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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pre- and post-irradiation glucan treatment on pluripotent stem cells, granulocyte, macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells, and hemopoietic stromal cells (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1240-1244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mice ; glucan treatment ; Co60-irradiation ; stem cells, pluripotent ; granulocytes ; macrophages ; erythroid progenitor cells ; hemopoietic stomal cells ; hemopoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucan, a beta-1, 3 polyglucose, was administered to mice either 1 h before or 1 h after a 650 rad exposure to cobalt-60 radiation. Compared to radiation controls, glucan-treated mice consistantly exhibited a more rapid recovery of pluripotent stem cells and committed granulocyte, macrophage, and erythroid progenitor cells. This may partially explain the mechanism by which glucan also enhances survival in otherwise lethally irradiated mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946654
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiasma frequency in strains of mice selected for litter size and for high body weight (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 640-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mice ; Recombination ; Selection ; Chiasmata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chiasma frequency was measured in male mice of three outbred lines: FZt:DU (control); DU:6, selected for increased body weight; and DU:C, selected for high fertility. Chiasma frequency was seen to increase in the high body weight line, but decrease in the high fertility line. In both selected lines the intragroup variance in chiasma frequency increased while in DU:C the intracell variance was lower than in the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224163
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Un vivo depletion of murine CD8 positive T cells impairs survival during infection with a highly virulent strain ofCryptococcus neoformans (1994)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 125 (1994), S. 7-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Cryptococcus ; Host defense ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Mice ; Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell-mediated immunity plays an important but incompletely understood role in host defense againstCryptococcus neoformans. Because of their multiple capacities as cytokine-secreting cells, cytotoxic cells, and antigen-specific suppressor cells, CD8 positive T lymphocytes could potentially either enhance or impair host defense againstC. neoformans. To determine whether CD8 T cells enhance or inhibit host defence during an infection with a highly virulent strain ofC. neoformans, we examined the effect of in vivo CD8 cell depletion on suNival and on the number of organisms in mice infected by either the intratracheal or intravenous routes. Adequacy of depletion was confirmed both phenotypically and functionally. Regardless of the route of infection, we found that survival of mice depleted of CD8 T cells was significantly reduced compared to undepleted mice. Surprisingly, however, CD8 depletion did not alter organism burden measured by quantitative CFU assay in mice infected by either route. These data demonstrate that CD8 positive T cells participate in the immune response to a highly virulent strain ofC. neoformans. By contrast to minimally virulent isolates that do not cause a life threatening infection, the immune response to a highly virulent isolate does not alter the burden of organisms, but does enhance host defense as it is necessary for the optimal survival of infected mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103969
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sperm enzyme activity analysis in individual sperm for detection of heritable mutations in mammals (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 253-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mice ; heritable mutations ; sperm enzyme activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male mice were injected i.p. with 2.5 mg/kg mitomycin C, 100 mg/kg ethyl nitrosourea or saline and mated with untreated virgin females five weeks later. Sperm from 64 of the F1 male progeny were analyzed histochemically for acrosin, succinic dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity. The frequency of F1 males with sub-normal sperm enzyme activity was significantly higher among progeny from treated males than in controls. These results show that analysis of sperm enzyme activity in F1 males is a practical method for detection of transmitted mutations induced in a treated parent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01941727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of chemical processing in the circumstellar environment (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 224 (1995), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Depletions ; Shocks ; IRAS 05338-0624 ; NGC 1333 IRAS 4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High resolution interferometer and single-dish observations of young, deeply embedded stellar systems reveal a complex chemistry in the circumstellar environments of low to intermediate mass stars. Depletions of gas-phase molecules, grain mantle evaporation, and shock interactions actively drive chemical processes in different regions around young stars. We present results for two systems, IRAS 05338-0624 and NGC 1333 IRAS 4, to illustrate the behavior found and to examine the physical processes at work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667826
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent mixing of reactive gases in the convective boundary layer (1997)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 85 (1997), S. 197-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Chemistry ; Closure ; Convective boundary layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the interactions of chemistry and turbulent mixing of tracersin the convective boundary layer with a second-order closure model,including higher order chemistry terms. In order to limit the number of predictive equations we prescribe the profiles for ¯w¯Θ, ¯w¯θ ¯θ and the lengthscale l. However, for model validation we treat temperature and humidity asinert tracers, and compare the results with profiles observed during theAir Mass Transformation Experiment, and with similarity expressions for thesurface layer. We find good agreement of the mean profiles, but the (co-)variances are slightly underpredicted. Furthermore, the model usesdiagnostic equations expressing third moments of concentration in terms ofsecond moments and their vertical derivatives. They are compared withlarge-eddy model results, showing good agreement and, therefore, thesimplifications are justified. The model is applied to the transport of two gases subject to one bimolecular reaction. The importance of concentration correlations on themean transformation rate is studied. For two gases diffusing in oppositedirections we find for moderate and fast chemistry a 50% and90% decreased transformation rate due to the negatively correlatedconcentrations. These values are similar to large-eddy results of Schumannand Sykes et al. For two bottom-up tracers we find that the covariance ofboth reactive species is either positive or negative, increasing or reducingthe effective transformation rate depending on the Damköhler number (the ratio of the turbulent and the chemistry timescale). A significantdirect influence of chemistry on the flux divergence is found in bothcases. According to the model the effective transport to mid-levels of theboundary layer is increased when two reactive tracers diffuse in oppositedirections, and decreased in the case of two bottom-up tracers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000414710372
