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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 70 (2000), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Johntomait, ein neues Glied der Bjarebyit-Gruppe von Bariumphosphaten: Beschreibung und Strukturverfeinerung Johntomait, BaFe2+ 2Fe3+ 2(PO4)3(OH)3, ist ein neues Glied der Bjarebyit-Gruppe von Bariumphosphaten, und stellt das Fe2+-Analogon von Perloffit dar. Es kommt extrem selten in Haldenmaterial der Spring Creek-Kupfermine bei Wilmington, südliche Flinders Ranges, Südaustralien, vor. Johntomait bildet Aggregate von grünlich schwarzen, monoklinen Prismen mit einer Länge von 0.3 bis 1 mm, und ist vergesellschaftet mit Quarz, Libethenit, Pseudomalachit und Mitridatit. Das Mineral ist undurchsichtig, mit dunkelgraugrünem Strich, glasigem, harzigem bis diamantartigem Glanz, perfekter Spaltbarkeit parallel {100}, unregelmäßigem Bruch, Mohs-Härte 4½, und D(gem.) 4.05(1), D(ber.) 4.084 g/cm3. Optische Eigenschaften: zweiachsig negativ, α 1.817(3), β 1.829(6), γ 1.837(3), 2Vα ∼ 80–85(5)° (gem.), 78.0° (ber.). Der Pleochroismus ist ausgeprägt: X bläulich grün, Y dunkelbräunlich grün, Z bräunlich; Absorption Y 〉 X ≥ Z; Z = b; (wahrscheinlich) r ≪ v. Das Mineral ist monoklin, P21/m, a 9.199(9), b 12.359(8), c 5.004(2) Aring;, β 100.19(6)°, V  559.9(5) Aring;3, Z = 2. Stärkste Linien im Röntgenpulverdiagramm [d (I ) hkl]: 3.159 (100) 031,−221; 2.983 (50) 211; 2.749 (50b) 221,−311; 4.573 (40) 011; 3.091 (40) −131. Elektronenmikrosondenanalysen ergaben (Gew.%): BaO 21.96, FeO 13.34, CaO 3.28, MnO 2.67, Na2O 0.07, MgO 0.05, CuO 0.07, ZnO 0.06, Fe2O3 22.62, Al2O3 0.25, P2O5 30.45, SiO2 0.13, F 0.36, H2O 3.73 (ber.), minus O ≡ F −0.15, Summe 98.89. Die empirische Formel ist Ba1.00(Fe2+ 1.29Ca0.41Mn0.26Na0.02Mg0.01Cu0.01Zn0.01)Σ2.01 (Fe3+ 1.97Al0.03)Σ2.00 [(P2.98Si0.02)O4]3.00(OH2.85F0.13)Σ2.98, basierend auf drei (P + Si) und der Annahme, daß die Fe(2)-Position vollständig mit Fe3+ und Al besetzt ist. Eine Verfeinerung von Einkristallbeugungsdaten (R = 4.92%) bestätigte den Bjarebyit-Typ der Struktur von Johntomait. Sowohl Verfeinerung als auch chemische Analysen zeigen eine negative Korrelation zwischen Ca und (Fe + Mn). Johntomait ist benannt nach John Toma, Amateurmineraloge und Finder des Minerals. Das Typmaterial befindet sich im South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australien.
