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  • Books  (86)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (51)
  • Springer Nature  (35)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This open access book is a step-by-step introduction on how shell scripting can help solve many of the data processing tasks that Health and Life specialists face everyday with minimal software dependencies. The examples presented in the book show how simple command line tools can be used and combined to retrieve data and text from web resources, to filter and mine literature, and to explore the semantics encoded in biomedical ontologies. To store data this book relies on open standard text file formats, such as TSV, CSV, XML, and OWL, that can be open by any text editor or spreadsheet application. The first two chapters, Introduction and Resources, provide a brief introduction to the shell scripting and describe popular data resources in Health and Life Sciences. The third chapter, Data Retrieval, starts by introducing a common data processing task that involves multiple data resources. Then, this chapter explains how to automate each step of that task by introducing the required commands line tools one by one. The fourth chapter, Text Processing, shows how to filter and analyze text by using simple string matching techniques and regular expressions. The last chapter, Semantic Processing, shows how XPath queries and shell scripting is able to process complex data, such as the graphs used to specify ontologies. Besides being almost immutable for more than four decades and being available in most of our personal computers, shell scripting is relatively easy to learn by Health and Life specialists as a sequence of independent commands. Comprehending them is like conducting a new laboratory protocol by testing and understanding its procedural steps and variables, and combining their intermediate results. Thus, this book is particularly relevant to Health and Life specialists or students that want to easily learn how to process data and text, and which in return may facilitate and inspire them to acquire deeper bioinformatics skills in the future.
    Keywords: Medicine ; Cancer research ; Human genetics ; Database management ; Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFN Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCL Oncology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFN Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCL Oncology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and diverse multigene locus in all jawed vertebrate species that has an integral role in adaptive/innate immune systems, transplantation, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. The MHC supra-locus in mammalian vertebrates is usually partitioned into three distinct regions, known as classes I, II, and III, which, to varying extents, can be found conserved in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates, such as bony fish, amphibians, and bird lineages. The MHC gene region is characterized particularly by the expression of class I and class II glycoproteins that bind peptides derived from intracellular or extracellular antigens to circulating T-cells. While this expressed antigenic specificity remains the predominant interest with respect to MHC function and polymorphism in a population, a broader concept has emerged that examines the MHC as a multifunctional polymorphic controller that facilitates and regulates genome diversity with a much greater array of functions and effects than just MHC-restricted antigen recognition. This volume of 19 reprints presented by various experts and collected from the Special Issue of Cells on “MHC in Health and Disease” covers a broad range of topics on the genomic diversity of the MHC regulatory system in various vertebrate species, including MHC class I, II, and III genes; innate and adaptive immunity; neurology; transplantation; haplotypes; infectious and autoimmune diseases; fecundity; conservation; allelic lineages; and evolution. Taken together, these articles demonstrate the immense complexity and diversity of the MHC structure and function within and between different vertebrate species.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; HCP5 ; n/a ; camels ; MHC ; STK19 ; major histocompatibility complex ; human papillomavirus (HPV) ; T-cell receptor ; T1DGC ; bottleneck ; micro-mini-pigs ; life history ; computational analysis ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; phase ; Bactrian camel ; NSDK ; melanoma ; antigen ; autoimmune disease ; RD ; selection ; disease resistance ; autoimmunity ; ancestral haplotype ; Ski complex ; DXO ; high-throughput sequencing ; conservation genetics ; SVA ; lncRNA ; ankylosing spondylitis ; MHC genes ; viral peptides ; competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) ; astrogliosis ; birds ; long-fragment super haplotype ; SNP ; RLR ; HLA polymorphism ; 5??3? RNA decay ; expression ; 3??5? mRNA turnover ; orthology ; long-read sequencing ; disease association ; dromedary ; polyomavirus ; MHC-II-associated sperm-egg recognition ; experimental medicine ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; fish ; SKIV2L ; production trait ; molecular dynamics simulation ; Macaca fascicularis ; human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) ; concerted evolution ; polymorphism ; Old World camels ; MHC polymorphism ; protocol ; nonclassical ; gene duplication ; microglial reaction ; human leukocyte antigen-E ; SKI2W ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies ; antiviral immunity ; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; founder effect ; giant panda ; domain movements ; BK virus ; promoter-proximal transcriptional pause ; type 1 diabetes (T1D) ; RP1 ; miR1236 ; KIR ; synaptic covering ; swine leukocyte antigen ; cynomolgus macaque ; HLA ; kidney transplantation ; ?2m knockout mice ; DOM3Z ; interferon ? ; ethnic populations in China ; ecology ; KIR–HLA pairs ; exosomes ; major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ; MHC-I-based mother-fetus recognition ; RNA quality control ; autoimmune diseases ; NELF-E ; haplotype ; genetic drift ; evolution ; nonhuman primate models ; HLA-B27 ; PNS/CNS interface ; risk genes ; pedigree ; MHC-I- and MHC-II-dependent inter-individual recognition ; regulation ; crested ibis ; reproductive performance ; nephropathy ; cancer ; nuclear kinase ; trichohepatoenteric syndrome ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book explores topics in multivariate statistical analysis, relevant in the real and complex domains. It utilizes simplified and unified notations to render the complex subject matter both accessible and enjoyable, drawing from clear exposition and numerous illustrative examples. The book features an in-depth treatment of theory with a fair balance of applied coverage, and a classroom lecture style so that the learning process feels organic. It also contains original results, with the goal of driving research conversations forward. This will be particularly useful for researchers working in machine learning, biomedical signal processing, and other fields that increasingly rely on complex random variables to model complex-valued data. It can also be used in advanced courses on multivariate analysis. Numerous exercises are included throughout.
