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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordering Constraints over Feature Trees (2000)
    Springer
    Constraints 5 (2000), S. 7-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9354
    Keywords: feature constraints ; tree orderings ; weak subsumption ; satisfiability ; entailment ; complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Feature trees are the formal basis for algorithms manipulating record like structures in constraint programming, computational linguistics and in concrete applications like software configuration management. Feature trees model records, and constraints over feature trees yield extensible and modular record descriptions. We introduce the constraint system FT≤ of ordering constraints interpreted over feature trees. Under the view that feature trees represent symbolic information, the relation ≤ corresponds to the information ordering (“carries less information than”). We present two algorithms in cubic time, one for the satisfiability problem and one for the entailment problem of FT≤. We show that FT≤ has the independence property. We are thus able to handle negative conjuncts via entailment and obtain a cubic algorithm that decides the satisfiability of conjunctions of positive and negated ordering constraints over feature trees. Furthermore, we reduce the satisfiability problem of Dörre's weak subsumption constraints to the satisfiability problem of FT≤ and improve the complexity bound for solving weak subsumption constraints from O(n5) to O(n3) .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009866317252
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural constraints for extended superspace (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 31 (1986), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple systematic method to derive superspace constraints is presented. Constraints are given for extended supergravity with one- and two-form gauge potentials in four space-time dimensions. The natural constraints lead to equations of motion forN〉4 (supergravity), resp.N〉2 (gauge potentials). We discuss modifications for higherN. We also discuss modifications of the field strength of the two-form potential to include Chern-Simons three-forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01479544
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualisation of single heavy atoms with the electron microscope (1971)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602786
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnesium selective electrodes for blood serum studies and water hardness measurement (1988)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 96 (1988), S. 283-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: magnesium selective electrode ; water hardness ; blood serum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Magnesium selective ionophores are described which induce a rejection of Na+ and K+ in solvent polymeric membranes by factors of up to 6300 and 5000, respectively. Depending on the membrane composition, ion selective electrodes may be obtained with equal selectivity for Mg2+ and Ca2+ as well as sensors with a discrimination of Ca2+ by a factor up to 8. Sensors of the type described are candidates for water hardness determination as well as for an Mg2+ assay in blood by chemometric procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of CD44s and CD4v10 proteins and syndecan in normal and irradiated mouse epidermis (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 107 (1997), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The role of the CD44s adhesion molecule, its epithelial isoforms and its relationship to epidermal proteoglycans such as syndecan was studied in normal and irradiated mouse skin. In normal mouse skin, only 10% of basal cells are strongly CD44s-immunopositive, with a cytoplasmic expression pattern. Double-label experiments with the basal cell marker keratin 14 confirmed the epithelial nature of the strongly CD44s-positive cell type in the basal layer. Some spinous keratinocytes and the majority of the remaining basal cells exhibited a weak membranous staining pattern. In contrast, the epithelial isoform, CD44v10, was strongly present in all basal and suprabasal epithelial cells of the epidermis, with a membranous staining pattern. Syndecan was found in the granular layer of the normal epidermis only. After 1 week of daily irradiation, the entire basal cell layer of the epidermis expressed CD44s in the membrane, but with a varying degree of staining intensity. This reactivity spread to the upper spinous layer after 3 weeks of treatment. In hyperproliferative epidermis, there was no difference in the staining patterns between CD44s and CD44v10. The expression of syndecan switched from the granular layer to the basal and lower spinous layers after 2 weeks of daily irradiation. Immunoreactivity for syndecan was also strongly enhanced in the dermis of irradiated samples. The results suggest an important role for syndecan and CD44 in proliferative processes during radiation-induced accelerated repopulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050100
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immuno- and lectin histochemistry of epithelial subtypes and their changes in a radiation-induced lung fibrosis model of the mini pig (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 367-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell types of lung epithelia of mini pigs have been studied using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against cytokeratins (CKs) and vimentin and three lectins before and after radiation-induced fibrosis. In normal tissues, CK18 specific antibodies reacted above all with type II alveolar epithelial cells, while CK7 and pan CK-specific antibodies stained the whole alveolar epithelium. In bronchial epithelial cells, CKs 7, 8, 18 and focally CKs 4 and 13 as well as vimentin were found. Cell specificity of the CK pattern was confirmed by double label immunofluorescence using type II cell-specific Maclura pomifera (MPA) lectin, type I cell specific Lycopersicon esculentum (LEA) lectin and capillary endothelium-binding Dolichos biflorus (DBA) lectin. In experimental pulmonary fibrosis, enhanced coexpression of CK and vimentin was observed in bronchial epithelium. Subtypes of alveolar epithelial cells were no longer easily distinguishable. CK18 was found to be expressed in the entire alveolar epithelium. The gradual loss of the normal alveolar epithelial marker, as seen by the binding of MPA to type I-like cells, of LEA to type II-like cells and the partial loss of MPA-binding to type II cells, was paralleled by the appearance of CK4, typical for squamous epithelia, and the occurrence of DBA-binding in epithelial cells. Implications of these results for general concepts of intermediate filament protein expression and lectin binding in the fibrotic process are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268935
