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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human capital and measurable dynamic gains from economic integration: An application to the economic integration of North and South America (1996)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 21 (1996), S. 45-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Trade liberalization ; human capital ; economic integration ; foreign investment ; Latin America ; F15 ; O41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The paper looks at the source of dynamic gains to trade liberalization using a two-country model with both physical and human capital accumulation. The model is calibrated and used to examine the effect of the economic integration of Canada and the United States with Latin America. The analysis assumes that differences in productivity levels between regions are due entirely to differences in human and physical capital endowments. Key assumptions are that capital is internationally mobile and human capital formation is income constrained. The simulated impact of moving to a hemispheric free trade area is significant. The long-run impacts are also different from the short-run efficiency effect predicted by conventional static triangle-rectangle analysis. The long-runmultiplier effect on static output gains are on the order of 2.0 to 2.5 for the South—that is long-run output gains are 2.0 to 2.5 times predicted short-run static gains. In the case of the North, static predictions of gain are ambiguous in sign over the longer run; in some cases there are small dynamic gains-in others. small losses. Investment diversion toward Latin America is a prominent characteristic of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01205494
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic potency measurement for fire hazard analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Fire technology 28 (1992), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary This report is the principal product of a long-term research program to provide a technically sound methodology for obtaining and using smoke toxicity data for hazard analysis. It establishes: (a) an improved bench-scale toxic potency1 measurement, one which represents the important combustion conditions of real fires; and (b) a design and analysis framework which will allow the toxic potency data to be used in a rational, consistent, appropriate, and adequate way. This establishment of proper bench-scale test conditions, validation of the output against real-scale fire measurements, and development of a consistent framework for the inclusion of toxic potency in fire hazard2 analysis is unique and represents a successful, usable implementation of the state of the art. This method focuses on post-flashover fires. The U.S. fire statistics show that 69% of all fire deaths are associated with post-flashover fires, with the preponderance of deaths due to smoke inhalation and occurring outside the room of fire origin. These fires are characterized by: • primarily radiant heating, with heat fluxes from about 20 to 150 kW/m2 throughout the room; • many items simultaneously on fire; and • vitiated combustion air for some, but not all, burning items.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01857942
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impacts of hydroelectric development on riparian vegetation in the Sierra Nevada region, California, USA (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental management 11 (1987), S. 519-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Hydroelectric development ; Sierra Nevada ; Riparian vegetation ; Impact assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Fourteen streams in the Sierra Nevada in the USA were sampled to determine whether diversions of streamflow for hydroelectric development had caused significant changes in riparian vegetation. Several streams showed significant differences in vegetation cover, community composition, or community structure between pairs of diverted and undiverted reaches. On some streams, environmental conditions rather than streamflow diversions may have been responsible for vegetation differences. Streams in the Sierra Nevada respond individualistically to diversions. Prediction of vegetation responses must take into consideration environmental characteristics of specific stream reaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867659
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associations between stream valley geomorphology and riparian vegetation as a basis for landscape analysis in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, USA (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Eastern Sierra Nevada ; Riparian vegetation ; Landscape ecology ; Geomorphology ; Two-way indicator species analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ten streams in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, were classified into six geomorphic valley types and sampled to determine environmental and riparian vegetation conditions. The geomorphic valley types were relatively uniform geologically and hydrologically, collectively representing the range of stream environments in the region. There were significant associations between the geomorphic valley types and riparian community composition. These geomorphic-vegetation units are landscape elements which comprise the riparian ecosystems in the region. They differ in their ecological charactersitics and sensitivity to management. The system of landscape elements can be used to classify streams for the purposes of resource inventory, detailed ecological studies, and impact prediction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defining Reference Conditions for Restoration of Riparian Plant Communities: Examples from California, USA (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental management 24 (1999), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Riparian vegetation; Watershed planning; Riparian restoration; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spiroacetals and Other Venom Constituents as Potential Wasp Attractants (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 553-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Wasps ; Vespula vulgaris ; Vespula germanica ; venom ; attractants ; spiroacetals ; electroantennogram ; olfactory bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major volatile spiroacetals from the venom of both the common wasp, Vespula vulgaris and the German wasp V. germanica, viz. 7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane and 7-ethyl-2-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro-[4,5]decane, respectively, were synthesized by known methods. These acetals, along with N-isopentylacetamide (the major volatile amide from wasp venom), 2-heptanone (a honeybee pheromone), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (a component of hornet venom), cuticle wax from V. vulgaris, and venom sacs from both wasp species were assayed by EAG and olfactory bioassay for attractancy to V. vulgaris workers. Antennal responses to all test chemicals were recorded. Acetal isomers (±)-2 and (±)-3, N-isopentylacetamide, and 2-heptanone were attractive to V. vulgaris workers at levels of 〈1 μmol. Greater quantities of the same compounds were repellent to V. vulgaris workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006396.55680.b6
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heteronuclear Overhauser effects in carbohydrates (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of biomolecular NMR 11 (1998), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: heteronuclear NMR ; heteronuclear NOE ; lactose ; oligosaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical full-relaxation matrix analysis of heteronuclear Overhauser effects in oligosaccharides is described. This analysis predicts that trans-glycosidic heteronuclear 1H{13C} NOEs should be measurable in a model disaccharide with appropriate enrichment with 13C and 2H. These predictions are confirmed experimentally, and the value of these measurements is discussed for conformational analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008216712371
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Where Credit Is Due: Residential Mortgage Finance in Canada, 1901 to 1954 (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of real estate finance and economics 16 (1998), S. 223-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-045X
    Keywords: mortgage finance ; home ownership ; Canada ; Hamilton (Ont.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The experience of Canada in the first half of this century indicates that the importance of institutional mortgage lending for the growth of homeownership can be overstated. Home ownership rates in Canada and the United States were similar, but many fewer Canadians than Americans relied on lending institutions. Fewer incurred debt of any sort. A case study of Hamilton, Ontario, based on land titles records indicates that this was especially true during the interwar years. No Canadians lived in large metropolitan areas, where mortgage debt was most prevalent, while many built in stages as their finances allowed. Moreover, even in the early 1950s, half of all residential mortgage debt in Canada was held by private individuals, with brokers playing an important role. Despite the importance of the personal sector, above all in the markets for older homes and junior mortgages, the Canadian government made no effort to improve the way in which it operated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007712002879
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  • 9
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    Viscoelastic embedment behaviour of dowels and screws in timber under in-service vibration (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-29
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    An analytical model for embedment stiffness of a dowel in timber under cyclic load (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-24
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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