    Keywords: multivariate statistical analysis ; mathematical statistics ; complex domain ; matrix-variate ; Gaussian distributions ; Wishart distribution ; type-1 distributions ; type-2 distributions ; factor analysis ; classifications ; cluster ; profile analyses ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book explores the collision between the sustainable energy transition and the Internet of Things (IoT). In that regard, this book’s arrival is timely. Not only is the Internet of Things for energy applications, herein called the energy Internet of Things (eIoT), rapidly developing but also the transition towards sustainable energy to abate global climate is very much at the forefront of public discourse. It is within the context of these two dynamic thrusts, digitization and global climate change, that the energy industry sees itself undergoing significant change in how it is operated and managed. This book recognizes that they impose five fundamental energy management change drivers: 1.) the growing demand for electricity, 2.) the emergence of renewable energy resources, 3.) the emergence of electrified transportation, 4.) the deregulation of electric power markets, 5.) and innovations in smart grid technology. Together, they challenge many of the assumptions upon which the electric grid was first built. The goal of this book is to provide a single integrated picture of how eIoT can come to transform our energy infrastructure. This book links the energy management change drivers mentioned above to the need for a technical energy management solution. It, then, describes how eIoT meets many of the criteria required for such a technical solution. In that regard, the book stresses the ability of eIoT to add sensing, decision-making, and actuation capabilities to millions or perhaps even billions of interacting “smart" devices. With such a large scale transformation composed of so many independent actions, the book also organizes the discussion into a single multi-layer energy management control loop structure. Consequently, much attention is given to not just network-enabled physical devices but also communication networks, distributed control & decision making, and finally technical architectures and standards. Having gone into the detail of these many simultaneously developing technologies, the book returns to how these technologies when integrated form new applications for transactive energy. In that regard, it highlights several eIoT-enabled energy management use cases that fundamentally change the relationship between end users, utilities, and grid operators. Consequently, the book discusses some of the emerging applications for utilities, industry, commerce, and residences. The book concludes that these eIoT applications will transform today’s grid into one that is much more responsive, dynamic, adaptive and flexible. It also concludes that this transformation will bring about new challenges and opportunities for the cyber-physical-economic performance of the grid and the business models of its increasingly growing number of participants and stakeholders.
    Keywords: Energy ; Renewable energy resources ; Energy systems ; Power electronics ; Electrical engineering ; Application software ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Gegenstand dieser Open Access Publikation sind die Auswirkungen automatisierter und vernetzter Fahrzeuge auf die Europäische Stadt sowie die Voraussetzungen, unter denen diese Technologie einen positiven Beitrag zur Stadtentwicklung leisten kann. Dabei vertreten die Autorinnen und Autoren zwei Thesen, die im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs bislang wenig Beachtung fanden: Automatisierte und vernetzte Fahrzeuge werden sich für lange Zeit nicht in allen Teilräumen der Stadt durchsetzen. Dies hat zur Folge, dass bislang angenommene Wirkungen - von der Verkehrssicherheit bis zur Verkehrsleistung sowie räumliche Effekte - neu bewertet werden müssen. Um einen positiven Beitrag dieser Technologie zur Mobilität der Zukunft sicherzustellen, müssen verkehrs- und siedlungspolitische Regulationen weiterentwickelt werden. Etablierte territoriale, institutionelle und organisatorische Grenzen sind zeitnah zu hinterfragen. Trotz oder wegen der bestehenden großen Unsicherheiten befinden wir uns am Beginn einer Phase des Gestaltens - in der Technologieentwicklung, aber eben auch in der Politik, Stadtplanung, Verwaltung und der Zivilgesellschaft. Die Autorinnen und Autoren Ein interdisziplinäres Team an der Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung der TU Wien hat die vorliegenden Forschungsergebnisse gemeinsam erarbeitet. Das Projekt wurde als Ladenburger Kolleg von der Daimler und Benz Stiftung gefördert.
