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  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data  (6)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics  (3)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas  (3)
  • E31
  • J24
  • Elsevier  (12)
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  • 1
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    Carbonate-derived CO2 purging magma at depth: Influence on the eruptive activity of Somma-Vesuvius, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: Mafic phenocrysts from selected products of the last 4 ka volcanic activity at Mt. Vesuvius were investigated for their chemical and O-isotope composition, as a proxy for primary magmas feeding the system. 18O/16O ratios of studied Mg-rich olivines suggest that near-primary shoshonitic to tephritic melts experienced a flux of sedimentary carbonate-derived CO2, representing the early process of magma contamination in the roots of the volcanic structure. Bulk carbonate assimilation (physical digestion) mainly occurred in the shallow crust, strongly influencing magma chamber evolution. On a petrological and geochemical basis the effects of bulk sedimentary carbonate digestion on the chemical composition of the near-primary melts are resolved from those of carbonate-released CO2 fluxed into magma. An important outcome of this process lies in the effect of external CO2 in changing the overall volatile solubility of the magma, enhancing the ability of Vesuvius mafic magmas to rapidly rise and explosively erupt at the surface.
    Description: Published
    Description: 84-95
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: stable-isotope ; magma geochemistry ; CO2-degassing ; Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Thermal and geochemical constraints on the ‘deep’ magmatic structure of Mt. Vesuvius (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A review of available and new isotopic data on rocks from Mt. Vesuvius together with geophysical and mineralogical data allow us to define a ‘deep’ complex magmatic reservoir where mantle-derived magmas arrive, stagnate and differentiate, and to constrain a thermal model, which describes the history and present state of the reservoir and its surrounding rocks. The top of the reservoir is located at about 8 km depth, and it extends discontinuously down to 20 km depth. The reservoir is hosted in densely fractured continental crustal rocks, where magmas and crust can interact, and, according to thermal modeling results, has been fed more than once in the last 400 ka. The hypothesis of crustal contamination is favored by the high temperatures reached by crustal rocks as a consequence of repetitive intrusions of magma. From the ‘deep’ reservoir magmas rise to form ‘shallow’ magma chambers at different depths, as already known in the literature, where they can undergo low-pressure differentiation and mixing and feed the volcanic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-12
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Magmatic system ; Crustal contamination ; Thermal modeling ; Isotope geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    A model for Ischia hydrothermal system: Evidences from the chemistry of thermal groundwaters (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ischia volcano, in Central Italy, has long been known for its copious surface hydrothermal manifestations, signs of a pervasive circulation of hot fluids in the subsurface. Because of the significant chemical heterogeneity of fumarolic gas discharges and hot spring discharges, evidences of a complex hydrothermal setting, a definite model of fluid circulation at depth is currently unavailable, in spite of the several previous efforts. Here, we report on the chemical and isotopic composition of 120 groundwater samples, collected during several sampling surveys from 2002 to 2007. The acquired data suggest that the composition of surface manifestations reflect contributions from meteoric water, sea water, and thermal fluids rising from two distinct hydrothermal reservoir, with equilibrium temperatures of respectively ~150 °C and ~270 °C, and depths of 150–300 m and N300 m (but possibly N1000 m). We also make use of an isotopic characterization of the dissolved gas phase in thermal waters to demonstrate that the Ischia hydrothermal system is currently supplied by a deep-rising gas component (DGC), characterized by CO2 ~97.7±1.2 vol.% (on a water-free basis), δ13CCO2=−3.51±0.9‰, and helium isotopic ratio of about 3.5 Ra (3He/4He ratio normalized to the air ratio, Ra), likely magmatic in origin. An assessment of the thermal budget for Ischia hydrothermal system is also presented, in the attempt to derive a first estimate of the size and rate of degassing of the magmatic reservoir feeding the gas emissions. We calculate that a heat flow of about 153–222 MW presently drives hydrothermal circulation on the island, which we suggest is supplied in convective form (e.g., by the ascent of a high-T magmatic vapour phase) by complete degassing of 2.2–3.3 107 m3 yr−1 of trachytic magma (with ~2.1 wt.% dissolved H2O content). If extrapolated to entire period of quiescence lasting since the Arso eruption in 1302 A.D., this volume corresponds to 1.6–2.3 1010 m3 of magma degassed in about 700 years of quiescent activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 133–159