    Notes: Summary Johntomaite, ideally BaFe2+ 2Fe3+ 2(PO4)3(OH)3, is the Fe2+-analogue of perloffite and represents a new member of the bjarebyite group of barium phosphates. It occurs as an extremely rare mineral on the dumps of the Spring Creek copper mine near Wilmington in the southern Flinders Ranges of South Australia, where it forms clusters of greenish black, monoclinic prisms 0.3 to 1 mm in length. It is associated with quartz, libethenite, pseudomalachite and mitridatite. It is opaque with a dark greyish green streak, it has a vitreous, greasy to subadamantine lustre, a perfect cleavage parallel to {100}, an irregular fracture, a Mohs hardness of 4½, and D(meas.) 4.05(1), D(calc.) 4.084 g/cm3. Optically, it is biaxial negative, with α 1.817(3), β 1.829(6), γ 1.837(3), 2Vα ∼ 80–85(5)° (meas.), 78.0° (calc.). Pleochroism is strong: X bluish green, Y dark brownish green, Z brownish; absorption Y 〉 X ≥ Z; orientation Z = b. Dispersion is strong, (probably) r ≪ v. The mineral is monoclinic, P21/m, with a 9.199(9), b 12.359(8), c5.004(2) Aring;, β 100.19(6)°, V 559.9(5) Aring;3 and Z = 2. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d(I ) hkl]: 3.159 (100) 031,−221; 2.983 (50) 211; 2.749 (50b) 221,−311; 4.573 (40) 011; 3.091 (40) −131. Electron microprobe analysis yielded (wt.%): BaO 21.96, FeO 13.34, CaO 3.28, MnO 2.67, Na2O 0.07, MgO 0.05, CuO 0.07, ZnO 0.06, Fe2O3 22.62, Al2O3 0.25, P2O5 30.45, SiO2 0.13, F 0.36, H2O 3.73 (calc.), less O ≡ F − 0.15, sum 98.89. The empirical formula is Ba1.00 (Fe2+ 1.29Ca0.41Mn0.26Na0.02Mg0.01Cu0.01Zn0.01)Σ2.01(Fe3+ 1.97Al0.03)Σ2.00 [(P2.98Si0.02) O4]3.00(OH2.85F0.13)Σ2.98, based on three (P + Si) and the assumption that the Fe(2) site is completely filled with Fe3+ and Al. A single-crystal structure refinement (R = 4.92%) confirmed the bjarebyite-type structure of johntomaite. Both refinement and chemical analyses demonstrate that Ca and (Fe + Mn) are negatively correlated. Johntomaite is named after Mr. John Toma, amateur mineralogist and finder of the mineral. The type specimen is deposited at the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The Ramanujan journal 3 (1999), S. 221-226 
    ISSN: 1572-9303
    Keywords: partitions ; congruences ; t-cores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Using a very elementary argument, we prove the congruences $$\begin{gathered} a_8 (81n + 21) \equiv 0(\bmod 2){\text{ and}} \hfill \\ a_8 (81n + 75) \equiv 0(\bmod 2) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ where a8(n) is the number of 8-core partitions of n. We also exhibit two infinite families of congruences modulo 2 for 8-cores.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 485-487 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract On non-isothermal oxidation of ytterbium nitrogen woehlerite (Yb4Si2O7N2), also known as the J-phase, a previously unknown and possibly metastable modification of Yb2SiO5 was detected. It is isostructural with the A-type RE2SiO5 modifications (RE=rare-earth element). The crystallographic data and stability of this new modification of Yb2SiO5 are discussed and compared with available data on RE2SiO5 compounds. The present results suggest that, in general, oxidation of rare-earth oxynitride phases might prove to be a fruitful method to obtain phases that are metastable or cannot be prepared by standard methods since their low-temperature stability range would require unrealistically long firing periods.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 210-214 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methods for Quality Control of Solid Rolled Automotive PartsAn economically satisfactory solution has not yet been found for the quality control of solid rolled automotive components. In order to be able to reduce the time (and therefore costs) between rolling and machining, a method is needed, which controls quality direct on the rolling machine.The following up-to-date methods are presently applied in BMW plants. Control of rolling machine, grading test, internal stress test, inspection card, ground surface finish and hardness tests. Other tests are made on the steering knuckles, such as destructive chemical tests, gloss test, Barkhausen effect, dimension check, fine structure analysis and magnaflux testing.The two methods, which up to no permit a qualitative statement, namely internal stress test and Woehler fatigue test, are very involved. According to our present state of research the dimension check and fine structure analysis are good alternatives, to be able to considerably reduce the testing time between rolling and machining. The Barkhausen effect is a very elegant, non-destructive testing method to determine the grade of solid rolled components by way of comparison with sample parts.
