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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Ellipsometry ; radio tracer ; bovine serum albumin ; protein adsorption ; anionicmonolayer ; desorption ofmonolayer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto an anionic monolayer of sodium docosylsulfate (SDocS) spread at the air/water interface was studied by ellipsometry. The adsorption behavior of BSA was estimated from the observed changes in phase differences and in the ratio of reflection coefficients. The dynamic process of BSA adsorption was measured after the injection of BSA solution into the aqueous substrate of SDocS monolayer. The gentle stirring of the substrate solution for 10 min was found to be enough to make the solution homogeneous without damaging the monolayer. The adsorption characteristics of BSA onto a negatively charged surface was compared with that onto a positively charged surface previously reported. The amount of adsorption depended on time and showed a maximum with an initial rapid rise, followed by gradual decrease toward the ultimate equilibrium value. The amount and time of the maximum adsorption depended on the concentration of BSA added to the aqueous substrate. Separate radiotracer measurement, using35S-labeled SDocS monolayer, which is insoluble by itself, revealed that SDocS is solubilized into the bulk solution when BSA is added to the aqueous substrate.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 869-873 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal decomposition of two types of graphite fluorides (CF) n and (CF) n , has been carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere at several temperatures between 100 and 500°C, with the object of improving the initial discharge behaviour of the Li/graphite flouride cell. The main reaction was the C-F bond rupture to form graphite-like carbon around the particle surface. The drop in cell voltage at the beginning of discharge could be minimized, and the polarization during discharge reduced by heat treatment under a hydrogen atmosphere. (CF) n , heat treated at 400°C for 1 h, yielded a discharge capacity of 730–800 mA h per g of active material, corresponding to the discharge efficiency of 83∼90% at 25°C, and (C2F) n , heat treated at 350°C, for 10h, gave 670 mA h g−1, corresponding to 91 % at 25°C.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 869-873 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal decomposition of two types of graphite fluorides (CF) n and (CF) n , has been carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere at several temperatures between 100 and 500°C, with the object of improving the initial discharge behaviour of the Li/graphite flouride cell. The main reaction was the C-F bond rupture to form graphite-like carbon around the particle surface. The drop in cell voltage at the beginning of discharge could be minimized, and the polarization during discharge reduced by heat treatment under a hydrogen atmosphere. (CF) n , heat treated at 400°C for 1 h, yielded a discharge capacity of 730–800 mA h per g of active material, corresponding to the discharge efficiency of 83∼90% at 25°C, and (C2F) n , heat treated at 350°C, for 10h, gave 670 mA h g−1, corresponding to 91 % at 25°C.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 407-411 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Experiments were conducted to determine whether diesel engine exhaust affects bone metabolism in growing rats. The rats were assigned to three groups: those exposed to total diesel engine exhaust with 5.63 mg/m3 particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, 8.10 ppm nitrogen monoxide; those exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and those exposed to clean air. Dosing experiments were performed for 3 months beginning at birth (6 h/day for 5 days/week). Bone mineral content (BMC) values in lumbar vertebral bone were significantly increased in both groups exposed to diesel exhaust (P〈0.01) compared to that of rats exposed to clean air. Bone mineral density (BMD) values were also significantly increased in both exposed groups, total exhaust (P〈0.01) and filtered exhaust (P〈0.001), compared to that of rats exposed to clean air. BMD values in the mid-femur were also significantly greater in animals exposed to diesel exhaust, total exhaust (P〈0.05), and filtered exhaust (P〈0.01), compared to that of those exposed to clean air. Urinary excretion of deoxypyridinolines, a biochemical marker for bone resorption, was significantly reduced in animals exposed to total diesel exhaust and filtered exhaust (P〈0.001, P〈0.01) compared to control. There was also a significant difference between the two exposure groups of diesel exhaust (P〈0.05). Since these effects were not inhibited by filtration, the gaseous phase of the exhaust was considered more responsible than particulate matter for reducing bone resorption.