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  • Articles  (6)
  • Escherichia coli  (5)
  • nitrogen
  • Springer  (6)
  • Oxford University Press
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pure and Binary Gas Adsorption Equilibria and Kinetics of Methane and Nitrogen on 4A Zeolite by Isotope Exchange Technique (1999)
    Springer
    Adsorption 5 (1999), S. 145-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: kinetics ; isotope-exchange ; nitrogen ; adsorption ; methane ; zeolite ; equilibria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The Isotope Exchange Technique (IET) was used to simultaneously measure pure and binary gas adsorption equilibria and kinetics (self-diffusivities) of CH4 and N2 on pelletized 4A zeolite. The experiment was carried out isothermally without disturbing the adsorbed phase. CH4 was selectively adsorbed over N2 by the zeolite because of its higher polarizability. The multi-site Langmuir model described the pure gas and binary adsorption equilibria fairly well at three different temperatures. The selectivity of adsorption of CH4 over N2 increased with increasing pressure at constant gas phase composition and temperature. This curious behavior was caused by the differences in the sizes of the adsorbates. The diffusion of CH4 and N2 into the zeolite was an activated process and the Fickian diffusion model described the uptake of both pure gases and their mixtures. The self-diffusivity of N2 was an order of magnitude larger than that for CH4. The pure gas self-diffusivities for both components were constants over a large range of surface coverages (0 〈 θ 〈 0.5). The self-diffusivities of CH4 and N2 from their binary mixtures were not affected by the presence of each other, compared to their pure gas self-diffusivities at identical surface coverages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008917308002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracing the interaction of bacteriophage with bacterial biofilms using fluorescent and chromogenic probes (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: biofilms ; bacteriophages T4 and E79 ; Escherichia coli ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; SCLM ; fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Phages T4 and E79 were fluorescently-labeled with rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC), fluoroscein isothiccyanate (FITC), and by the addition of 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to phage-infected host cells ofEscherichia coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparisons of electron micrographs with scanning confocal laser microscope (SCLM) images indicated that single RITC-labeled phage particles could be visualized. Biofilms of each bacterium were infected by labeled phage. SCLM and epifluorescence microscopy were used to observe adsorption of phage to single-layer surface-attached bacteria and thicker biofilms. The spread of the recombinant T4 phage, YZA1 (containing an rll-LacZ fusion), within alac E. coli biofilm could be detected in the presence of chromogenic and fluorogenic homologs of galactose. Infected cells exhibited blue pigmentation and fluorescence from the cleavage products produced by the phage-encoded β-galactosidase activity. Fluorescent antibodies were used to detect nonlabeled progeny phage. Phage T4 infected both surface-attached and surface-associatedE. coli while phage E79 adsorbed toP. aeruginosa cells on the surface of the biofilm, but access to cells deep in biofilms was somewhat restricted. Temperature and nutrient concentration did not affect susceptibility to phage infection, but lower temperature and low nutrients extended the time-to-lysis and slowed the spread of infection within the biofilm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ecology and evolution of bacteriocins (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1996), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: bacteriocins ; colicins ; evolution ; ecology ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this review we focus on the ecological and evolutionary forces that determine the frequency and diversity of colicins inEscherichia coli. To begin, we describe that this killing phenotype is ubiquitous inE. coli, with as many as 50% of the isolates from a population producing colicin toxins, and that each population sampled has its own unique distribution of the more than 20 known colicin types. Next, we explore the dynamics of colicinogeny, which exhibits a typical form of frequency dependence, where the likelihood of successful colicin invasion into a population increases as the initial density of colicinogenic cells increases. We then incorporate thoughts on the evolution of chromosomal resistance to colicins and describe how resistance might influence the dynamics of colicinogen invasion and maintenance and the resulting colicin diversity. The final section deals with a genetic and phylogenetic characterization of colicins and a discussion of the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for generating colicin diversity. In this final section we provide details of the different molecular mechanisms known to play a role in generating colicin diversity, including the two most dominant forces in colincin evolution: recombination and positive, deversifying, selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574688
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of organic nitrogen and glucose on the production of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor in high cell densityEscherichia coli fermentations (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1987), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor ; Escherichia coli ; Fermentation ; Production ; Somatomedin C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Two kinds of fed batch fermentation processes were compared at a 10-liter scale to examine their effect on recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) gene expression inEscherichia coli. The difference between the two processes was the feed medium composition and whether the process used a single or dual feed during the course of the fermentation. In the dual feed system, organic nitrogen was delivered at a higher rate (50 g/h) than in the single feed system (5 g/h). The dual feed process resulted in a significant increase in IGF-1 yield. 30 mg IGF-1/g dry cell weight was synthesized in the dual feed system compared to 3 mg IGF-1/g dry cell weight obtained in the single feed system. The presence of high levels of organic nitrogen during the induction period may enhance IGF-1 synthesis by protecting the IGF-1 from proteolytic degradation. The IGF-1 yield decreased to 17 mg/g dry cell weight when the glucose supply was decreased from 17 g/h to 8 g/h during the induction period; however, an increase in glucose supply from 17 g/h to 50 g/h during the induction period did not enhance the IGF-1 synthesis. Thus, the enhancement of IGF-1 gene expression in the dual feed process was mainly dependent on a high level of organic nitrogen and an appropriate level of glucose in the medium during the induction period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569426
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of Brazilian wild type and enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli by chlorine (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1996), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; hypochlorites ; chlorine ; inactivation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetic inactivation parameters of four wild strains and two enterotoxigenic strains ofEscherichia coli exposed to commercial calcium hypochlorite were determined. The four wild strains (1A, 3C, 4D and 8H) were isolated from lettuce bought in São Paulo (Brazil), and the two enterotoxigenic strains (TR69 and TR101) were originally isolated from human patients. Decimal reduction time ‘D’, for 10 mg L−1 available chlorine at pH 6.8, varied between 71.4 s for the wild strain 4D and 31.3 s for the toxigenic strain. The ‘D’ values obtained for wild strain 1A exposed to 5.0 mg L−1 available chlorine at pH 6.8 varied between 111.1 s and 41.7 s. The ‘D’ values obtained forE. coli strain TR69 exposed to 10 mg L−1 available chlorine varied from 15.2 s at pH 5.4 up to 83.3 s at pH 8.2. The use of the most resistant wild strain ofE. coli as a biological standard assures maximal effectiveness in controlling water contamination by chlorination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569922
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retarded growth of an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in spermidine synthase can be unspecifically repaired by addition of various polyamines (1998)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1998), S. 857-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; diamines ; homospermidine synthase ; polyamines ; spermidine deficiency ; spermidine synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The Escherichia coli mutant speE deficient in the gene encoding for spermidine synthase has no absolute requirement for spermidine but shows a retarded growth rate. This growth retardation could be unspecifically restored to the respective wild type level by exogenously supplied polyamines such as spermidine, spermine and homospermidine as well as the diamines putrescine and cadaverine. In comparison to the respective wild type, the mutant shows a two-fold increased level of endogenous putrescine but displays a reduced ability to accumulate the diamines putrescine and cadaverine. The ability to accumulate polyamines is not affected. The deleted spermidine synthase gene of the mutant was substituted by heterologous expression of the hss gene from Rhodopseudomonas viridis encoding homospermidine synthase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008829008065
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