    Notes: Die Qualitätskontrolle von festgewalzten Pkw-Bauteilen ist zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht wirtschaftlich zufriedenstellend gelöst. Um die Zeit zwischen dem Walzvorgang und der Montagefertigung, und um die Kosten zu reduzieren, ist eine Methode erwünscht, die eine Überwachung der Qualität unmittelbar an der Walzmaschine erlaubt.Es werden zuerst die folgenden aktuellen bei BMW angewandten Methoden vorgestellt: Kontrolle der Walzmaschine, Einstufenversuch, Eigenspannungsmessung, Kontrollkarte, Schliff und Härteverlauf. Die weiteren Prüfverfahren werden an Achsschenkeln erprobt: zerstörendes chemisches Verfahren, Glanzgradmessung, Barkhausen-Effekt, Maßkontrolle, Feinstrukturanalyse und Magnatest.Die zwei Methoden, die bis jetzt eine qualitative Aussage erlauben, Eigenspannungsmessung und Wöhlerversuch, sind sehr aufwendig. Nach unserem gegenwärtigen Untersuchungsstand sind Maßkontrolle und Feinstrukturanalyse gute Alternativen, um die Prüfzeit zwischen dem Walzvorgang und der Montagefertigung deutlich reduzieren zu können. Der Barkhausen-Effekt stellt eine sehr elegante zerstörungsfreie Prüfmöglichkeit dar, die Güte eines festgewalzten Bauteils nach Vergleich mit Musterteilen ermitteln zu können.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 341 (1991), S. 357-359 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Rutherford backscattering in combination with 12C(d,po) 13C nuclear reaction has been applied to understand the high wear resistance of tool steel after implantation of carbon ions. Slant deuteron incidence and glancing proton detection enables the called nuclear reaction for carbon depth profiling within a 200 nm thick near surface layer structure. Carbon ion beam assisted deposition of carbon together with carbon/substrate ion beam mixing was observed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 353 (1995), S. 690-694 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Morphology and structure of amorphous carbon films deposited with a pulsed arc source (LASER-ARC) have been studied using microscopical methods (SEM, TEM and AFM), electron diffraction and spectroscopical investigation (EELS). The parameters of the arc source and the deposition conditions (substrate temperature) influence morphology and structure of deposited amorphous carbon films. Especially the incorporation and growth of particles, embedded in the film have been investigated. By particle analysis using an optical microscope a majority of particles that is smaller than 500 nm has been determined. The morphology has been also demonstrated similar by AFM and TEM images. Their number and size of particles is strongly influenced by the deposition temperature. The structure of amorphous film is characterized by the EELS-spectra, but the particle structure was not detectable.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 410 (1974), S. 32-38 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of a Triclinic Modification of Uranium PentachlorideFrom solution uranium pentachloride crystallizes at room temperature in a triclinic modification belonging to the space group P1. The unit cell contains one formula unit (UCl5)2 and has the dimensions a = 707, b = 965, c = 635 pm and α = 0.495 π, β = 0.652 π, γ = 0.603 π rad. The crystal structure was solved with the aid of X-ray diffraction data and was refined to a reliability index of R = 0.082. The structure consists of (UCl5)2 molecules having the point symmetry mmm in which the uranium atoms are linked with one another via two chlorine atoms. The crystal lattice can be derived from a hexagonal closest packing of chlorine atoms in which 1/5 of all octahedral holes are occupied by uranium atoms.
