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  • Bone  (6)
  • Noctuidae  (6)
  • Springer  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteoporosis ; Resorption ; Deer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des biopsies de côte, métacarpe et tibia sont prélevées chez des daims, cinq fois, pendant le cycle de croissance annuelle des andouillers. Les tissus sont étudiés par des méthodes histométriques ou densitométriques, suivies par l'analyse minérale à l'aide de la spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique. Peu de remaniement s'observe dans le tissu osseux pendant la période de repos, mais pendant la période de croissance maximale des andouillers en juin, le remaniement osseux interne atteint son maximum. La résorption la plus élevée de 22,99% s'observe dans les côtes: elles est de 13,10% dans le métacarpe et 10,37% dans le métatarse. A l'automne, à la fin de la croissance des andouillers, on note une diminution du remaniement qui atteint des valeurs voisines de celle de la période de repos. Au niveau des côtes, les valeurs les plus faibles de poids de cendre, par unité de volume, s'observent au milieu de la période de croissance des andouillers, mais aucune variation cyclique de ces valeurs n'est trouvée dans le métacarpe, le métatarse et le tibia. Le pourcentage de calcium, magnésium et phosphore dans la cendre d'os ne varie pas pendant le cycle de croissance de l'andouiller. Il ne semble donc pas y avoir de changement de composition osseuse pendant les periodes de remaniement élevé.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurden beim Wild in 5 Intervallen während des jährlichen Geweihwachstums-Cyclus folgende Biopsie-Proben entnommen: Rippe, Metacarpus, Metatarsus und Tibia. Die Gewebe wurden entweder mit histometrischen Methoden oder mit densitometrischen Messungen untersucht, welche durch eine Mineralanalyse mittels Atom-Absorptions-Spektrophotometrie ergänzt wurden. Während der Ruheperiode des Geweihwachstums erfolgte wenig Knochenneubildung; während der Hauptgeweihwachstumszeit im Juni hingegen erreichte die Knochenneubildung einen Höhepunkt. Die höchste Resorption von 22,99% erfolgte in den Rippen, beim Metacarpus waren es 13,10% und beim Metatarsus 10,37%. Beim Stillstand des Geweihwachstums im Herbst sank auch die Knochenneubildung wieder auf das niedere Niveau ab, das vor dem Geweihwachstum festgestellt wurde. Bei den Rippen zeigten sich die niedrigsten Werte des Aschgewichts per Volumeneinheit in der Mitte des Geweihwachstums; aber bei Metacarpus, Metatarsus und Tibia wurden für diese Werte keine cyclischen Veränderungen festgestellt. Der Prozentsatz von Calcium, Magnesium und Phosphor in der Knochenasche veränderte sich während des Geweihwaschstums-Cyclus nicht, was darauf hindeutet, daß die Zusammensetzung des Knochens während der Perioden erhöhter Neubildung gleich blieb.
    Notes: Abstract Biopsy samples of rib, metacarpus, metatarsus and tibia were obtained from deer at five intervals during the annual antler growth cycle. Tissues were examined by either histometric methods or by densitometric measurements followed by mineral analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Little remodelling occurred in bones during the period of antler quiescence, but during the peak of antler growth in June, internal bone remodelling reached a peak. The highest resorption of 22.99% occurred in ribs with lower levels of 13.10% for metacarpus and 10.37% for metatarsus. At the cessation of antler growth in the fall, remodelling again decreased to the low level found preceeding antler growth. In ribs lowest values of ash weight per unit volume occurred during the middle of antler growth but no cyclic variations were found for these values in metacarpus, metatarsus and tibia. Percentage of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in bone ash did not vary during the antler growth cycle indicating no change in bone composition during periods of high remodelling.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Parathyroid hormone ; Bone ; Calcium ; Chick embryo ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to measure in an in vitro system the movement of Ca and phosphate (Pi) out of bone when treated with parathyroid hormone (PTH). Tibiae from 13-day chick embryos were incubated for up to 8 h in a defined medium containing 1.8 mM Ca. Medium samples were collected every 2 h and were analyzed for Ca, Pi and lactate. Net effluxes from the bones were calculated. When bones were incubated with PTH in the medium (1 U/ml), net Ca efflux was increased 44, 60 and 100% at 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively. At no time was net Pi efflux affected by the hormone. The well known PTH-stimulated lactate production was not seen until 8 h. Lower doses of PTH (0.1 and 0.3 U/ml) were also effective. Comparing PTH (1 U/ml) responsiveness at higher (2.2 mM) and lower (0.9 mM) medium Ca concentrations, showed that with 2.2 mM Ca no increased Ca efflux was seen, while with 0.9 mM Ca significant elevation in medium Ca occurred 2 h sooner than in the experiments using 1.8 mM Ca. In another experiment, varying the medium Pi level from 1 to 2 mM had no effect on the Ca response to PTH. In neither experiment was Pi release affected by PTH. The results of this study have led to the following conclusions: (1) PTH acts on bone to cause an early dose related increase in net Ca efflux; (2) the effect is specific for Ca, since it is not accompanied by an increased Pi efflux, and may be saturated by raising the medium Ca level; and (3) PTH-stimulated Ca efflux in this system is not correlated with, and is probably not a result of increased lactate production.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Density ; Composition ; Renal osteodystrophy ; Dogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bone density and composition were studied in trabecular and cortical bone from control 2 and 4 year old beagles and those which had various degrees of renal failure as a result of perinatal irradiation. Changes in the two types of bone were qualitatively similar but consistently greater in trabecular bone. In a group identified as markedly uremic, the decrease (P〈0.025) from control levels in specific gravity was about 4 times greater in trabecular than in cortical samples. The decrease (P〈0.025) in grams of ash/ml was 9% in trabecular bone and 2% in cortical bone. These changes were associated with an increase (P〈0.001) in water content and, on a percent by volume basis, approximately equal decreases in ash (P〈0.025) and combustible matter (P〈0.025). In a mildly uremic group there were similar trends in mean values but the only significant difference was an increase (P〈0.001) in trabecular bone water.