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  • Lepidoptera  (10)
  • Molecular electrostatic potential  (8)
  • Springer  (18)
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  • Springer  (18)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant-determined variation in cardenolide content and thin-layer chromatography profiles of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus reared on milkweed plants in California (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1823-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Danaus plexippus ; Lepidoptera ; Danaidae ; monarch butterflies ; Asclepias californica ; Asclepiadaceae ; milkweeds ; ecological chemistry ; plant-insect interactions ; chemical ecology ; chemical defense ; chemotaxonomy ; coevolution ; thin-layer chromatography ; cardenolide fingerprints ; cardenolides ; calotropagenin glycosides ; calactin ; calotropin ; uscharidin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Variation in gross cardenolide concentration of the mature leaves of 85Asclepias californica plants collected in four different areas of California is a positively skewed distribution ranging from 9 to 199 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 66 μg/0.1 g. Butterflies reared individually on these plants in their native habitats contained a normal distribution of cardenolide ranging from 59 to 410 μg of cardenolide per 0.1 g dry weight with a mean of 234 μg. Cardenolide uptake by the butterflies was a logarithmic function of plant concentration. Total cardenolide per butterfly ranged from 143 to 823 μg with a mean of 441 μg and also was normally distributed. Populational variation of plant cardenolide concentrations occurs within subspecies, but the northern subspeciesA. c. greenei does not differ significantly from the southernA. c. californica. Generally higher concentrations occur in butterflies from northern populations and in females. No evidence was adduced that cardenolides in the plants adversely affected the butterflies. Low cardenolide concentrations in the leaves and the absence of cardenolides in the latex characterize bothA. californica andA. speciosa, but notA. eriocarpa. Thin-layer chromatography in two solvent systems isolated 24 cardenolide spots in the plants, of which 18 are stored by the butterflies. There was a minor difference in the cardenolide spot patterns due to geographic origin of the plants, but as in our previous studies, none in the sexes of the butterflies. UnlikeA. eriocarpa andA. speciosa, A. californica plants lack cardenolides withRf values greater than digitoxigenin. Overall, the cardenolides of bothA. californica andA. speciosa are more polar than those inA. eriocarpa. A. californica plants contain cardenolides of the calotropagenin series including calotropin, calactin, and uscharidin, and the latter is metabolically transformed by monarch larvae to calactin and calotropin. Cardenolides of this series also occur inA. vestita, andA. cordifolia from California, the neotropicalA. curassavica, and the AfricanCalotropis procera, Gomphocarpus spp., andPergularia extenso; they therefore cross established taxonomic lines.A. californica is the predominant early season milkweed in California and may be important in providing chemical protection to the spring generation of monarchs in the western United States.A. speciosa, A. eriocarpa, andA. californica each imparts distinctive cardenolide fingerprints to the butterflies, so that ecological predictions are amenable to testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987364
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sabulodes caberata guenée (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 2107-2116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sabulodes caberata Guenée ; Sabulodes aegrotata Guenée ; omnivorous looper ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene ; (Z)-9-nonadecenekw] ; n-nonadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A 6,9-nonadecadiene, (Z)-9-nonadecene, andn-nonadecane were identified in extracts of sex pheromone glands of femaleSabulodes caberata Guenée. Potential pheromonal activity of gland components was assessed by electroantennogram measurements of gas-chromatographic fractions of abdominal tip extracts. Chemical identification was based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of parent compounds, hydrogenation products, ozonolysis products, dimethyl disulfide adducts, and synthesis. The monoene was synthesized via coupling of alkyl and acetylenic intermediates. (Z,Z)-6,9-Nonadecadiene (Z6,Z9-19∶H) was synthesized from methyl linoleate via chain lengthening. SyntheticZ6,Z9-19∶H had the same retention times on polar and nonpolar capillary gas-chromatographic columns as the 6,9-nonadecadiene from the sex pheromone glands. In field testsZ6,Z9-19:H alone produced trap catch of maleS. caberata and addition of (Z)-9-nonadecene orn-nonadecane had no effect on trap catch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Western avocado leafroller,Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1239-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Amorbia cuneana ; Amorbia essigana ; sex pheromone ; sex pheromone component ratios ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)-10,12-tetra-decadien-1-ol acetate ; (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The most effective lure for maleAmorbia cuneana (Walsingham) in Orange, Ventura, and Riverside counties of California was previously found to be a 1∶1 ratio of (E,E)-10,12- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. In subsequent field tests in San Diego and Santa Barbara counties, this lure was ineffective. Analysis of sex pheromone glands (SPG) of femaleA. cuneana from these two counties showed theEE:EZ ratio to be about 1∶9 and synthetic lures of this composition were highly attractive in these areas. Analysis of the SPG of a number of females from both areas showed that there were three population types: two in the low ratio areas possessed 37 and 58%EZ, and the third in the high ratio areas possessed 89%EZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012344
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the avocado pest,Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Western avocado leafroller ; Amorbia cuneana ; sex pheromone ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major volatile components in the extract of the female sex pheromone gland ofAmorbia cuneana consisted of (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. The identification was based on electroantennogram bioassay of gas Chromatographic effluent from sex pheromone gland extract, relative retention times on polar and nonpolar gas chromatographic columns, chemical degradation (ozonolysis, saponification), mass spectrometry, chemical synthetic methods, and field tests. Based on mass spectrometry and retention times by capillary gas chromatography, traces of (E)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and 1-tetradecanol acetate were also present in the extract. Traps baited with a combination of synthetic (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates caught more males than did traps baited with females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field activity of sex pheromone components of Peribatodes rhomboidaria (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 199-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: (Z,Z)-6,9-nonadecadien-3-one ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; Peribatodes rhomboidaria ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; field tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367630
