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  • Articles  (33)
  • Chemistry  (30)
  • Active nitrogen
  • Cellulose
  • Crystallite size
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (31)
  • Springer  (2)
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the pattern of deposition of microfibrils in the cell wall of Glaucocystis (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Cellulose ; Freeze-etching ; Glaucocystis ; Microfibrils (cellulose) ; Morphogenesis ; Plasma membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Freeze-fracturing of Glaucocystis nostochinearum Itzigsohn cells during cell-wall microfibril deposition indicates that unidirectionally polarized microfibril ends are localized in a “zone of synthesis” covering about 30% of the sarface area of the plasma membrane. Within this zone there are about 6 microfibril ends/μm2 cell surface. It is proposed that microfibrils are generated by the passage of their tips over the cell surface and that the pattern of microfibril organization at the poles of the cells, in which microfibrils of alternate layers are interconnected at 3 “rotation centres”, results directly from the pattern of this translation of microfibril tips. In a model of the deposition pattern it is proposed that the zone of synthesis may split into 3 sub-zones as the poles are approached, each sub-zone being responsible for the generation of one rotation centre. It is demonstrated that the microfibrillar component of the entire wall could be generated by the steady translation of the microfibril tips (at which synthesis is presumed to occur) over the cell surface at a rate of 0.25–0.5 μm min-1. Microcinematography indicates that the protoplast rotates during cell-wall deposition, and it is proposed that this rotation may play a role in the generation of the microfibril deposition pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387744
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation and development of cellulose-synthesizing linear terminal complexes (TCs) in the plasma membrane of the marine red algaErythrocladia subintegra Rosenv. (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 193 (1996), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Erythrocladia subintegra ; Red alga ; Freeze-fracture ; Cellulose ; Linear terminal complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The formation and development of linear terminal complexes (TCs), the putative cellulose synthesizing units of the red algaErythrocladia subintegra Rosenv., were investigated by a freeze etching technique using both rotary and unidirectional shadowing. The ribbon-like cellulose fibrils ofE. subintegra are 27.6 ± 0.8 nm wide and only 1–1.5 nm thick. They are synthesized by TCs which are composed of repeating transverse rows formed of four particles, the TC subunits. About 50.4 ± 1.7 subunits constitute a TC. They are apparently more strongly interconnected in transverse than in longitudinal directions. Some TC subunits can be resolved as doublets by Fourier analysis. Large globular particles (globules) seem to function as precursor units in the assembly and maturation of the TCs. They are composed of a central hole (the core) with small subunits forming a peripheral ridge and seem to represent zymogenic precursors. TC assembly is initiated after two or three gobules come into close contact with each other, swell and unfold to a nucleation unit resembling the first 2–3 transverse rows of a TC. Longitudinal elongation of the TC occurs by the unfolding of globules attached to both ends of the TC nucleation unit until the TC is completed. The typical intramembranous particles observed inErythrocladia (unidirectional shadowing) are 9.15 ± 0.13 nm in diameter, whereas those of a TC have an average diameter of 8.77 ± 0.11 nm. During cell wall synthesis membranes of vesicles originating from the Golgi apparatus and which seem to fuse with the plasma membrane contain large globules, 15–22 nm in diameter, as well as ‘tetrads” with a particle diameter of about 8 nm. The latter are assumed to be involved in the synthesis of the amorphous extracellular matrix cell wall polysaccharides. The following working model for cellulose fibril assembly inE. subintegra is suggested: (1) the ribbon-like cellulose fibril is synthesized by a single linear TC; (2) the number of glucan chains per microfibril correlates with the number of TC subunits; (3) a single subunit synthesizes 3 glucan chains which appear to stack along the 0.6 nm lattice plane; (4) lateral aggregation of the “3-mer” stacks leads to the crystalline microfibril.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276632
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the release of undegraded material extracted from cells by ultrasound (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 659-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The time course of release of intact labile material from cells by cavitating ultrasound is examined. Curves are presented which show the yield of intact subcellular components obtainable from cells as a function of sonication time for various values of the ratio of inactivation rate to release rate. The general cases where inactivation of released product is concentration dependent (chemical) and concentration independent (mechanical) are considered.For a flow system the time of attainment of equilibrium concentration of active product is analyzed as a function of flow rate, release rate, inactivation rate, and volume of chamber. Curves of optimal yields to be expected for batch and flow systems are presented. It is shown that sonochemical inactivation can be made negligible by sonication of high cell concentration suspensions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing the product crystals from a mixing tee process (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 2063-2068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341216
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial dispersion coefficient measurement in two-phase flow (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 657-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140422
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct visualization of synthetic cellulose formation via enzymatic polymerization using transmission electron microscopy (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195 (1994), S. 1319-1326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The process of synthetic cellulose formation in an acetonitrile-buffer solvent system by enzymatic polymerization of β-cellobiosyl fluoride monomer using cellulase as a catalyst was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Synthetic cellulose could be observed as soon as 30 s after initiation of the polymerization. A micellar phase separation occurred at the initial stage of the reaction. Irregular aggregates of cellulose were formed at the boundary of the micellar particles, suggesting that the interface is the site of polymerization. The cellulose product after treatment with hot surfactant solution was strongly labeled with cellobiohydrolase I-gold complexes, indicating that the produced polymer is cellulose. The electron diffraction pattern of the product showed the typical pattern of crystal structure of cellulose II.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950416
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Butyl nitrite: A novel chemical ionization reagent compound (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 77-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Kratos MS-25RFA medium resolution mass spectrometer and a Concept IS high resolution mass spectrometer were used to analyse a range of highly substituted aromatic alcohols for kinetic studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290020408
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative adhesion test for thin polymer films on silicon substrates (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1287-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standard 90° peel test was modified in order to apply it to testing adhesion of thin polymer films to surfaces of silicon substrates, such as the silicon nitride passivation layer used in our solid-state chemical sensors. The goal of this task was to develop a procedure for testing adhesion of both dry and wet films, which would yield repeatable, quantitative results quickly, and with simple sample preparation. It is important to produce valid comparisons of adhesion both over variations of a given polymer composition, and between films made of dissimilar polymer matrices. The method described herein could be applied to adhesion testing of a wide variety of thin polymer layers to solid surfaces.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430709
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of water in polyimide resins and composites (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of temperature, postcure, and fiber orientation on water absorption were examined for Kerimid® 723 bismaleimide resin. The effect of fiber orientation was also examined for Avimid® N and BASF X-5260. Water absorption in Kerimid® 723 was found to have an Arrhenius temperature dependence, depend on degree of postcure, and be independent of fiber orientation. BASF X-5260 water absorption was also found to be independent of fiber orientation. Avimid® N water absorption exhibited a strong dependence on fiber orientation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070570202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace element metabolism studies in man (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new inorganic mass spectrometric technique is described which allows sensitive, rapid and economic determination of trace element concentrations and isotope ratios in aqueous samples. This paper illustrates the potential of the technique in one particular application area, namely the measurement of strontium isotope ratios in human blood and urine following ingestion of an enriched stable strontium isotope. The data from a human volunteer experiment illustrate the viability of the analytical method, with measurement precisions of ± 0.2% (1σ) achieved for the isotope ratio in urine samples, which contained approximately 300 ng 86Sr in the volume required for analysis. Measurement precision is limited by counting statistics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160174
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