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and correlated responses to selection for weaning weight, post-weaning weight gain and six-week weight in mice (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mice ; Selection ; Growth ; Genetic correlation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four lines of mice were formed from a common base population and selected for 37 generations for either increased 3-week weight (weaning weight), 6-week weight, 3–6 week gain, or maintained as a randomly bred control line. Realised heritability estimates for short-term (long-term) responses were 0.33±0.20 (0.07±0.10), 0.46±0.14 (0.26±0.09), 0.36±0.14 (0.24±0.11) for 3-week weight, 6-week weight and 3–6 week gain, respectively. Realised genetic correlations estimated from short-term (long-term) responses were 0.23±0.08 (0.35±0.10) between 3-week weight and 3–6 week gain; 0.82±0.04 (0.58±0.08) between 3-week weight and 6-week weight; and 0.81±0.04 (0.97±0.04) between 3–6 week gain and 6-week weight. The genetic correlation between 3-week weight and 6-week weight was asymmetric with a greater correlated response for 3-week weight when selecting for 6-week weight (1.06) than vice versa (0.63).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317015
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Replicated selection for insulin-like growth factor-1 and body weight in mice (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: IGF-1 ; Body weight ; Realized heritability ; Genetic correlation ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five generations of divergent selection for plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and for 12-week body weight were carried out in mice, including randomly selected control lines for each trait. All lines were replicated once (12 lines in total). Each replicate line consisted of eight male and eight female parents per generation. Litter size was standardized to eight pups at birth. Mass selection was applied in the selected lines and within-family random selection in the control lines. Blood was taken from the orbital sinus of individual mice at 12 weeks of age for IGF-1 assay. Realized heritabilities were 0.10±0.01 for IGF-1 and 0.41 ± 0.02 for 12-week weight. The realized genetic correlation between IGF-1 and 12-week weight was 0.58 ± 0.01, with a phenotypic correlation of 0.38. Although the genetic correlation between IGF-1 and body weight in mice is moderately positive, 12-week weight responded 3.5 times as fast to weight selection as to selection for IGF-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226738
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term restricted index selection in mice designed to change fat content without changing body size (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Selection index ; Restricted index ; Fat ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if low secondary selection differentials, caused by selecting within full-sib families, may have accounted for the failure of an intended restricted selection index to reduce epididymal fat pad weight (EF) without changing body weight (BW) in mice. Replicate lines that had been selected within full-sib families for high (HE) or low (LE) EF, while holding BW constant, were crossed. After two generations of random mating, two replicates were sampled and selection initiated for the same restricted index criteria except that mass selection was used to increase the selection differentials. In both phases of selection the HE restricted index selection, designed to increase EF without altering BW, was in agreement with expectation. In contrast, the LE index, designed to decrease EF without changing BW, did not agree with theory since BW increased while EF decreased only slightly. Therefore, reduced selection differentials could not explain the deviation from theory. A possible explanation may reside in the restricted selection index being more sensitive to changes in genetic parameters due to shifts in gene frequency as a consequence of the selection applied. However, linkage disequilibrium and genetic drift can not be ruled out as contributing factors to the asymmetry of response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220897
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for fertility in mice — the selection plateau and how to overcome it (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 72-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mice ; Selection experiments ; Plateau ; Fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A long-term experiment for increasing the traits first day litter size (LS1) and litter weight (LW1) was conducted with two populations for 33 generations. The selection plateau was reached in population DU-C (selection and estrus synchronization (h2 = 0.02±0.01); in population DU-K (selection) the plateau (h2 = 0.05±0.2) was nearly reached. Selection progress per generation was in LS1 b = 0.11±0.02; b = 0.12±0.04 (1st to 18th generation DU-K, DU-C) and b = 0.10±0.03; b = 0.07±0.05 (19th to 33rd generation, DU-K, DU-C) in LW1 b = 0.16±0.04 g; 0.19±0.07 g (DU-K, DU-C) b = 0.20±0.09 g; 0.001±0.09 g (DU-K, DU-C). Reverse and relaxe selection as well as systematic inbreeding was applied for 10 generations. Reverse selection yielded h2 = 0.28±0.11 (R-DU-K) and h2 = 0.17±0.05 (R-DU-C) and showed that there was still additive genetic variance. Relaxe selection did not cause alterations in the selection parameters, whereas inbreeding lead to inbred depressions (b = LS1 = −0.42±0.15; −0.45±0.12; b = LW1 = −1.13±0.20; −0.82±0.18 I-DU-K, I-DU-C). The plateau was based upon the heterozygote advantage. Several methods for overcoming the plateau were applied. A new selective useful variance could be created by crossing the plateau populations (h2 = 0.14±0.04). A short-term progress in overcoming the plateau (1st to 3rd generation) could be obtained by litter size standardization (LS = 388). Tandem selection (selection for body weight — BW42) as well as crossing of inbred strains were not suitable for overcoming the selection plateau. Altering the environmental conditions as a possibility for overcoming the plateau has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264485
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