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ischia ; hydrothermal systems ; thermal groudwaters ; thermal and volatile budget ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    The aquatic geochemistry of arsenic in volcanic groundwaters from southern Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper discusses the abundance, speciation and mobility of As in groundwater systems from active volcanic areas in Italy. Using literature data and new additional determinations, the main geochemical processes controlling the fate of As during gas–water–rock interaction in these systems are examined. Arsenic concentrations in the fluids range from 0.1 to 6940 mg/l, with wide differences observed among the different volcanoes and within each area. The dependence of As content on water temperature, pH, redox potential and major ions is investigated. Results demonstrate that As concentrations are highest where active hydrothermal circulation takes place at shallow levels, i.e. at Vulcano Island and the Phlegrean Fields. In both areas the dissolution of As-bearing sulphides is likely to be the main source of As. Mature Cl-rich groundwaters, representative of the discharge from the deep thermal reservoirs, are typically enriched in As with respect to SO4-rich ‘‘steam heated groundwaters’’. In the HCO3 groundwaters recovered at Vesuvius and Etna, aqueous As cycling is limited by the absence of high-temperature interactions and by high-Fe content of the host rocks, resulting in oxidative As adsorption. Thermodynamic modelling suggests that reducing H2S-rich groundwaters are in equilibrium with realgar, whereas in oxidising environments over-saturation with respect to Fe oxyhydroxides is indicated. Under these oxidising conditions, As solubility decreases controlled by As co-precipitation with, or adsorption on, Fe oxy-hydroxides. Consistent with thermodynamic considerations, As mobility in the studied areas is enhanced in intermediate redox environments, where both sulphides and Fe hydroxides are unstable.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1283–1296
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry ; Arsenic ; volcanic groundwaters ; speciation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Rainwater-induced leaching of selenium, arsenic and vanadium from Etnean volcanic soils (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Active volcanoes emit considerable amounts of contaminants such as As, Se and V. Mount Etna is the biggest volcano of Europe and an excellent geochemical site to study water-soil processes. Due to its volcanic activity, the rainwater has a strong compositional gradient, both in time and space. At present, the behaviour of trace elements in the soils around Mt Etna is poorly understood. To determine the influence of the rainwater pH on the potential mobilization of geogenic pollutants, batch experiments have been performed with synthetic rainwater for 25 soils collected along the flanks of the volcano. Our results show that: i) The maximum concentrations in the leaching solutions are higher for acid rain than for neutral rain (e.g. 7.7 vs 1.3 mg/L for Se). ii) With neutral rain conditions the soils upwind from the volcano have higher concentrations of Se than those downwind (up to 1.3 mg/L compared to ≤0.3 mg/L for the other samples). This trend is less clear for As and V. iii) For soils collected from 2 to 10 km downwind of the craters, Se concentrations in acid rain leachates decrease one order of magnitude with increasing distance. A similar pattern is also observed upwind from the volcano. For As and V no clear relationship between concentrations and location with respect to the volcanic craters is observed. Both i) and ii) result in a low pH dependence for samples upwind from the volcano. The biggest difference between acid and neutral leaching for As and V is observed for a sample 2 km downwind from the craters. The observed patterns are influenced by potential controlling factors, such as organic matter content, total concentrations, mineralogy, influence of the volcanic plume, etc. Our results have implications for the chemical composition of the Etnean aquifer, the only water resource to the one million inhabitants around Mt Etna, as well as for the bioavailability and potential toxicity through agricultural activities, essential to the local economy.
