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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel hemoglobin components and their amino acid sequences from the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 28 (1988), S. 136-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: α globin ; Crab-eating macaque ; Amino acid sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We found two types of hemoglobin, T and R, from the crab-eating macaque and compared those to A and Q previously reported. The 22 animals studied showed six different phenotypes, A, R, QA, QT, QAT, and QAR. Analysis of the complete amino acid sequences for the α chains of hemoglobins Q, A, T, and R revealed that amino acids at four positions, 8, 55, 71, and 78 from the N-terminal, are variable. In the αA chain, Thr, Val, Gly, and Gln occupy these positions, and in the αQ chain the analogous amino acids are Thr, Val, Asp, and Gln, respectively. In the newly found αT chain they are Thr, Val, Gly, and His; and in the αR chain, they are Ser, Ile, Gly, and His, respectively. Two amino acids (α8 Thr and α79 Gln) in αA of the crab-eating macaque were found to be different from those in the α chain of the Japanese macaque.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic microsatellite DNA amplification customized for chimpanzee paternity testing (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Pan troglodytes ; DNA typing ; Chimpanzee ; Paternity test ; Dinucleotide repeats ; GT/AC repeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA segments containing GT/AC dinucleotide repeats in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) genome were screened. Thirteen transformedE. coli colonies were identified with the (GT)10 probe to have chimpanzee DNA fragments containing (GT)n repeats. These potentially polymorphic (variable n) DNA segments were sequenced. Primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying these DNA segments were designed. Six pairs of primers yielded polymorphic PCR products. Three of them revealed considerable length polymorphisms and heterozygosities in a group of captive chimpanzees. For studies on chimpanzees in the wild and in captivity, these primers should be useful for paternity testing, for investigating genetic variations, and for improving the genetic maintenance of breeding colonies. The strategy adopted in the present study to obtain PCR primers amplifying polymorphic microsatellite DNA segments may well be applicable to almost all eukaryotic organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381277
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hb Izu (Macaca)β83 (EF 7) Gly→Cys: The major hemoglobin of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in a troop at Shimokita, the northernmost limit of its habitat (1985)
    Springer
    Primates 26 (1985), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Variant hemoglobin ; Macaca fuscata ; Hb Izu (Macaca) ; Primates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A hemoglobin variant was discovered in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) of the Wakinosawa A-1 troop of the Shimokita peninsula, the northernmost limit of this species' habitat. The variant was characterized by slow migration on starch gel electrophoresis due to its polymerizing nature. Structural analysis revealed that Gly at the 83rd amino acid residue of theβ chain was substituted by Cys, and the variant was identified as Hb Izu (Macaca). The gene frequency of the variant was extremely high, at 85.7%, and much higher than the 21.3% obtained for the troops of the Izu peninsula. The genotypic frequencies in the troops of both the Izu and Shimokita peninsulas agreed with expectations as calculated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382461
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paternity discrimination in a Japanese macaque group by DNA fingerprinting (1990)
    Springer
    Primates 31 (1990), S. 563-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Paternity discrimination ; Japanese macques ; Minisatellite DNA ; Social rank ; Inbreeding avoidance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recently developed DNA fingerprinting techniques employing “minisatellite” hypervariable regions of DNA proved useful for investigating male reproductive success in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), for which other conventional behavioral or biochemical methods were impracticable. The identified paternity in a captive group indicated that inbreeding was avoided within the same maternal lineage and that females did not tend to give birth to offspring fathered by the same males during their life. It also revealed the possibility of a correlation between male dominance rank and number of offspring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382539
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High frequency of triplicatedα-globin genes in tropical primates, crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Chimpanzee ; Orang-utan ; Crab-eating macaque ; Rhesus macaque ; Japanese macaque ; α-globin gene numbers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chimpanzees and orang-utans had triplicatedα-globin gene haplotypes in the frequency of 0.80 and 0.20, respectively. Homozygous duplicated haplotypes could not be found in any of the 44 chimpanzees examined. Chimpanzees having homozygous triplicated haplotypes have greater numbers of red blood cells than those chimpanzees heterozygous for the duplicate and triplicate haplotype. Crab-eating macaques in Malayan peninsula of Thailand had triplicated haplotypes occurring in frequencies ranging from 0.13 to 0.50. On the other hand, triplicated haplotypes occurred in very low frequencies (0–0.07) in crab-eating macaques in the northern and eastern part of Thailand as well as in rhesus macaques from India and China, and in Japanese macaques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381280
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental changes of plasma alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus in relation to the growth of bones in the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) (1988)
    Springer
    Primates 29 (1988), S. 395-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: ALP ; Ca ; P ; Development ; Japanese macaque