    Notes: Aus einer Lösung kristallisiert Uranpentachlorid bei Zimmer-temperature in einer triklinen Modifikation (Raumgruppe P1). Die Elementarzelle enthält eine Formeleinheit (UCl5)2 und hat die Maße a = 707, b = 965, c = 635 pm und α = 0,495 π, β = 0,652 π, γ = 0,603 π rad. Die Kristallstruktur wurde mit Hilfe von Röntgenbeugungsdaten aufgeklärt und bis zu einem Zuverlässigkeitsindex von R = 8,2% verfeinert. Die Struktur ist aus Molekülen (UCl5)2 mit der Punktsymmetrie mmm aufgebaut, in welchen die Uranatome über 2 Chloratome miteinander verbrückt sind. Die Gesamtstruktur läßt sich von einer hexagonal dichtesten Packung von Chloratomen ableiten, in welcher 1/5 aller Oktaederlücken durch Uranatome besetzt sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 418 (1975), S. 235-242 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vibrational Spectra and Force Constants of UCl6, UCl6-, and (UCl5)2The infrared and Raman spectra of the title compounds are reported and assigned. For the octahedral UCl6 and UCl6- a force constant calculation shows the U—Cl valency force constants to be 2.23 and 1.74 N. cm-1, respectively. For (UCl5)2 it was only possible to assign the valency vibrations of the terminal U—Cl groups which reasonable certainty; an estimation for their force constants leads to 2.0 N. cm-1.
    Notes: Die Infrarot- und Raman-Spektren der Titelverbindungen werden mit-geteilt und zugeordnet. Die Kraftkonstantenberechnung für die oktaedrischen Verbindungen UCl6 und UCl6- zeigt, daß deren U—Cl-Valenzkraftkonstante 2,23 bzw. 1,74 N. cm-1 beträgt. Beim (UCl5)2 konnten nur die Valenzschwingungsfrequenzen der terminalen U—Cl-Gruppen mit hinreichender Sicherheit zugeordnet werden; eine Abschätzung für ihre Kraftkonstante führt auf 2,0 N. cm-1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 410 (1974), S. 21-31 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: About the Chemistry of Uranium Hexachloride and Uranium Pentachloride AzideUCl6, for which an improved method of preparation is given, can be reduced with chloride ions to give hexachlorouranate(V) and with solvents containing hydrogen such as H2CCl2 to give uranium pentachloride. With chlorine azide the uranium chloride azides UCl5N3 and UCl4(N3)2 are formed, but they can only be obtained in low yields as a mixture because of their reactivity towards the solvent used. With H2CCl2 or 1.2-dichloroethane as solvent, NH4UCl6 is the main product; with CCl4 as solvent, the triazidocarbenium salt [C(N3)3]UCl6 is formed with high yield. Intermediates of the reaction path to these products could be identified by I. R. spectroscopy. The infrared spectra of UCl5N3 and UCl4(N3)2 are reported and data about the crystal structure of [C(N3)3]UCl6 are given.
    Notes: UCl6, für das eine verbesserte Darstellungsvorschrift angegeben wird, läßt sich mit Chloridionen zum Hexachlorouranat(V) und mit wasserstoffhaltigen Lösungsmitteln wie H2CCl2 zu Uranpentachlorid reduzieren. Mit Chlorazid bildet es die Uranchloridazide UCl5N3 und UCl4(N3)2, die sich jedoch nur in schlechter Ausbeute als Gemisch isolieren lassen, weil sie mit dem Lösungsmittel weiterreagieren. Ist das Lösungsmittel H2CCl2 oder 1,2-Dichloräthan, so entsteht dabei NH4UCl6 als Hauptprodukt; mit CCl4 als Lösungsmittel wird das Triazidocarbenium-Salz [C(N3)3]UCl6 in hoher Ausbeute erhalten. Der Reaktionsweg zu diesen Endprodukten verläuft über Zwischenstufen, die IR-spektroskopisch identifiziert werden konnten. Das Infrarotspektrum von UCl5N3 und UCl4(N3)2 wird mitgeteilt, außerdem werden Angaben zur Kristallstruktur von [C(N3)3]UCl6 gemacht.
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