    Description: Published
    Description: Davos, Switzerland
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanic soils ; selenium ; arsenic ; vanadium ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
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    Oxygen isotope composition of natural waters in the Mt Etna area (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Oxygen isotopes of both rainwater and groundwater samples from Mt Etna were used to obtain information on recharge areas, flow paths, and the origin of wet air masses. Oxygen isotope composition was determined in rainwater samples collected for a period of 3 years (October 1997–October 2000), in 11 rain-gauges distributed along the flanks of Mt Etna from sea level to 2900 m of altitude. Values ranged from 213.8 to þ 1.9‰, the lowest values being measured at higher altitudes and/or during cooler periods. For rain-gauges located from sea level up to 1000 m altitude, volume weighted values defined an isotopic gradient of 22.7‰/km, which is in the range observed in the Mediterranean area. Higher-altitude gauges yielded a much lower gradient (20.6‰/km), probably due to the fact that vapour condensing at higher altitudes was mixed with an 18O-rich volcanic component deriving from the huge vapour output of the summit craters. The oxygen isotope composition of about 210 groundwater samples collected all around the volcano ranged from 29.3 to 25.0‰. The higher values measured on the eastern flank indicated that recharge occurs at lower altitudes on this flank. The low variability (0.30–0.65‰) of the monthly values gathered from 14 groundwater sampling points over a period of 2 years indicates that the groundwater system is isotopically well mixed. Some long-term trends may be explained by variations in annual recharge, due to the prevalent isotope composition of wet air masses.
    Description: National Group for Volcanology (G.N.V.), Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 282–299
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Isotope hydrology ; d18O ; Groundwater ; Rainwater ; Mt Etna ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Format: 539 bytes
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  • 7
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    Nitrogen Isotopes in Volcanic Fluids of Different Geodynamic Settings (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Nitrogen isotopes , N2/36Ar and 3He/4He were measured in volcanic fluids within different geodynamic settings. Subduction zones are represented by Aeolian archipelago, Mexican volcanic belt and Hellenic arc, spreading zones – by Socorro island in Mexico and Iceland and hot spots by Iceland and Islands of Cabo Verde. The δ15N values, corrected for air contamination of volcanic fluids, discharged from Vulcano Island (Italy), highlighted the presence of heavy nitrogen (around +4.3 ±0.5‰). Similar 15N values (around +5‰), have been measured for the fluids collected in the Jalisco Block, that is a geologically and tectonically complex forearc zone of the northwestern Mexico [1]. Positive values (15N around +3‰) have been also measured in the volcanic fluids discharged from Nysiros island located in the Ellenic Arc characterized by subduction processes. All uncorrected data for the Socorro island are in the range of -1 to -2‰. The results of raw nitrogen isotope data of Iceland samples reveal more negative isotope composition (about -4.4‰). On the basis of the non-atmospheric N2 fraction (around 50%) the corrected data of 15N for Iceland are around -16‰, very close to the values proposed by [2]. In a volcanic gas sample from Fogo volcano (Cabo Verde islands) we found a very negative value: -9.9‰ and -15‰ for raw and corrected values, respectively.
    Description: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
    Description: Published
    Description: Davos, Switzerland
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Nitrogen Isotopes ; Helium Isotopes ; Volcanic fluids ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 8
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    Volcanic signature of volatile trace elements on atmospheric deposition at Mt. Etna, Italy (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanic volatiles and aerosol emitted into the atmosphere ultimately fall on the Earth’s surface as wet or dry deposition, and they can influence the environment and the ecosystems at local and regional scales. Therefore, atmospheric deposition plays a key-role in the geochemical cycles, redistributing volcanogenic elements to the ground. For this reason, estimating the volcanogenic trace element fluxes from the atmosphere to the surface is necessary for a better knowledge of the environmental impact of the volcanic emissions. Nevertheless, from a literature review, we have recognized the scarcity of investigation on trace element deposition in the surroundings of active volcanoes. Here, we present a chemical characterization of bulk deposition around Mt. Etna, Italy, including both major and many trace elements. Bulk depositions were collected approximately fortnightly, from April 2006 to December 2007, using a network of five rain gauges, located at various altitudes on the upper flanks around the summit craters of the volcano. For most elements highest concentrations have been found close to the emission vent, confirming the prevailing volcanic contribution to rainwater composition close to the summit craters. Comparison with contemporaneously collected plume emissions shows that deposition processes produce no evident element-to-element fractionation. By contrast, comparison with whole rock composition indicates a contrasting behaviour between volatile elements, which are highly-enriched in rainwater, and refractory elements, which have low rainwater/whole rock concentration ratios. Chemical concentrations in bulk deposition were used to estimate the deposition rates of a large suite of elements. Deposition rates for volatile trace elements like Se, As, and Cd range from 1.7, 1.2 and 0.9 µg m-2 day-1 nearby to the summit vents, to 0.5, 0.3, and 0.1 µg m-2 day-1 at the local background site on the upwind western sector.