    Keywords: Automotive Engineering ; Automatisiertes Fahren ; Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren ; Autonomes Fahren ; Verkehrswende ; Stadtentwicklung ; Europäische Stadt ; Open Access ; Automotive technology & trades ; Automotive (motor mechanic) skills ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRC Automotive technology and trades
    Language: German
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, entropy has been used as a measure of the degree of chaos in dynamical systems. Thus, it is important to study entropy in nonlinear systems. Moreover, there has been increasing interest in the last few years regarding the novel classification of nonlinear dynamical systems including two kinds of attractors: self-excited attractors and hidden attractors. The localization of self-excited attractors by applying a standard computational procedure is straightforward. In systems with hidden attractors, however, a specific computational procedure must be developed, since equilibrium points do not help in the localization of hidden attractors. Some examples of this kind of system are chaotic dynamical systems with no equilibrium points; with only stable equilibria, curves of equilibria, and surfaces of equilibria; and with non-hyperbolic equilibria. There is evidence that hidden attractors play a vital role in various fields ranging from phase-locked loops, oscillators, describing convective fluid motion, drilling systems, information theory, cryptography, and multilevel DC/DC converters. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest scientific trends on the advanced topics of dynamics, entropy, fractional order calculus, and applications in complex systems with self-excited attractors and hidden attractors.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; S-Box algorithm ; empirical mode decomposition ; service game ; existence ; hyperchaotic system ; static memory ; complex-variable chaotic system ; neural network ; fractional-order ; permutation entropy ; adaptive approximator-based control ; BOPS ; Bogdanov Map ; complex systems ; Thurston’s algorithm ; parameter estimation ; fractional discrete chaos ; full state hybrid projective synchronization ; self-excited attractor ; stability ; PRNG ; inverse full state hybrid projective synchronization ; entropy measure ; chaos ; chaotic flow ; multistable ; core entropy ; multiscale multivariate entropy ; multistability ; new chaotic system ; strange attractors ; chaotic systems ; spatial dynamics ; spectral entropy ; resonator ; stochastic (strong) entropy solution ; multichannel supply chain ; Hubbard tree ; approximate entropy ; circuit design ; coexistence ; sample entropy ; chaotic maps ; chaotic map ; Gaussian mixture model ; entropy ; laser ; Non-equilibrium four-dimensional chaotic system ; multiple attractors ; projective synchronization ; hidden attractors ; hidden attractor ; chaotic system ; entropy analysis ; self-excited attractors ; multiple-valued ; self-reproducing system ; implementation ; unknown complex parameters ; optimization methods ; image encryption ; generalized synchronization ; uncertain dynamics ; fractional order ; nonlinear transport equation ; external rays ; Lyapunov exponents ; inverse generalized synchronization ; fixed point ; uniqueness ; electronic circuit realization ; synchronization ; Hopf bifurcation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Following the Fukushima nuclear accident, a large volume of monitoring data has been collected about the soil, air, dust, and seawater, along with data about an immense number of foods supplied to the market. Little is known, however, about the effect of radioactive fallout on agriculture, information about which is vital. Although more than 80% of the damaged area is related to agriculture, in situ information specifically for agriculture is scarce. This book provides data about the actual movement and accumulation of radioactivity in the ecological system—for example, whether debris deposited on mountains can be a cause of secondary contamination, under what conditions plants accumulate radioactive cesium in their edible parts, and how radioactivity is transferred from hay to milk. Because agriculture is so closely related to nature, many specialists with different areas of expertise must be involved in answering these questions. In the case of rice, researchers in rice cultivation as well as in soil, hydrology, and radioactivity measurement are working together to reveal the paths or accumulation of radioactivity in the field. For this purpose, the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences of The University of Tokyo has diverse facilities available throughout Japan, including farmlands, forests, and meadowlands. Many academic staff members have formed groups to conduct on-site research, with more than 40 volunteers participating. This book presents the data collected from the only project being systematically carried out across Japan after the Fukushima accident.
