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  • Articles  (73)
  • Springer  (71)
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • Articles  (73)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 19 (1980), S. 698-709 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Wachstum einer beliebig geformten Kerbe in einem Spinnfaden bei der einachsigen Verstreckung wird für eine Potenz-Gesetz-Flüssigkeit und eine Maxwell-Flüssigkeit berechnet. Dabei wird ein Lagrangesches Koordinatensystem gewählt, und es werden Trägheits-, Oberflächenspannungs-, Gravitations-und Luftreibungseffekte vernachlässigt. Die Verwendung Lagrangescher Koordinaten reduziert das Problem wesentlich auf dasjenige der Dehnung eines gleichmäßigen Flüssigkeitszylinders und führt daher auf eine einfache und direkte Lösung der das Problem bestimmenden nicht-linearen Gleichungen. Für Potenz-Gesetz-Flüssigkeiten werden auf diese Weise analytische Lösungen gefunden. Wegen der Einfachheit des Problems braucht in dieser Darstellung nirgends auf linearisierte Störungsmethoden zurückgegriffen zu werden.
    Notes: Summary Growth of an arbitrarily shaped dent made on a filament of power law and Maxwell type fluids being uniaxially extended was analysed in the Lagrangian coordinate assuming inertia, surface tension, gravity and air drag forces to be negligible in comparison to the rheological force. The use of the Lagrangian coordinate reduced the problem essentially into that of the extension of a uniform fluid cylinder thereby leading to a simple and straightforward solution of the nonlinear governing equations. An analytical solution was obtained with power law fluids. Within the context of the present dent growth problem the above nonlinear solution was so simple and clearcut that recource to the linearized perturbation method was totally unnecessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 48 (1997), S. 223-227 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Steam reforming of ethanol, C2H5OH+H2O→2CO+4H2, was carried out over Co/Al2O3, Co/SiO2, Co/MgO, Co/ZrO2 and Co/C. The properties of the Co catalysts were greatly affected by the supports. Co/Al2O3 exhibited the highest selectivity for steam reforming of ethanol by suppression of methanation of CO and decomposition of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1976), S. 582-587 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A strong correlation between bone mass and genetic factors has been shown in twins and family studies. Some of the genes involved would regulate bone metabolism, bone formation, and resorption, all processes that determine bone mass. One candidate genes, calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in the parathyroid gland, regulates calcium homeostasis by sensing decreases in extracellular calcium level and effecting an increase in secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium (Ca) reabsorption in the kidney. We have investigated a possible association between the CA-repeat polymorphism at the human CASR gene locus and the bone mineral density (BMD) of radial bone in 472 postmenopausal Japanese women. Genotypes were classified into nine groups according to the number of CA repeats present, from 20 to 12. BMD was expressed as the adjusted BMD, which was the body mass index (BMI), and age-adjusted average BMD. The 247 women who had an A3 allele (228 bp, containing 18 repeats of CA) had significantly lower adjusted BMD (mean ± SD: 0.303 ± 0.059 versus 0.316 ± 0.063 g/cm2; P= 0.0308) than the participants (n = 201) who did not carry an allele of that size. This result suggests that genetic variation at the CASR gene locus is associated with some determinants for BMD in postmenopausal women.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methanol extracts of the skin of the Australian amphibianCrinia georgiana contain large amounts of crinia-angiotensin II, a new angiotensin II-like peptide. This differs sharply from the conventional octapeptide angiotensins II in having attached the tripeptide Ala-Pro-Gly- to the N-terminus, and having an Ile residue substituted for the Val residue at position 6 from the C-terminus. Small amounts of angiotensin-like peptides have been traced, by radioimmunoassay, in skin extracts of some otherCrinia species.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methanol extracts of the skin of the South African amphibians belonging to the genusHeleophryne (H. purcelli purcelli, H. purcelli depressa, H. purcelli orientalis, H. natalensis) contain large amounts (20–500 μg/g fresh tissue) of Hyp3-bradykinin.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 837-844 
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Radiative properties of cirrus clouds are one of the major unsolved problems in climate studies and global radiation budget. These clouds are generally composed of various ice-crystal shapes, so we tried to evaluate effects of the ice-crystal shape on radiative fluxes. We calculated radiative fluxes of cirrus clouds with a constant geometrical depth, composed of ice crystals with different shapes (hexagonal columns, bullets, bullet-rosettes), sizes and various concentrations. We considered ice particles randomly oriented in space (3D case) and their scattering phase functions were calculated by a ray-tracing method. We calculated radiative fluxes for cirrus layers for different microphysical characteristics by using a discrete-ordinate radiative code. Results showed that the foremost effect of the ice-crystal shape on radiative properties of cirrus clouds was that on the optical thickness, while the variation of the scattering phase function with the ice shape remained less than 3% for our computations. The ice-water content may be a better choice to parameterize the optical properties of cirrus, but the shape effect must be included.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1080-1094 
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Atmospheric composition and structure (aerosols and particles) ; Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology, radiative processes)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A parametric study of the instantaneous radiative impact of contrails is presented using three different radiative transfer models for a series of model atmospheres and cloud parameters. Contrails are treated as geometrically and optically thin plane parallel homogeneous cirrus layers in a static atmosphere. The ice water content is varied as a function of ambient temperature. The model atmospheres include tropical, mid-latitude, and subarctic summer and winter atmospheres. Optically thin contrails cause a positive net forcing at top of the atmosphere. At the surface the radiative forcing is negative during daytime. The forcing increases with the optical depth and the amount of contrail cover. At the top of the atmosphere, a mean contrail cover of 0.1% with average optical depth of 0.2 to 0.5 causes about 0.01 to 0.03 Wm−2 daily mean instantaneous radiative forcing. Contrails cool the surface during the day and heat the surface during the night, and hence reduce the daily temperature amplitude. The net effect depends strongly on the daily variation of contrail cloud cover. The indirect radiative forcing due to particle changes in natural cirrus clouds may be of the same magnitude as the direct one due to additional cover.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) leading to bone fragility [1], is a major public health concern in Japan as well as in other countries. Although genetic predisposition seems to be a factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis [2–4], the precise cohort of genes that may be involved is not well defined. The COLIA1 and COLIA2 genes encode polypeptide constituents of collagen type Iα1 and Iα2, respectively. Both are important candidates as genetic regulators of BMD, since mutations in either gene result in osteogenesis imperfecta, a disorder characterized by severe osteoporosis [5]. Some patients with adult osteoporosis also carry mutations in COLIA1 or COLIA2 genes [6].
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