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Drugs ; Trabecular ; Turnover ; Computer ; Model ; Sensitivity ; Activation frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A computer model of trabecular bone turnover has been developed, based on concepts of Jonathan Reeve [1]. This model predicts changes in bone volume by summing bone resorption and formation over a large number of remodeling sites. Clinical data [histomorphometry and bone mineral content (BMC)] from two clinical studies using an antiresorptive drug (etidronate disodium, EHDP) in post-menopausal osteoporosis were used to test the model. The results for BMC obtained from the EHDP and placebo groups in each study at 60 and 120 weeks were correctly predicted by the model from the histomorphometric data obtained from baseline and week 60 biopsies. The parameter in this model having the greatest influence on predicted changes in bone volume was found by sensitivity analysis to be activation frequency. These results suggest that the contribution of bone turnover to BMC can be predicted solely by considering the cell kinetics of the basic multicellular unit (BMU), and that, in the case of antiresorptive drugs, maximal effects on bone volume may be achieved by pharmacological reduction of activation frequency. The results also suggest that the present model may be useful in predicting in clinical studies the effects of EHDP and similar drugs on bone turnover.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 201-205 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Bone ; Osteoporosis ; Aging osteopenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 353 healthy white women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurements were made of both the posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral spine, as well as the proximal femur (neck and Ward's triangle). From age 50 to 80 years, the BMD of the PA spine and femur neck BMD had an 18% diminution (0.6%/year), and BMD of the lateral spine showed about a 35–40% decline (1.4%/year). The Ward's triangle region of the femur was not quite as decreased (30% or 1.1%/year). The BMD decrease associated with aging did not differ as much among sites when expressed relative to the intrapopulation variation rather than as a percentage. The Z-score for PA spine and femur neck BMD (-1.1) was significantly different than that for lateral spine BMD (-1.6); Ward's triangle was intermediate (-1.3), i.e., the lateral spine still showed the highest sensitivity to aging. However, the ability to detect age changes in an individual subject can be increased only if the precision error for lateral spine BMD is not increased to a greater extent than the sensitivity.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 439-457 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect sex pheromone ; insect attractant ; Agrotis ipsilon ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; black cutworm moth ; Cucullia intermedia ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-7-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (I) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (II) have been identified as sex pheromone components of the black cutworm moth,Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel). They are emitted by the female in approximately a 5∶1 ratio. Differential saturation studies with male antennae suggest that there are two different acceptor sites for the two pheromone components. The most effective lures found in field trapping tests were 30 μg of I plus 10 μg of II on a rubber septum, and a 3∶1 mixture of I and II dispensed from a 0.2-mm-ID glass capillary tube sealed at one end.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 509-531 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; olfaction ; electroantennogram ; neurophysiology ; Trichoplusia ni ; Heliothis zea ; Plodia interpunctella ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A consistent pattern of relationships emerges from comparisons of insect electroantennograms, peripheral olfactory receptor neuron responses, and behavioral responses to quantified concentrations of odorants. One consistency is that all of the different response measurements can be described by stimulus-response curves of the same form. Another is that the responses have characteristic groupings when they are plotted against odorant concentration. The pattern of relationships is exemplified in the responses ofTrichoplusia ni (Hübner),Heliothis zea (Boddie), andPlodia interpunctella (Hübner) to several pheromone components and analogs. To quantify the relevant stimulus parameters for the response comparisons, the emission rates of the stimulus delivery system were calibrated for several 12 to 17-carbon pheromone components. The stimulus-response relationships determined forT. ni, H. zea, andP. interpunctella are combined with relationships reported for other insects in the literature, and applications are discussed for the interpretation of pheromone trapping and laboratory bioassays.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2625-2634 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; disruption ; atmospheric permeation ; neurophysiology ; Heliothis zea (Boddie) ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract For some species, chemical analogs have been identified that can substitute for the major pheromone component and reduce pheromone-trap captures in atmospheric permeation experiments. The ability to substitute these analogs for the major pheromone component in field tests raises the question: Do the same set of olfactory receptor neurons on the insects' antennae respond to both the major component and the effective structural analogs? To investigate this question, extracellular responses were recorded from single sensilla on the antennae of maleHeliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to stimulation with increasing doses of (Z)-11-hexadecenal, the major pheromone component, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate, and (Z)-1,12-heptadecadiene. Both (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate and (Z)-1,12-heptadecadiene can substitute for (Z)-11-hexadecenal in trap disruption experiments and affect the sexual behavior of males, although neither has been identified in the volatiles released by calling females. All three compounds elicited responses from the same class of pheromone-sensitive receptor neurons over a range of stimulus concentrations. At equivalent stimulus concentrations, however, (Z)-11-hexadecenal elicited about a 10-fold greater response than (Z)-1,12-heptadecadiene. (Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol formate elicited a response slightly higher than, but not significantly different from, the response to (Z)-1,12-heptadecadiene.