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, and inorganic phosphorus in the Japanese macaque were measured during its growing period. The plasma ALP level within two days after birth was 818±186 IU/1, and the level showed a temporary peak at about 2 months of age (2747±763 IU/1). The ALP level formed a plateau from 1 to 3 years of age, then decreased again and reached finally an adult level (211±71 IU/1). Sex differences were observed twice during the animal's lifetime, from 6 to 9 months of age and from 3 to 7 years of age. On integration of this complicated curve, a correlation was observed with the development of the length of the bones. The plasma levels of calcium and inorganic phosphorus which were high within two days after birth, reached adult levels at 3 months and 5 years of age, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380962
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alloparental care in the marine sculpinAlcichthys alcicornis (Pisces: Cottidae): Copulating in conjunction with paternal care (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of ethology 12 (1994), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-5444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The elkhorn sculpinAlcichthys alcicornis spawns and subsequently copulates, and the eggs are then cared for by the male. DNA fingerprinting was used to determine the paternity of males for the clutches guarded by them. When a female was mated with 4 males in succession in aquaria, males did not fertilize the eggs spawned just before copulation unless the female was unimpregnated but fathered the eggs spawned by the female later. In the field, near the end of the breeding season, males were genetically unrelated to the clutches in their territories. We concluded that males guard non-kin eggs for the opportunity to copulate and to fertilize the future clutches of their mates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02350056
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal changes in the blood of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata): I. Immunoglobulins Ig G, Ig M and Ig A (1982)
    Springer
    Primates 23 (1982), S. 298-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The levels of immunoglobulin Ig G, Ig M and Ig A in the plasma of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) from birth to 180 days of age were examined. The level of Ig G reached a minimum at 50 to 80 days of age, when the neonates weighed 600–800 g. Anti streptolysin O antibody decreased from birth with age and was not detected from day 80 to 150. The level of Ig M showed a temporary peak at 20–30 days of age and increased again from 60–80 days. The concentration of Ig A increased gradually to reach 20% of the adult level at day 180.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381168
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hb bali (Macaca) β80 (EF 4) Asn→Lys: The first hemoglobin variant found in the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) on Bali Island, Indonesia (1985)
    Springer
    Primates 26 (1985), S. 464-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Variant hemoglobin ; Macaca fascicularis ; Hb Bali (Macaca) ; Primates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A variant hemoglobin due to structural change in the β chain was found in the central part of Bali island, Indonesia, during field studies on the genetic variation of the Indonesian crabeating monkey (Macaca fascicularis), and was named Hb Bali (Macaca). Structural analysis yielded the following results. (1) The amino acid sequence of the normal β chain of the crab-eating monkey coincided with that of the Japanese monkey (M. fuscata) and the pig-tailed monkey (M. nemestrina). (2) Asn at the 80th position from the amino terminal of the β chain was substituted by Lys in Hb Bali. This substitution appeared to have little harmful effect on the carrier, since the hematological characteristics of the heterozygous carriers were not different from those of normal individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382460
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and evolution of the sulawesi macaques 1. Electrophoretic analysis of hemoglobins (1987)
    Springer
    Primates 28 (1987), S. 87-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Sulawesi macaque ; Celebes macaque ; Macaque ; Macaca ; Hemoglobin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The monkeys on the island of Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia, comprise seven species ofMacaca, that isM. maura, M. tonkeana, M. hecki, M. nigrescens, M. nigra, M. ochreata, andM. brunnescens. Hemoglobins from 248 individuals of these seven species were analyzed by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEFE) and by starch gel electrophoresis in the presence of urea (USGE). Eighteen phenotypes consisting of eight molecular types were identified by IEFE analysis. The speciestonkeana inhabiting the central part of the island revealed 11 phenotypes, while peripheral species such asnigrescens andbrunnescens carried only 3 and 2 phenotypes, respectively. On USGE, three α chains and three β chains were identified and named α1, α2, and α6, and β1, β3, and β5, respectively. The α1 chain has the same mobility as the α chains of other macaques, while the α2 chain is less positively charged than α1, and α6 is the least positive among these α chains. The α2 chain is widely distributed in the Sulawesi macaques as the major component. Four species,ochreata, tonkeana, maura, andnigrescens, carried the α1 and α6 chains as minor components. The electrophoretic mobility of β1 was the same as that of other macaques, while β3 and β5 were more positively charged and less positively charged than β1, respectively. All of the Sulawesi species had β3 in high or low gene frequencies and inmaura, tonkeana, andbrunnescens, this type was most abundant. β5 chain existed in the species of the northern peninsula, as the major type. The subordinate type was β3 innigra andnigrescens and β1 inhecki. On the other hand, β1 was most frequently observed inochreata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382186
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