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  • Amacrine cell  (2)
  • Bipolar cell  (2)
  • Halobacteria  (2)
  • Springer  (4)
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  • Springer  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halocins: are they involved in the competition between halobacteria in saltern ponds? (2000)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 4 (2000), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Halocins ; Halobacteria ; Salterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Many representatives of the family Halobacteriaceae ("halobacteria") excrete halophilic bacteriocins (halocins) that inhibit the growth of other halobacteria. In spite of the fact that halocin production is widespread among the Halobacteriaceae, no information is available on their ecological significance. To test whether halocins may play a role in the interspecies competition between dif-ferent types of halobacteria in saltern crystallizer ponds inhabited by dense communities of these red halophiles, we assayed for halocins active against a variety of halobacteria in salterns from different locations worldwide. Detection of halocin activity was based on the inhibition of growth of indicator organisms on agar plates, the decreased incorporation of radiolabeled substrates, and microscopic examinations. No halocin activity was detected in any of the brines examined, in spite of the fact that halocin production was demonstrated in cultures of most microorganisms isolated from these brines. Thus, the contribution of halocins in the competition between different halobacteria in hypersaline aquatic environments is probably negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The divalent cation requirement of Dead Sea halobacteria (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Halobacteria ; Magnesium tolerance ; Dead Sea bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pleomorphic Halobacterium strains isolated from the Dead Sea (H. volcanii, H. marismortui) require high concentrations of divalent cations (75 mM Mg2+) for growth. When suspended in medium containing less than 50 mM Mg2+ cells lose their native shape within minutes and become spherical. This occurs even at elevated sodium chloride concentrations. Concomitant with the morphological changes, a high mlecular weight component which is positive in Coomassie Brilliant Blue and in periodate Schiff stain is released into the surrounding medium. At divalent cation concentrations lower than 100 mM magnesium cells were shown to lose their viability and their ability to incorporate amino acids. The potency of different divalent cations or their combinations to enable growth and stabilize morphology and viability was studied. It is suggested that different mechanisms underlie the divalent cation requirement of the different functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409841
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopaminergic neurons in the retina of Xenopus laevis: amacrine vs. interplexiform subtypes and relation to bipolar cells (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Dopamine ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Amacrine cell ; Interplexiform neuron ; Bipolar cell ; Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Presumed dopaminergic neurons were visualized in the retina of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, by anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity. The studied cells constitute a uniform population with perikarya at the junction of inner nuclear (INL) and inner plexiform (IPL) layers. Each cell body gives rise to 4–6 relatively stout processes (0.5–2.0 μm in diameter) which run for up to 1.2 mm in strata 4–5 of the IPL. These processes have a very asymmetric distribution in the horizontal plane of the retina. A dense plexus of TH fine fibers is distributed uniformly in stratum 1 of the IPL. TH cells are distributed evenly but sparsely (16–20 cells/mm2) across the retina. About 20% of the TH neurons emit 1–3 distally directed fine processes, the majority of which extend 〈20 μm, which barely suffices to reach the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Other longer processes are typically unbranched; some reach the OPL, others run tangentially in the INL. The axon terminals of Golgi-impregnated bipolar cells are characterized according to the strata of the IPL in which they arborize. About 80% are confined either to strata 1–2 or 3–5, conforming to the ‘off’ and ‘on’ zones defined by Famiglietti and Kolb (1976). The remainder appear to end in both zones, some extending across the entire width of the IPL. EM examination showed that TH processes receive bipolar synaptic input in both distal and proximal portions of the IPL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305777
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopaminergic neurons in the retina of Xenopus laevis: amacrine vs. interplexiform subtypes and relation to bipolar cells (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Amacrine cell ; Interplexiform neuron ; Bipolar cell ; Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Presumed dopaminergic neurons were visualized in the retina of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, by anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity. The studied cells constitute a uniform population with perikarya at the junction of inner nuclear (INL) and inner plexiform (IPL) layers. Each cell body gives rise to 4–6 relatively stout processes (0.5–2.0 μm in diameter) which run for up to 1.2 mm in strata 4–5 of the IPL. These processes have a very asymmetric distribution in the horizontal plane of the retina. A dense plexus of TH fine fibers is distributed uniformly in stratum 1 of the IPL. TH cells are distributed evenly but sparsely (16–20 cells/mm2) across the retina. About 20% of the TH neurons emit 1–3 distally directed fine processes, the majority of which extend 〈 20 μm, which barely suffices to reach the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Other longer processes are typically unbranched; some reach the OPL, others run tangentially in the INL. The axon terminals of Golgi-impregnated bipolar cells are characterized according to the strata of the IPL in which they arborize. About 80% are confined either to strata 1–2 or 3–5, conforming to the ‘off’ and ‘on’ zones defined by Famiglietti and Kolb (1976). The remainder appear to end in both zones, some extending across the entire width of the IPL. EM examination showed that TH processes receive bipolar synaptic input in both distal and proximal portions of the IPL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305777
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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