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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercomparison campaign of vertical ozone profiles including electrochemical sondes of ECC and Brewer-Mast type and a ground based UV-differential absorption lidar (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 19 (1994), S. 259-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Vertical ozone profiles ; Tropospheric Ozone Research Project ; Brewer-Mast sondes ; ground-based UV-DIAL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract An intercomparison campaign was conducted at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) in Southern France in September 1989 in order to compare the three instruments used for vertical tropospheric ozone profiling in the European TOR (Tropospheric Ozone Research Project) network: balloon borne ECC and Brewer-Mast sondes and a ground based UV-DIAL (DifferentialAbsorptionLidar). Additionally, a stratospheric lidar system and the Dobson spectrophotometer of the OHP were operated. Seven simultaneously measured vertical ozone profiles gave evidence for systematic differences of 15% between both types of electrochemical sondes in the troposphere, the Brewer-Mast sondes reading the smaller ozone values. These differences might be explained on the one hand by a possible contamination of the ozone sensor with reducing substances, causing a negative bias mainly for Brewer-Mast sondes and, on the other hand, by the evolution of the sonde background current during the flight, causing a positive bias for ECC sondes and a negative bias for Brewer-Mast sondes. The tropospheric lidar system, measuring the vertical ozone distribution between 6 and 12–15 km, showed ozone concentrations intermediate between the sonde results. This is in good agreement with its estimated systematic error of better than 7% in the upper troposphere. In the stratosphere, the differences between electrochemical sondes and the lidar are between 5 and 10% before the normalisation with the total ozone values measured by the Dobson spectrophotometer, and always below 5% after. While the Dobson normalisation thus corrects rather well the stratospheric part of the sonde profile, it only partially reduces errors occurring in the troposphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694614
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Measurements of Light Hydrocarbons (C2–C5) at Schauinsland (Black Forest) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 28 (1997), S. 135-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: nonmethane hydrocarbons ; troposphere ; ambient hydrocarbon measurements ; seasonal variation ; biogenic emissions of light olefins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Long-term measurements of light hydrocarbons(C2–C5 HC‘s) were performed in the courseof the EUROTRAC sub-project TOR (Tropospheric Ozone Research) in thesouthern part of the Black Forest in southwest Germany. The measurementscover a time period of five years (January 1989–January 1994) and theair samples were analyzed onsite by an automated GC-system. Pronouncedannual cycles with maxima in late winter and minima in late summer wereobserved in the case of the slowly reacting hydrocarbons ethane, propane andacetylene, reflecting the fact that the seasonal variation of these speciesis photochemically driven. For the shorter lived compounds the seasonalvariations are considerably weaker, connected with a stronger scatter of theindividual measurements, which is caused by different distances to theirmain sources for different wind vectors as well as by varying sourcestrengths. From a detailed characterization of the hydrocarbon patterns theinfluence of two different sources could be distinguished. An extrapolationto photochemical age of zero and completion of our data with those from aspeciated VOC inventory yields an estimated [VOC]/NOx sourceratio for Schauinsland of ≈5 [ppbC/ppb]. Comparable[VOC]/NOx ratios are observed in automobile exhaust gasesunder low speed conditions, which points to the important role of trafficunder conditions, when freshly polluted air masses from a near-by city areadvected to the site. From an investigation of the photochemical age of theadvected air masses it becomes clear that there must exist biogenic sourcesof light olefins in the vicinity of the observatory during the vegetationperiod. For propene and the butenes we are able to estimate a lower limit oftheir contributions in terms of reactivity to the total reactivity(∑ [HC](i)⋅ k_OH(i),i=C2-C5) of the measured hydrocarbons. Forlowest pollution levels in summer (acetylene 〈300 ppt, about 40%of the summer values) this source is found to be responsible for15–20% of the total C2–C5reactivity observed at Schauinsland. On the average, this source accountsfor 5–10% of the total C2–C5reactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005878018619
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