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 407-411 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine whether diesel engine exhaust affects bone metabolism in growing rats. The rats were assigned to three groups: those exposed to total diesel engine exhaust with 5.63 mg/m3 particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, 8.10 ppm nitrogen monoxide; those exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and those exposed to clean air. Dosing experiments were performed for 3 months beginning at birth (6 h/day for 5 days/week). Bone mineral content (BMC) values in lumbar vertebral bone were significantly increased in both groups exposed to diesel exhaust (P〈0.01) compared to that of rats exposed to clean air. Bone mineral density (BMD) values were also significantly increased in both exposed groups, total exhaust (P〈0.01) and filtered exhaust (P〈0.001), compared to that of rats exposed to clean air. BMD values in the mid-femur were also significantly greater in animals exposed to diesel exhaust, total exhaust (P〈0.05), and filtered exhaust (P〈0.01), compared to that of those exposed to clean air. Urinary excretion of deoxypyridinolines, a biochemical marker for bone resorption, was significantly reduced in animals exposed to total diesel exhaust and filtered exhaust (P〈0.001, P〈0.01) compared to control. There was also a significant difference between the two exposure groups of diesel exhaust (P〈0.05). Since these effects were not inhibited by filtration, the gaseous phase of the exhaust was considered more responsible than particulate matter for reducing bone resorption.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65. k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption and decomposition of formic acid on MgO(001) surfaces were studied by means of Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG), Temperature-Programed Desorption (TPD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Formic acid was dissociatively adsorbed on MgO(001) surfaces at room temperature. From SFG and TPD measurements, the existence of several different types of formate species was deduced and all species mainly decomposed into CO and H2O on raising the temperature of the substrate.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 42.65. ; k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Adsorption and decomposition of formic acid on MgO(001) surfaces were studied by means of Sum-Fre- quency Generation (SFG), Temperature-Programed Desorption (TPD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Formic acid was dissociatively adsorbed on MgO(001) surfaces at room temperature. From SFG and TPD measurements, the existence of several different types of formate species was deduced and all species mainly decomposed into CO and H2O on raising t he temperature of the substrate.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 626-627 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 33 Patienten mit Asthma bronchiale von verschiedenem Erkrankungsgrade wurde der Kiningehalt im zirkulierenden Blut bestimmt. Erhöhte Blutkininwerte wurden in den Patienten gefunden, und zwar im allgemeinen mit der Schwere der Krankheit korrelierbar. Daraus folgt, dass das «Kinin» aetiologisch mit Asthma bronchiale verknüpft ist.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: β-Adrenoceptor blocker ; intrinsic sympathomimetic action ; muscle cramps ; CPK ; CPK-MB ; propanolol ; carteolol ; metoprolol ; arotinolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have assessed the propensity of β-adrenoceptor blockers to cause muscle cramps and to raise the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level in 78 patients with essential hypertension. After a control period, a β-adrenoceptor blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA; propranolol, metoprolol or arotinolol) was administered for three months. Thereafter, the patients were randomised to receive a β-adrenoceptor blocker with ISA (pindolol or carteolol) for three months or a β-adrenoceptor blocker without ISA for a further three months. This pattern was continued until all β-adrenoceptor blockers had been given. At the end of each period, CPK and CPK-MB levels were measured. Of the 78 subjects, muscle cramps occurred in 27 during treatment with pindolol and 32 during treatment with carteolol. No complaints were made by subjects treated with propranolol and arotinolol, but muscle cramps were reported in 2 treated with metoprolol. While muscle cramps were caused both by pindolol and carteolol in 16 subjects, they were caused by either of these drugs in the remainder of the subjects. Muscle cramp occurred mainly in the calves when the patients were in bed at night. Serum CPK and CPK-MB levels increased significantly during treatment with pindolol (control period vs pindolol, CPK=96 vs 133 IU · ml−1, CPK-MB=14 vs 18 IU · ml−1) or carteolol (CPK=117 IU · ml−1, CPK-MB=18 IU · ml−1) while the levels during treatment with propranolol, arotinolol and metoprolol did not change from those in the control period. The change in serum CPK during treatment with carteolol or pindolol was significantly correlated with the control serum CPK level. No correlation was observed between muscle cramps and serum CPK level. There were individual differences in the severity of muscle cramps, with some subjects complaining frequently of severe muscle cramps. Because muscle cramps are frequently experienced at night, they disturb sleep and lower the quality of life in patients. This problem should be considered during treatment with β-adrenoceptor blockers with ISA.