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  • 1
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    Bose glass and Mott glass of quasiparticles in a doped quantum magnet (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: The low-temperature states of bosonic fluids exhibit fundamental quantum effects at the macroscopic scale: the best-known examples are Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity, which have been tested experimentally in a variety of different systems. When bosons interact, disorder can destroy condensation, leading to a 'Bose glass'. This phase has been very elusive in experiments owing to the absence of any broken symmetry and to the simultaneous absence of a finite energy gap in the spectrum. Here we report the observation of a Bose glass of field-induced magnetic quasiparticles in a doped quantum magnet (bromine-doped dichloro-tetrakis-thiourea-nickel, DTN). The physics of DTN in a magnetic field is equivalent to that of a lattice gas of bosons in the grand canonical ensemble; bromine doping introduces disorder into the hopping and interaction strength of the bosons, leading to their localization into a Bose glass down to zero field, where it becomes an incompressible Mott glass. The transition from the Bose glass (corresponding to a gapless spin liquid) to the Bose-Einstein condensate (corresponding to a magnetically ordered phase) is marked by a universal exponent that governs the scaling of the critical temperature with the applied field, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Our study represents a quantitative experimental account of the universal features of disordered bosons in the grand canonical ensemble.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Rong -- Yin, Liang -- Sullivan, Neil S -- Xia, J S -- Huan, Chao -- Paduan-Filho, Armando -- Oliveira, Nei F Jr -- Haas, Stephan -- Steppke, Alexander -- Miclea, Corneliu F -- Weickert, Franziska -- Movshovich, Roman -- Mun, Eun-Deok -- Scott, Brian L -- Zapf, Vivien S -- Roscilde, Tommaso -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 20;489(7416):379-84. doi: 10.1038/nature11406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22996552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Deep sequencing reveals 50 novel genes for recessive cognitive disorders (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-23
    Description: Common diseases are often complex because they are genetically heterogeneous, with many different genetic defects giving rise to clinically indistinguishable phenotypes. This has been amply documented for early-onset cognitive impairment, or intellectual disability, one of the most complex disorders known and a very important health care problem worldwide. More than 90 different gene defects have been identified for X-chromosome-linked intellectual disability alone, but research into the more frequent autosomal forms of intellectual disability is still in its infancy. To expedite the molecular elucidation of autosomal-recessive intellectual disability, we have now performed homozygosity mapping, exon enrichment and next-generation sequencing in 136 consanguineous families with autosomal-recessive intellectual disability from Iran and elsewhere. This study, the largest published so far, has revealed additional mutations in 23 genes previously implicated in intellectual disability or related neurological disorders, as well as single, probably disease-causing variants in 50 novel candidate genes. Proteins encoded by several of these genes interact directly with products of known intellectual disability genes, and many are involved in fundamental cellular processes such as transcription and translation, cell-cycle control, energy metabolism and fatty-acid synthesis, which seem to be pivotal for normal brain development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Najmabadi, Hossein -- Hu, Hao -- Garshasbi, Masoud -- Zemojtel, Tomasz -- Abedini, Seyedeh Sedigheh -- Chen, Wei -- Hosseini, Masoumeh -- Behjati, Farkhondeh -- Haas, Stefan -- Jamali, Payman -- Zecha, Agnes -- Mohseni, Marzieh -- Puttmann, Lucia -- Vahid, Leyla Nouri -- Jensen, Corinna -- Moheb, Lia Abbasi -- Bienek, Melanie -- Larti, Farzaneh -- Mueller, Ines -- Weissmann, Robert -- Darvish, Hossein -- Wrogemann, Klaus -- Hadavi, Valeh -- Lipkowitz, Bettina -- Esmaeeli-Nieh, Sahar -- Wieczorek, Dagmar -- Kariminejad, Roxana -- Firouzabadi, Saghar Ghasemi -- Cohen, Monika -- Fattahi, Zohreh -- Rost, Imma -- Mojahedi, Faezeh -- Hertzberg, Christoph -- Dehghan, Atefeh -- Rajab, Anna -- Banavandi, Mohammad Javad Soltani -- Hoffer, Julia -- Falah, Masoumeh -- Musante, Luciana -- Kalscheuer, Vera -- Ullmann, Reinhard -- Kuss, Andreas Walter -- Tzschach, Andreas -- Kahrizi, Kimia -- Ropers, H Hilger -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 21;478(7367):57-63. doi: 10.1038/nature10423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 19857 Tehran, Iran.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21937992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/metabolism/physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cognition Disorders/*genetics ; Consanguinity ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons/genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; Genes, Recessive/*genetics ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/*genetics ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mutation/genetics ; Organ Specificity ; Synapses/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Inkjet printing of single-crystal films (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-15
    Description: The use of single crystals has been fundamental to the development of semiconductor microelectronics and solid-state science. Whether based on inorganic or organic materials, the devices that show the highest performance rely on single-crystal interfaces, with their nearly perfect translational symmetry and exceptionally high chemical purity. Attention has recently been focused on developing simple ways of producing electronic devices by means of printing technologies. 'Printed electronics' is being explored for the manufacture of large-area and flexible electronic devices by the patterned application of functional inks containing soluble or dispersed semiconducting materials. However, because of the strong self-organizing tendency of the deposited materials, the production of semiconducting thin films of high crystallinity (indispensable for realizing high carrier mobility) may be incompatible with conventional printing processes. Here we develop a method that combines the technique of antisolvent crystallization with inkjet printing to produce organic semiconducting thin films of high crystallinity. Specifically, we show that mixing fine droplets of an antisolvent and a solution of an active semiconducting component within a confined area on an amorphous substrate can trigger the controlled formation of exceptionally uniform single-crystal or polycrystalline thin films that grow at the liquid-air interfaces. Using this approach, we have printed single crystals of the organic semiconductor 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C(8)-BTBT) (ref. 15), yielding thin-film transistors with average carrier mobilities as high as 16.4 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This printing technique constitutes a major step towards the use of high-performance single-crystal semiconductor devices for large-area and flexible electronics applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minemawari, Hiromi -- Yamada, Toshikazu -- Matsui, Hiroyuki -- Tsutsumi, Jun'ya -- Haas, Simon -- Chiba, Ryosuke -- Kumai, Reiji -- Hasegawa, Tatsuo -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 13;475(7356):364-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 4, Tsukuba 305-8562, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21753752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anisotropy ; *Crystallization ; Electronics/*instrumentation/*methods ; Plastics/chemistry ; Printing/*methods ; *Semiconductors ; Solvents ; Synchrotrons ; Thiophenes/chemistry ; Transistors, Electronic ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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