    Keywords: HD28-70 ; GE1-350 ; QC770-798 ; TS1-2301 ; QE1-996.5 ; TA401-492 ; S1-972 ; Food Science ; Agriculture ; Animal Ecology ; Environmental Monitoring/Analysis ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Plant Ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The representation of the Earth's surface in global monitoring and forecasting applications is moving towards capturing more of the relevant processes, while maintaining elevated computational efficiency and therefore a moderate complexity. These schemes are developed and continuously improved thanks to well instrumented field-sites that can observe coupled processes occurring at the surface–atmosphere interface (e.g., forest, grassland, cropland areas and diverse climate zones). Approaching global kilometer-scale resolutions, in situ observations alone cannot fulfil the modelling needs, and the use of satellite observation becomes essential to guide modelling innovation and to calibrate and validate new parameterization schemes that can support data assimilation applications. In this book, we review some of the recent contributions, highlighting how satellite data are used to inform Earth surface model development (vegetation state and seasonality, soil moisture conditions, surface temperature and turbulent fluxes, land-use change detection, agricultural indicators and irrigation) when moving towards global km-scale resolutions.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; direct and inverse methods ; absorption coefficient ; emissivity ; land-surface model ; n/a ; variational retrieval ; temporal autocorrelation ; Bayesian bias correction ; hyperspectral ; infrared ; BRDF ; satellite rainfall ; MCD43C1 ; penetration depth ; RTTOV ; earth-observations ; earth system modelling ; representative depth ; land ; Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary ; CDOM ; soil moisture ; surface ; Maqu network ; surface soil moisture ; MODIS ; soil effective temperature ; GOCI ; microwave remote sensing ; rain gauge ; QAA inversion ; broadband emissivity ; radiation ; surface parameters ; satellite data ; East Africa ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: We invite you to contribute to a Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Dietary Supplements”. The purpose of this Special Issue is to advance dietary supplement science by presenting commissioned overviews on four nutrients of particular current interest and controversy: Vitamin D, iodine, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. To supplement these contributions, we welcome the submission of manuscripts describing original research or providing systematic reviews related to various issues in dietary supplement science. Manuscripts across a broad range of topics will be considered, but we are particularly interested in manuscripts that address the following areas: • Health effects, both positive and negative, of single nutrients, such as vitamin D, iodine, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids, with an emphasis on human studies. • Human clinical trials of dietary supplement use • Motivations for and prevalence of the use of dietary supplements • Mechanisms of action of nutrients and other bioactive components of dietary supplements. • Biomarkers of nutritional status, especially those measured in human samples. • Development and application of analytical tools for the measurement of bioactive components of dietary supplements. • Databases of dietary supplements' composition for use in improving the assessment of nutrient intake and of the exposure to ingredients present in these products in human populations.
    Keywords: TX341-641 ; food supplements ; bioactives ; dietary supplements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The name of Joseph Fourier is also inseparable from the study of the mathematics of heat. Modern research on heat equations explores the extension of the classical diffusion equation on Riemannian, sub-Riemannian manifolds, and Lie groups. In parallel, in geometric mechanics, Jean-Marie Souriau interpreted the temperature vector of Planck as a space-time vector, obtaining, in this way, a phenomenological model of continuous media, which presents some interesting properties.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; entanglement indicators ; generalized uncertainty principle ; Tsallis entropy ; linear entropy ; quantum-classical relationship ; Wigner–Yanase–Dyson skew information ; deep learning ; spinors in quantum and classical physics ; quantum mechanics ; entropy ; original Bell inequality ; Bohmian dynamics ; qudit states ; square integrable ; uncertainty relation ; quantum bound ; uncertainty relations ; foundations of quantum mechanics ; Born probability rule ; Rényi entropy ; energy quantization ; quantum foundations ; Born rule ; measure of classicality ; minimal observable length ; quantum information ; Kochen–Specker theorem ; neuromorphic computing ; bell inequalities ; successive measurements ; Gleason theorem ; continuous variables ; quantum memory ; perfect correlation/anticorrelation ; quantum trajectory ; quantum computing ; high performance computing ; Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism ; quantum uncertainty
    Language: English
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