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beziehungen zwischen der zeitlichen Veränderung der Charakteristika von Magmenquellen und der Öffnung des Japanischen Meeres werden anhand von Sr-Isotopendaten tertiärer und quartärer basaltischer Gesteine diskutiert. Basaltische Gesteine von der Grabenseite und aus der Übergangszone ergaben initiale87Sr/86Sr Verhältnisse (Sri-Verhältnisse) von 0.70411–0.70546 und lassen keine zeitabhängige Änderung erkennen. Basaltische Besteine aus dem Back-Arc-Bereich mit Altern zwischen 29.8 und ca. 15 Ma zeigen ähnliche Sri-Verhältnisse und ebenfalls keine zeitliche Veränderung. Im Gegensatz dazu sind basaltische Gesteine aus dem Back-Arc-Bereich, die jünger als ca. 15 Ma sind, signifikant in ihren Sri-Verhältnissen (0.70396–0.70290) erniedrigt. Diese Verhältnisse liegen etwas höher als die von N-MORB. Die Sr-Isotopenergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß zumindest vor ca. 15 Ma der Herkunftsbereich der Magmen (subkontinentaler Mantel) unter dem NE japanischen Vulkanbogen chemisch angereichert war, während die Magmenquellen der jüngeren vulkanischen Gesteine des Back-Arc-Bereiches durch eine drastische Abreicherung charakterisiert sind. Die abgereicherten Magmen könnten, während der Öffnung des japanischen Back-Arc-Beckens, als Folge der Injektion abgereicherter Asthenosphäre (oder eines abgereicherten Manteldiapirs) in subkontinentalen Mantel unterhalb des Back-Arcs des NE japanischen Vulkanbogens, gebildet worden sein. Die miozänen basaltischen Gesteine des Back-Arc-Bereiches sind außerdem durch niedrigere Gehalte an LIL-Elementen, wie z.B. K2O und Rb charakterisiert. Dies wird als Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Aufschmelzungsrate in diesem Bereich im mittleren Miozän (im Zuge der gleichzeitigen Öffnung des japanischen Meeres) verstanden. Die erhöhte Aufschmelzrate im Mantel des Back-Arc-Breiches wird auf einer Erhöhung des geothermischen Gradienten infolge der Injektion von heißer Asthenosphäre zurückgeführt. Diese Injektion von Asthenosphäre könnte auch der Grund für die Aufschmelzung von Unterkruste und für die Produktion weitverbreiteter saurer miozäner Vulkanite im Back-Arc-Bereich und der Übergangszone sein.
    Notes: Summary Based on Sr isotopic data for Tertiary and Quaternary basaltic rocks from the NE Japan arc, relationships are discussed between the temporal variation of magma source characteristics and the opening of the Japan Sea. The basaltic rocks from the trench side and from the transitional zone show initial87Sr/86Sr ratios (Sri ratios) in the range of 0.70411–0.70546 but no temporal variation in Sri ratios. The back-arc side basaltic rocks with ages of 29.8 to ≈ 15 Ma have Sri ratios similar to those of the trench side and the transitional zone, and these values also show no temporal change. In contrast, the basaltic rocks from the back-arc side, with ages younger than ≈ 15 Ma, show significantly lower Sri ratios (0.70396 to 0.70290), which are slightly higher than those of N-type MORB. These Sr isotopic features may imply that at least before ≈ 15 Ma the magma source regions (the sub-continental mantle) beneath the NE Japan arc had an enriched chemical character and that after ≈ 15 Ma, the magma sources for volcanic rocks from the back-arc side show a drastic change in Sr isotopic character, from an enriched nature to a depleted one. The depleted magmas may have been formed as a result of injection of depleted asthenosphere (or of a depleted mantle diapir) into the subcontinental mantle under the back-arc side of the NE Japan arc, during the spreading of the Japan Sea back-arc basin. The middle Miocene basaltic rocks from the back-arc side are characterized by lower contents of LIL elements such as K2O and Rb compared with those from the trench side, suggesting that during the middle Miocene (syn-opening stage of the Japan Sea) the degree of partial melting may have been higher in the back-arc side mantle than in the trench side mantle. High degree of partial melting in the back-arc side mantle can be attributed to an increasing geothermal gradient in the mantle due to the injection of hot asthenosphere. This injection might also have caused the melting of the lower crust from which the voluminous middle Miocene acidic volcanics in the back-arc side and transitional zone may have been produced.
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