    Description: Published
    Description: Davos, Switzerland
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: open
    Keywords: trace metals ; atmospheric deposition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Geochemical and B–Sr–Nd isotopic evidence for mingling and mixing processes in the magmatic system that fed the Astroni volcano (4.1–3.8 ka) within the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Astroni volcano was built through seven eruptions that generated pyroclastic deposits and lava domes within the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) 4.1–3.8 ka BP. Whole-rock geochemical and B–Sr–Nd isotopic investigations were carried out on representative samples of all seven eruptions. The products vary from tephriphonolites to phonolites, and from latites to trachytes. They show textural, mineralogical and isotopic evidence of disequilibrium, including distinct clinopyroxene populations, rounded and/or resorbed plagioclase and alkali-feldspar, and reverse-zoned phenocrysts of all these mineral phases. The Sr, Nd and B isotopic composition of whole rocks is variable and correlated with the degree of chemical evolution, suggesting open-system processes in addition to fractional crystallisation. Moreover, significant Sr-isotopic disequilibrium between the phenocrysts and glass has been documented for one sample. The chemostratigraphy of the products indicates that Astroni eruptions 1 through 5 were fed by magmas of trachytic to phonolitic composition that were less enriched in radiogenic Sr and 11B up-section. This variability has been interpreted as the result of mingling between at least two distinct magmatic endmembers, one more evolved and the other less evolved. Another heterogeneous batch of magma, resulting from almost complete mixing between the same two end-members, was drained during eruptions 6 and 7. The more evolved end-member, characterised by 87Sr/86Sr≥0.7075, 143Nd/144Nd≤0.51247 and δ11B≥−8‰, was very similar to the magma that fed the final phases of the Agnano–Monte Spina eruption, which occurred a few centuries earlier in the Astroni vent area. The less evolved end-member had 87Sr/ 86Sr≤0.70726, 143Nd/144Nd≥0.51251 and δ11B≤10‰, and was likely derived by fractional crystallisation of a mantle-derived magma. An abrupt decrease in both the Sr isotope ratio and the Th content, detected at the transition between Unit 4 and 5, suggests that another magma with a 87Sr/86Sr ratio intermediate between those of the two identified end-members may have been involved in Astroni activity. The more evolved endmember is interpreted as a residue of the Agnano–Monte Spina eruption that was invaded by either the intermediate or the less evolved magmatic end-member, promoting mingling and triggering Astroni activity. This study of Astroni provides insights for both short- and long-term volcanic hazard assessment, as the Astroni volcano is the best example of a very close sequence of eruptions from the same vent area in the Campi Flegrei caldera.
    Description: Published
    Description: 135–151
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei caldera ; B–Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry ; Magma mingling/mixing ; Chemostratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Selenium mobilization in soils due to volcanic derived acid rain: An example from Mt Etna volcano, Sicily (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The significant amounts of selenium(Se)emitted by volcanoesmay have important impact on human health due to the narrow range between nutrition requirement and toxic effects for living organisms upon Se exposure. Although soils play a key role in determining the level in food and water and thereby human health, little is known about the behaviour of Se in volcanic soils. In this work we evaluated the Se release during rainwater–soil interaction under controlled conditions using soils collected on the flanks of Etna volcano and synthetic rain. Seleniumconcentrations in soil leachate solutions displayed a spatial distribution, which cannot be explained by plume deposition, total Se soil concentrations or the presence of Fe oxides. Instead, Al compounds and to a minor extent SOM were identified as the active phases controlling the selenate mobilization during interaction with sulphate-containing rainwater. This shows the importance of soils as reactive interfaces. Selenium is mobilized when volcanic-derived acid rain interacts with poorly developed soils close to the crater. This geogenic process might influence the chemical composition of groundwater and as a result, human health.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235–244
    Description: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Selenium ; Volcanic soils ; Geogenic ; Volcanoes ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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