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  • 9
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    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Heliothis zea ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera ; Eucelatoria bryani ; Tachinidae ; Diptera ; host-parasitoid relationship ; host suitability ; progeny production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les influences de l'état de développement de l'hôte sur le taux de parasitisme, la production de descendants, l'émergence des adultes et le taux sexuel de la techinaire E. bryani Sabrosky ont été examinés au laboratoire. Un parasitisme réussi,-qui entraîne la formation d'un parasitoïde adulte-, s'effectue dans les chenilles de stades 2 à 5 et dans les prénymphes d'Heliothis zea Boddie. II s'agit d'un élargissement considérable de la gamme connue des tailles convenables d'hôtes. Bien que le parasitisme n'ait jamais réussi avec les chenilles de premier stade, une très forte mortalité, 93% a été observée quand ces petites chenilles ont été exposées à la tachinaire. Pour permettre l'introduction par le larvipositeur des asticots dans la chenille, la mouche perfore la cuticule de l'hôte avec un sclérite modifié; ainsi, une grande partie de la mortalité est provoquée vraisemblablement par le traumatisme dû au parasitoïde. Le succès du parasitisme a augmenté en fonction du développement de l'hôte du second stade (30%) au cinquième stade (95%), pour tomber à 63% dans les prénymphes. Cependant, aucune des prénymphes exposées aux mouches n'a été capable de donner des papillons. Les production moyennes de pupes et de mouches par chenille effectivement parasitée ont augmenté avec le stade de développement de l'hôte pouratteindre dans les prénymphes respectivement 14,5±1,33 et 10,6±1,02. Le taux sexuel des mouches obtenues a été très variable pour les différents stades de développement des chenilles, sans qu'aucune corrélation ait pu être mise en évidence. Une formule permettant de calculer un ‘indice d'adéquation de l'hôte’ est proposé. Cet indice permet une comparaison directe des impacts globaux et des potentiels reproducteurs des femelles de E. bryani attaquant des hôtes à différents stades.
    Notes: Abstract Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae) successfully parasitized 2nd through 5th instars and prepupal Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the laboratory. Percent successful parasitism (that which resulted in the production of adult parasitoid progeny) increased with host developmental state, reaching 95% in 5th instars, but fell to 63% in prepupae. While 25% of the exposed prepupae metamorphosed to pupae, none developed into adults. E. bryani maggots emerged from only 5% of H. zea pupae. The mean number of fly puparia and adults produced per successfully parasitized larva increased with host stadium, reaching 14.5±1.33 (SEM) and 10.6±1.02, respectively, in prepupae. The sex ratio of adult parasitoid progeny per host larval stadium was variable, and did not appear to follow a pattern. A formula for calculating a ‘host favorability index’ is presented. This index allows a direct comparison of the overall impact and reproductive potential of E. bryani attacking hosts of varying developmental states.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3067-3089 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals ; kairomones ; parasitoid behavior ; parasitoid manipulation ; foraging environment ; Heliothis zea ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Allelochemicals are known to serve important roles at all steps in the host-searching sequence of parasitoids. We discuss the various roles of these allelochemics and the type of information needed to develop their use in pest control, which to date has been very limited. Rapid advancements are being made with respect to airborne chemicals and longer-range foraging behavior. Moreover, recent discoveries have shown that genetic diversity in parasitoid populations and phenotypic plasticity of individuals, together with their physiological state, often result in substantial variations in the response to chemical cues. Successful application of semiochemical-parasitoid systems will require management of these intrinsic parasitoid variables as well as management of the foraging environment. We illustrate emerging technology for such an application. For the immediate future, the development of this technology will allow us to: (1) define the genetic and phenotypic foraging profiles important to consistent and efficient parasitoid foraging, and (2) establish the proper propagation and release procedures and monitoring bioassays necessary to ensure appropriate behavioral and physiological qualities of released organisms. For the long term, we envision technology for comprehensively manipulating the pest/crop environment in ways that would provide foraging stimuli and other needs important to retention and efficiency of parasitoids.
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