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food acceptance by a monophagous and an oligophagous insect in relation to seasonal changes in host plant suitability (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 59 (1991), S. 111-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Yponomeuta evonymellus ; Yponomeuta padellus ; Prunus padus ; Crataegus monogyna ; Lepidoptera ; monophagous ; oligophagous ; host-plants ; food-acceptance ; seasonal changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Food acceptance by larvae of two lepidopteran species feeding on Rosaceae, viz. Yponomeuta evonymellus (monophagous) and Y. padellus (oligophagous), was compared. The influence of seasonal changes in plants as food for both insects was examined, in particular, the effects of nitrogen and sorbitol in leaves. In the laboratory, Y. evonymellus accepts Crataegus monogyna, a host plant of Y. padellus, and Y. padellus accepts Prunus padus, the host plant of Y. evonymellus. P. padus is the most suitable food plant for Y. evonymellus. No difference in food-quality for Y. padellus was found between C. monogyna and P. padus. The performance of both species on P. padus is less influenced by seasonal changes than on Crataegus. The suitability of Crataegus decreases during the season. This is probably caused by the decrease of its nitrogen content, and not by the decrease of sorbitol in the plant. The monophagous, Y. evonymellus, is more sensitive to seasonal changes in its food when fed with a non host plant than the oligophagous Y. padellus. In oviposition experiments both species have a preference for their normal host-plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351956
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in relative quantities of airborne sex pheromone components from individual femaleEphestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 639-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Effluvium ; variation ; Ephestia cautella ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; single insect ; pheromone composition ; behaviour ; GC-MS ; (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The airborne sex pheromone components (Z,E)-9,12-tetradeca-dien-1-yl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-y1 acetate from single calling females ofEphestia cautella (Walker) were trapped within glass capillary tubes and were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Broad and similar distributions of relative quantities were found for a laboratory strain and three Australian field strains, and means differed strongly from those reported previously for this species. The overall mean proportion of the two components found for Australian females was 88∶12. The composition in individuals ranged from 63∶27 to 97∶3. The proportions for individuals appeared to vary slightly in a random fashion from day to day, and proportions for first-generation progeny were influenced by the maternal blend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abraxas grossulariata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): Identification of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene and (6Z,9Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene in the female sex pheromone (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone identification ; (6Z,9Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyhepta-decadiene ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene ; Abraxas grossulariata ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-Heptadecatriene and (6Z,9Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene have been identified in female sex pheromone gland extracts ofAbraxas grossulariata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The compounds were detected by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and identified by GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The amounts of hydrocarbon and epoxide were 0.13 and 0.42 ng/female, respectively. These identifications were confirmed by synthesis; the absolute configuration of the epoxide remains to be determined. Another isomeric epoxide, (3Z,6Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheptadecadiene, was tentatively identified in small amounts (0.04 ng/female). Racemic (6Z,9Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene elicited the largest electroantennogram response within a series of heptadecadiene and nonadecadiene monoepoxides and the corresponding trienic hydrocarbons and, in field tests, attracted maleA. grossulariata into traps. Addition of 10% (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene to this epoxide enhanced attractiveness; addition of (3Z,6Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheptadecadiene had no effect at low proportions while higher proportions caused a reduction in the numbers of males caught.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997161
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The atom assignment problem in automated de novo drug design. 2. A method for molecular graph and fragment perception (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 9 (1995), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: De novo drug design ; Molecular electrostatic potential ; Molecular graphs ; Molecular similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary If atom assignment onto 3D molecular graphs is to be optimized, an efficient scheme for placement must be developed. The strategy adopted in this paper is to analyze the molecular graphs in terms of cyclical and non-cyclical nodes; the latter are further divided into terminal and non-terminal nodes. Molecular fragments, from a fragments database, are described in a similar way. A canonical numbering scheme for the fragments and the local subgraph of the molecular graph enables fragments to be placed efficiently onto the molecular graph. Further optimization is achieved by placing similar fragments into bins using a hashing scheme based on the canonical numbering. The graph perception algorithm is illustrated in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00125176
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The atom assignment problem in automated de novo drug design. 5. Tests for envelope-directed fragment placement based on molecular similarity (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 9 (1995), S. 457-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: De novo drug design ; Molecular electrostatic potential ; Molecular complementarity ; Molecular similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The fragment placement method has been successfully extended to the problem of envelope-directed design. The atom assignment paradigm was based on molecular similarity between two molecular structures. A composite supersurface is defined to form the surface onto which the molecular fields are projected. The assignment process is then determined by using molecular similarity in the objective function to be optimized. In principle, this procedure is closely similar to that outlined in the previous paper for site-directed design. The rationale has been extensively tested on two benzodiazepine antagonists believed to bind to the same site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124003
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