silk ; Pieridae ; Eucheira ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The larva of the Madrone butterfly Eucheira socialis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) secretes a trail pheromone from the ventral surface of the posterior tip of its abdomen. Caterpillars mark trails by bringing the secretory site into brief contact with the substrate during a locomotive cycle. Foragers mark most heavily when they move onto new branches and little, if at all, when they move over established trails or when they return to the communal shelter after feeding. The caterpillars make careful comparisons of alternative pathways at choice points and select newer and stronger trails over older and weaker trails. Differential marking of new and established trails during nightly forays, coupled with sensory discrimination of trails by strength and age, leads colonies to abandon old trails in favor of new trails. When applied at a rate as low as 2.5 × 10 −10 g/mm, caterpillars followed synthetic trails prepared from 5β-cholestane-3-one, a trail pheromone previously reported from the tent caterpillars (Malacosoma spp.). Although both Eucheira and Malacosoma mark with the tip of the abdomen and have near-identical sensitivites to 5β-cholestane-3-one, our study shows that Eucheira employs a relatively unsophisticated system of trail-based communication and does not recruit to food. The trail-based communication system of Eucheira appears to represent an early stage in the evolution of cooperative foraging that is derived from, and motivationally linked to, conflict behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021000108290
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harmonic Radar as a Means of Tracking the Pheromone-Finding and Pheromone-Following Flight of Male Moths (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: radar tracking ; harmonic radar ; foraging flight ; Lepidoptera ; Agrotis segetum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021004209198
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repellency of pheromones released by females of Heliothis armigera and H. zea to females of both species (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sex Pheromones ; Repellent ; Heliothis armigera ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; cotton bollworm ; corn earworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen en olfactomètre a porté sur les réactions face à d'autres femelles de la même espèce, de femelles vierges ou ayant copulé d'Heliothis armigera Hübner et H. zea Boddie. Le lot comprenait 8 femelles, vierges ou ayant copulé en présence d'une femelle vierge ou ayant copulé. Les 4 combinaisons possibles de femelles vierges et de femelles ayant copulé ont été examinées avec 12 répétitions pour chaque espèce. Un extrait de l'extrémité de l'abdomen de femelles vierges d'une espèce a été présenté aux femelles de l'autre espèce pour examiner les possibilités de réactions interspécifiques aux phéromones. Pour chaque espèce, les réactions interspécifiques de répulsion entre femelles ont été hautement significatives par rapport aux témoins, à l'exception toutefois des réactions de femelle ayant copulé face à des femelles ayant elles aussi copulé. Les répulsions moyennes chez H. armigera et H. zea pour les 8 femelles de chaque expérience ont été: a) vierges en présence d'une vierge: 7,33 et 7,66; b) vierges en présence d'une femelles ayant copulé: 5,76 et 5,58; c) femelles ayant copulé en présence d'une vierge: 4,67 et 4,83. Les différences sont hautement significatives entre chaque paire de moyennes et entre chaque paire et le lot témoin; 3,17; 3,17; 3,42; 4,00 pour H. armigera; 3,17; 3,50; 2,83 et 3,75 pour H. zea. Les femelles vierges des deux espèces, H. armigera et H. zea ont présenté une réaction de répulsion en présence d'un extrait de l'abdomen de l'autre espèce; les répulsions moyennes étant respectivement 5,53 et 5,33 contre 3,83 et 3,58 pour le lot trémoin. On peut en conclure que ces répulsions doivent entraîner une tendance à la répartition uniforme.
    Notes: Abstract An olfactometer was used to determine the effect of pheromones released by females of the bollworms Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. zea (Boddie) on females of the same species. Four combinations of virgin and mated females were tested for repellency of one to the other. Evidence is presented that females of the two bollworms were repelled by females of the same species. In addition, extracts of virgin female abdomens of each species repelled virgin females of the other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300876
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pheromone mimic: disruption of mating communication in the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, with Z,Z-1,12,14-heptadecatriene (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; navel orangeworm ; Amyelois transitella ; pheromone mimic ; mating disruption ; Z,Z-1,12,14-heptadecatriene ; Z,Z-11,13-hexadecadienal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le Z-Z-1,12,14-heptacécatriène, qui mime l'aldéhyde Z-Z-11,13-hexadécadénial, principal composé de la phéromone de A. transitella Walker, a été essayé pour interrompre les accouplements dans la nature. Un conditionnement avec plastique stratifié a mieux dispersé le triène que la présentation en capsules de polyéthylène. Comme dans le cas des autres produits examinés précédemment, ce triène a interrompu l'attraction sexuelle (réduction du nombre de mâles capturés dans les pièges, réduction du nombre d'accouplements) de A. transitella dans les vergers d'amandiers, pendant moins longtemps que l'aldéhyde. Placé dans des pièges contenant des femelles vierges, il est efficace comme l'aldehyde pendant 5 semaines, pendant 3 semaines lorsqu'il est placé autour des pièges et pendant 13 jours quand il est utilisé dans des parcelles de 9 arbres. Des essais ultérieurs avec d'autres présentations et des quantités plus élevées de triène devraient montrer si ce produit peut être utilisé pour l'interruption des accouplements. Les analogues de phéromones ont généralement une plus grande stabilité et un coût de synthèse moins élevé que les aldéhydes.
    Notes: Abstract A novel olefinic analog, Z,Z-1,12,14-heptadecatriene, was synthesized from Z,Z-11,13-hexadecadienal, a major pheromone component of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and evaluated as a potential disruptant of mating communication in commercial almond orchards. The effectiveness of the triene as a disruptant was compared to that of the aldehyde by evaluating the reduction in captures of feral males in female-baited traps and the reduction in mating success for females. The triene was highly effective in bringing about reductions in male captures in traps in all tests relative to controls. This effectiveness lasted as long as 5 weeks in one test and was influenced by type of dispenser, release rate and proximity of dispensers to female-baited traps. In none of the tests did the triene outperform the aldehyde in reducing male captures. The results of mating success tests showed the triene to be ineffective relative to controls (26% reduction) while the aldehyde yielded 100% reductions in matings during a 6-day period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369186
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...