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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-03-28
    Description: Fish have a complex self-defense mechanism against microbial invasion. Recently, l -lysine α-oxidases have been identified from a number of fish species as a novel type of antibacterial protein in the integument. These enzymes exhibit strict substrate specificity for l -lysine, but the underlying mechanisms and details of their catalytic properties remain unknown. In this study, a synthetic gene coding for Scomber japonicus l -lysine α-oxidase, originally termed AIP (for apoptosis-inducing protein), was expressed in Pichia pastoris , and the recombinant enzyme (rAIP) was purified and characterized. rAIP exhibited essentially the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme, catalyzing the oxidative deamination of l -lysine as an exclusive substrate. rAIP was N -glycosylated and remained active over a wide range of pH, with an optimal pH of 7.5. The enzyme was stable in the pH range from 4.5 to 10.0 and was thermally stable up to 60°C. A molecular modelling of rAIP and a comparative structure/sequence analysis with homologous enzymes indicate that Asp 220 and Asp 320 are the substrate-binding residues that are likely to confer exclusive substrate specificity for l -lysine on the fish enzymes.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: Glioblastoma is characterized by marked invasiveness, but little is known about the mechanism of invasion in glioblastoma cells. Wnts are secreted ligands that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and fate at various developmental stages. In adults, misregulation of the Wnt pathway is associated with several diseases. Recently, we reported that Wnt-5a was overexpressed and correlated with cell motility and infiltrative activity through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in glioma-derived cells. Although several receptors for Wnt-5a were identified, the receptors of Wnt-5a that mediate cellular responses of glioma were not clearly identified. Knockdown of receptor-like tyrosine kinase (Ryk) but not that of Ror2 suppressed the activity of MMP-2 and Wnt-5a-dependent invasive activity in glioma cells. These results suggest that Ryk is important for the Wnt-5a-dependent induction of MMP-2 and invasive activity in glioma-derived cells and that Ryk might have a novel patho-physiological function in adult cancer invasion. Furthermore, not only the expression of Wnt-5a but also that of Frizzled (Fz)-2 and Ryk was correlated with the WHO histological grade in 38 human glioma tissues. Taking these findings together, Fz-2 and Ryk could be therapeutic or pharmacological target molecules for the control of Wnt-5a-dependent invasion of human glioma in the near future.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 32 (1975), S. 389-395 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 1,427 juvenile Aplysia kurodai were tagged and released during spring tides in January and February, 1973, on the rocky shore of Nabeta Bay, Japan. Recapture, weighing and release were repeated within a defined observation area during 10 spring tides from late January to early June. Recapture rates decreased with time and became significantly low after the end of the spawning season (March and April in this area). Of 1,427 individuals released, 550 (ca. 39%) were never recaptured. Only 68 individuals (ca. 5%) were recaptured 5 to 10 times during the observation period. The growth curves of these 68 individuals displayed a common growth pattern of body weight increasing almost linearly, attaining a maximum during the spawning season and then decreasing gradually. The maximum weight varied fairly widely from one individual to another. Laboratory measurements indicated a growth pattern similar to that observed in the field, and a fairly remarkable daily fluctuation in body weight was observed under laboratory conditions. The described tagging-recapture method, with slight modifications, should prove useful for future studies on the life history and ecology of A. kurodai.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 1344-1345 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kyotorphin (L-Tyr-L-Arg), an analgesic dipeptide isolated from the bovine brain, and its analogue, L-Tyr-D-Arg (D-kyotorphin), have a naloxone-reversible analgesic effect. Both peptides (10−5 M) induced an approximately 4-fold increase of the basal release of Met-enkephalin from striatal slices. Therefore they may produce their analgesic effects through release of Met-enkephalin. The stronger in vivo effect of D-kyotorphin may be explained by its resistance to degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Silkworm ; Bombyx mori ; silk gland ; mRNA ; complementary DNA ; fibroin light chain ; molecular cloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibroin light chain (L-chain) mRNA (mol. wt 4.0×105 daltons) was purified from the posterior silk gland of the silkworm,Bombyx mori (J-131 strain). Double-stranded complementary DNA was synthesized and inserted into the PstI site of pBR322 employing the oligo(dC)-oligo(dG) tailing method. Several recombinant plasmids containing the inserts of about 800 base pairs were isolated. Hybridization-translation assay demonstrated that these clones hybridized specifically with the fibroin L-chain mRNA. One of these clones (pLA23) was used as a probe to investigate relative concentrations of the fibroin L-chain gene and mRNA in the posterior silk glands at different stages of late larval development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 298-300 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Carnosine ; neurotransmitter ; olfactory bulb ; primary olfactory neuron ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique, carnosine-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated to localize specifically within the primary olfactory neuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  It is known that the retina contains the protein dystrophin in the ribbon synapse, but the ultrastructural analysis is not yet fully elucidated. Our previous study reported that dystrophin is localized under the rod cell membranes in rat retinas. In the present study, we have investigated the relationship between dystrophin-rich regions of rod cell membranes and other neuronal processes in mouse retinas with a monoclonal antibody raised against the human dystrophin C-terminus. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence stainings, and immunoelectron microscopy were employed. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that mouse retinas possessed some of the dystrophin isoforms of approximately 260 kDa, 140 kDa, and 70 kDa molecular weight. Confocal images showed a punctate appearance in the outer plexiform layer, as previously described. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that dystrophin immunoreactive products were always observed at submembranous dense regions of the rod spherule abutting bipolar processes. These results suggest that retinal dystrophin may be closely involved in signal transmission from rods to bipolar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A novel ”in vivo cryotechnique” with replica immunoelectron microscopy was developed for detecting caveolin localization on replica membranes prepared directly from living smooth muscle cells. After quick-freezing mouse duodenal walls by our ”in vivo cryotechnique”, the specimens were prepared for freeze-fracture and deep-etch replica membranes. Then they were treated with 5% SDS and 0.5% collagenase to keep some antigens on the replica membranes. The immunogold method could be used to clarify the localization of the caveolin antigen in relation to three-dimensional ultrastructures of living smooth muscle cells. Our new cryotechnique can provide native organization of functional molecules in living cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities; plasma waves and instabilities; wave-particle interactions).
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation of upper hybrid waves associated with the ionospheric heating experiments is assumed to be essential in explaining some of the features of stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE). A direct conversion process is proposed as an excitation mechanism of the upper hybrid waves where the energy of an obliquely propagating electromagnetic pump wave is converted into the electrostatic upper hybrid waves due to small-scale density irregularities. We performed electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the energy conversion process in the ionospheric heating experiments. We studied dependence of the amplitude of the excited wave on the propagation angle of the pump wave, scale length of the density irregularity, degree of the irregularity, and thermal velocity of the plasma. The maximum amplitude is found to be 37% of the pump amplitude under an optimum condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have developed an efficient system for obtaining myeloma mutants defective intrans-acting factors required for immunoglobulin (Ig) gene expression. The system consists of a myeloma cell line designed for this purpose and an efficient method for selecting mutants from it. The cell line is X63.653 transfected with the μ gene, whose tailpiece sequence was replaced with the transmembrane sequence of human EGF receptor to hold μ on the cell surface and whose CH1 sequence was removed to prevent μ from being retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. It efficiently and stably expressed μ chains of IgM on the cell surface (μ m + ) without light chains. To obtain mutants lacking μm (μ m − ) from the μ m + cell line by selectively killing μ m + cells, a method with ricin A-conjugated anti-μ antibody was more reliable than complement lysis mediated by anti-μ antibody. Applying the system, we obtained a variety of μ m − mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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