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upregulation of gap junction protein connexin43 in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The degree of immunoreactive connexin43 (Cx43) in rat lung was evaluated during the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat by a double immunofluorescence technique using polyclonal antisera to Cx43 and monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins on cryostat sections. In normal rat lungs, Cx43 was detected in pneumocytes type II and I, in large blood vessel endothelia, in peribronchial smooth muscle cells, and in some peribronchial and perivascular interstitial cells. As early as 1 week after irradiation, enhanced immunoreactivity for Cx43 in the epithelial cells was detected. In severely injured lungs (about 3 months after irradiation), Cx43 was found also in the cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes. These findings were confirmed by western blot data. Western blot analysis also revealed increased phosphorylation of Cx43. It remains to be investigated whether the increased content of Cx43 in irradiated rat lung may be due to an enhanced number of gap junctions between type I and II alveolar epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050059
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alveolar epithelial type II cell apoptosis in vivo during resolution of keratinocyte growth factor-induced hyperplasia in the rat (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 114 (2000), S. 49-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Keywords: Keratinocyte growth factor Alveolar epithelium Type II cell Hyperplasia Apoptosis Fas Fas ligand Bax Bcl-2 Caspase-3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induces rapid and transient hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial type II cells. We sought to determine components of the apoptotic process involved in the resolution of this hyperplasia and the fate of the apoptotic cells. Rats received intrabronchial instillation of 5 mg KGF/kg body weight or diluent. Lungs were fixed 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days later. Apoptosis was identified by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), double-labeling for TUNEL and the type II cell marker MNF116, and electron microscopy. Fas, FasL, Bax, Bcl-2, and pro- and active caspase-3 were studied by immunohistochemistry. Changes were quantified by stereology. Cell type specificity was investigated by immunofluorescence double staining. Type II cells exhibited Fas, FasL, Bcl-2, and procaspase-3 irrespective of treatment and time. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed Fas at the apical type II cell membrane. Bax staining was prominent in controls (45–95% of type II cell surface fraction), markedly decreased during hyperplasia at days 2 (20–40%) and 3 (0–10%), and reappeared at day 7 (25–45%) when apoptosis was prominent. Remnants of apoptotic type II cells were incorporated in membrane-bound vacuoles of type II cell neighbors as well as alveolar macrophages. The results indicate that type II cells can enter the Fas/FasL/caspase-3 pathway regulated by Bax and Bcl-2. High Bcl-2:Bax levels favor type II cell survival and a low rate of apoptosis during hyperplasia. Low Bcl-2:Bax levels favor type II cell apoptosis during resolution. Because of time-dependent changes that occur within a short time, the KGF-treated rat lung provides a useful in vivo model to investigate apoptosis in the context of tissue remodeling and repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180000157
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upregulation of gap junction protein connexin43 in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The degree of immunoreactive connexin43 (Cx43) in rat lung was evaluated during the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat by a double immunofluorescence technique using polyclonal antisera of Cx43 and monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins on cryostat sections. In normal rat lungs, Cx43 was detected in pneumocytes type II and I, in large blood vessel endothelia, in peribronchial smooth muscle cells, and in some peribronchial and perivascular interstitial cells. As early as 1 week after irradiation, enhanced immunoreactivity for Cx43 in the epithelial cells was detected. In severely injured lungs (about 3 months after irradiation), Cx43 was found also in the cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes. These findings were confirmed by western blot data. Western blot analysis also revealed increased phosphorylation of Cx43. It remains to be investigated whether the increased content of Cx43 in irradiated rat lung may be due to an enhanced number of gap junction between type I and II alveolar epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473301
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The proteins encoded by two tapetum-specific transcripts,Satap35 andSatap44, fromSinapis alba L. are localized in the exine cell wall layer of developing microspores (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Exine ; Flower-specific cDNAs ; Maltose-binding protein fusions ; Peritapetal membrane ; Pro-Ubisch bodies ; Signal sequence ; Sinapis ; Tapetum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By differential screening of a copy DNA (cDNA) library from floweringSinapis alba L. apices against cDNAs from vegetative apices, two cDNA clones were isolated representing transcripts that are expressed transiently at an early stage of tapetum development. TheSatap35 cDNA encodes a polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 12.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 10.4. TheSatap44 cDNA codes for a putative 12.4-kDa polypeptide with an isoelectric point of 7.5. The deduced amino-acid sequences display 76% sequence identity and contain an N-terminal stretch of hydrophobic amino acids which has characteristics of secretory signal sequences. In-vitro transcription of the cDNAs and translation of the resulting RNAs in the presence of canine pancreatic microsomes demonstrates that the two proteins are translocated into the microsomes and that the putative preproteins are proteolytically processed to the mature forms. By immunoelectron microscopy theSaTAP35 andSaTAP44 proteins were detected at the developing peritapetal membrane between the tapetal cytoplasm and the adjacent middle layer of the anther wall. Furthermore, labelling was observed within the locule in association with globules resembling pro-Ubisch bodies which appeared at the tetrad stage. During the early vacuolate stage of microspore development the young exine was strongly labelled. The exine and the peritapetal membrane both are composed of sporopollenin, and the pro-Ubisch bodies are thought to contain sporopollenin precursors. Thus,SaTAP35 andSaTAP44 might be involved in sporopollenin formation and/or deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01089038
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